İklimsel Değişikliklerin Deniz Suyu Yüzey Sıcaklığında ve Deniz Suyundaki Chl-A Yoğunluğunda Neden Olduğu Artışların Şeytan Vatozu'nun (Mobula Mobular Bonnaterre, 1788) Doğu Akdenize’e Doğru Yayılışı Arasındaki Muhtemel Ilişkiler; Şeytan Vatozu’nun Grup Olarak Türkiye Kara Sularındaki Ilk Kaydı

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 5 - 16, 27.02.2017

Abdulla Sakallı

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v17i26557.280070

Abstract

Dünyadaki bütün
ekosistemler atmosferin fiziksel ve kimyasal bileşenlerindeki değişikliklerden etkilenmektedirler.
İklim ve bununla birlikte deniz ekosistemlerindeki yüzey su sıcaklığındaki
değişimler özellikle soyları tükenme tehlikesinde olan türleri ve onların
yayılış alanlarını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, iklim değişikliğinin
Myliobatidae ailesine ait, nesli tükenme tehlikesinde olup Akdeniz’e özgü
bir tür olan ve Şeytan vatozu’nun (Mobula mobular) göçü üzerindeki
etkilerini inceledik. Kış mevsiminde su sıcaklığında meydana gelen anormal
artışlar balıkları göç etmeye zorlayan başlıca sebeplerden biridir. Adriyatik
Denizi ve çevresinde yüzey suyu sıcaklığının artması birincil üreticilerin
miktar ve kompozisyonunu doğrudan etkilediği gibi, Şeytan vatoz’unun diyetinde
bulunan zooplankton, küçük balık ve kabukluları da etkilemektedir. Bu değişim,
Şeytan vatozu’nun Batı Akdeniz’de doğal yayılış alanlarını terk ederek yeni,
beslenme alanları aramasına neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yaptığımız bu
çalışmada, 2003-2015 yılları arasında Akdeniz’in yüzey suyu sıcaklığında
ortalama 1,5 ºC’lik bir artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kış
aylarındaki- kış mevsimi (Ocak, Şubat, Mart) ve bahar başlangıcında, su yüzey
sıcaklığındaki artış 2,5 ºC’yi bulmaktadır. Kış aylarında yüzey suyu
sıcaklığındaki bu ciddi artış sıcaklık değişimine fazla toleransı olmayan
türleri göçe zorlamaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışmamızda Şeytan vatozu’nun göç
etmesinin iklim değişikliği ile ilişkisinin yanı sıra deniz suyundaki klorofil
konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimlerle olan ilişkisi de incelenmiştir. Bu
çalışmanın sonuçları, Şeytan vatozu’nun ekolojik davranışları ve iklim
değişikliğinin bu davranışlar üzerindeki etkilerinin açıklanmasında önemli rol
alacaktır.

Keywords

İklim değişikliği, su yüzey sıcaklığı, uzaktan algılama, ekoloji, Şeytan vatozu, balık göçü

Relationship Between Climate Change Driven Sea Surface Temperature, Chl-a Density and Distribution of Giant Devil Ray (Mobula Mobular Bonnaterre, 1788) In Eastern Mediterranean: A First Schooling By-Catch Record Off Turkish Coasts

Abstract

Every
ecosystem of the Earth is influenced by altering of physical and chemical
composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. Climate and thus sea surface temperature
changes in the marine ecosystems affects particularly the vulnerable and
endangered species and their distribution areas. Possible climate change effect
on one of the most endangered and endemic ray species i.e. Mobula mobular’s
migration in the Mediterranean Sea. The migration of the species was
probably forced due to warming of the sea temperature of their native
environment in winter time. The warming of the Adriatic Sea affects, changes
and shifts the primary production. This could also force the rays to find new
feeding regions in the Mediterranean Sea. From 2003 to 2015, sea surface
temperature in the Mediterranean Sea has averagely an increase about 1.5 ºC,
however, the increase of the temperature in JFM (January, February, March) was
much greater (about 2.5 ºC). This prefigure a reason for migration e.g.
especially the low temperature tolerant species. The climate change impacts on
ray’s migration and also the correlation between Chl-a concentration in
Mediterranean have to deeply investigate. This could answer more questions
about the ecological behavior of the rays under climate change in the future.

Keywords

Climate change, sea surface temperature, remote sensing, ecology, Devil ray, fish migration

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