Van Gölü Havzasındaki Van Gölü Martısı’nın (Larus armenicus Buturlin, 1934) Tüylerindeki Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonlarının Tespiti

Year 2024, , 25 - 32, 30.04.2024

Nurgül Taşkın Atilla Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1348713

Abstract

Besin ağının üst basamağında yer alan kuşlar, çevresel kirleticilerden en fazla etkilenen canlı gruplarıdır. Bu çalışmada Van Gölü havzasını üreme ve beslenme amacıyla kullanan Van Gölü Martısındaki (Larus armenicus) bazı ağır metal birikimleri araştırıldı. Besin ağının en üst basamağında yer alan kuşların toksik maddeleri hangi oranlarda biriktirdiği ve nasıl etkilendiklerini tespit etmek amacı ile beslenme oranları da dikkate alınarak yetişkin ve yavru martılarının vücut tüylerinden ve beslendiği ortamlardaki sulardan örnekler alındı. Metal konsantrasyonları ICAP 6000 spektrofotometresi ile ölçüldü. Alınan örneklerde; Demir (Fe), Kadmiyum (Cd), Bakır (Cu), Kurşun (Pb) ve Arsenik (As) konsantrasyonlarına bakıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; Cu (6.43 mg kg-1), Pb (4.02 mg kg-1) ve Cd (0.14 mg kg-1) konsantrasyonlarının en fazla yavrularda, Fe konsantrasyonun (94.32 mg kg-1) ise en fazla erginlerde olduğu görüldü. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve TSE-266 standartlarına göre; Su içerisindeki As, Fe, Cd, Cu ve Pb konsantrasyonlarının içilebilir referans değerinden çok fazla olduğu tespit edildi. Yavru ve yetişkinlerdeki konsantrasyon farklılıklarının beslenme yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak değiştiği görülmektedir.

Keywords

Ağır metal, Sulak alan, Van Gölü, Van Gölü Martısı (Larus armenicus)

Supporting Institution

Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

BAP 2016-FYL-5269

Detection of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Feathers of Armenian Gull (Larus armenicus Buturlin, 1934) in Van Lake Basin/TÜRKİYE

Abstract

Birds are the living groups at the top of the food web and most affected by environmental pollutants. The aim of the present study was to detect levels of some heavy metal accumulations in the Armenian Gull (Larus armenicus), which uses the Van Lake basin for breeding and feeding purposes. Samples were taken from the body feathers of adult and juvenile gulls and from the waters in their feeding environments, taking into account the feeding rates, in order to determine at what rate the birds at the top of the food web accumulate toxic substances and how they are affected. In the samples taken, Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) concentrations were measured. Metal concentrations were measured using ICAP 6000 Spectrometer. According to the results of the analysis, Cu (6.43 mg kg-1), Pb (4.02 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.14 mg kg-1) concentrations were highest in juveniles, while Fe concentration (94.32 mg kg-1) was found to be highest in adults. Compared with WHO (World Health Organization) and TSE-266 standart; As, Fe, Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations in water were higher than the permissible levels for drinking water. Concentration differences in Juveniles and adults seem to vary depending on the feeding density.

Keywords

Armenian gull (Larus armenicus), Heavy metal, Van Lake, Wetland

Project Number

BAP 2016-FYL-5269

References

• Adızel, Ö., Durmuş, A., & Kiziroğlu, İ. (2010). Preliminary study on newly detected yayliyaka marshes in the Lake Van Basin, Turkey. The Journal of Animal and Plants Sciences, 20(4), 286-292.
• Aslan, G. (2007). Nallıhan Kuş Cenneti-Ankara'dan toplanan kuş tüylerinde bazı ağır metallerin saptanması. (MSc), Hacettepe University Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Ankara.
• Behrooz, R. D., Esmaili-Sari, A., Ghasempouri, S. M., Bahramifar, N., & Covaci, A. (2009). Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in feathers of birds from different trophic levels of south-west Iran. Environment International, 35, 285-290. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.001
• Blust, R., Van der Linden, A., Verheyen, E., & Decleir, W. (1988). Evaluation of microwave heating digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with continuum source background correction for the determination of Fe, Cu and Cd in brine shrimp. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 3, 387-393. doi:10.1039/JA9880300387
• Burger, J. (1994). Metals in avian feathers: bioindicators of environmental pollution. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 5, 203-311.
• Burger, J., & Gochfeld, M. (1995). Biomonitoring of heavy metals in the Pasific Basin using avian feathers. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14(7), 1233-1239. doi:10.1002/etc.5620140716
• Burger, J., & Gochfeld, M. (1997). Risk, mercury levels, and birds: relating adverse laboratory effects to field biomonitoring. Environmental Research, 75, 160-172. doi:10.1006/enrs.1997.3778
• Durmuş, A., Çelik, E., Cenger, C., Taşkın, N., & Acar, Ş. (2018). Determination of metals and selenium concentrations in feather of Armenian gull (Larus armenicus) living in Van Lake Basin, Turkey. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16, 3831-3837. doi:10.15666/aeer/1604_38313837
• Dauwe, T., Bervoets, L., Blust, R., Pinxten, R., & Eens, M. (2000). Can excrement and feathers of nestling songbirds be used as biomonitors for heavy metal pollution? Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39, 541-546. doi:10.1007/s002440010138
• Dauwe, T., Bervoets, L., Pinxten, R., Blust, R., & Eens, M. (2003). Variation of heavy metals within and among feathers of birds of prey: effects of molt and external contamination. Environmental Pollution, 124, 429-436. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00044-7
• Goede, A. A., & Bruin, M, D. E. (1986). The use of bird feathers for indicating heavy metal pollution. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 7, 249-256. doi:10.1007/BF00418017
• Järup, L. (2003). Hazards of metal contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 167-182. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldg032
• Janssen, E., Dauwe, T., Bervoets, L., & Eens, M. (2001). Heavy metals and selenium in feathers of great tits (Parus major) along a pollution gradient. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 2815-2820. doi:10.1002/etc.5620201221
• Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., & Timur, S. (2003). Metallerin çevresel etkileri. Metalurji Dergisi, 136, 47-53.
• Kodat, M., & Tepe, Y. (2023). A holistic approach to the assessment of heavy metal levels and associated risks in the coastal sediment of Giresun, southeast Black Sea. Heliyon, 9(6), E16424. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16424
• Movalli, P. A. (2000). Heavy metal and other residues in feathers of laggar falcon (Falco biarmicus juggar) from six districts of Pakistan. Environmental Pollution, 109, 267-275. doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00258-4
• Nergiz, H., & Şamat, A. K. (2019). Assessment of heavy metal concentration in feathers of Armenian gull (Larus Armenicus Buturlin, 1934) and water samples of Hazar Lake, Turkey. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(4), 10221 - 10227. doi:10.15666/aeer/1704_1022110227
• IUCN. (2022). Red List of Birds. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22694357/0 Access date: 19.11.2023.
• Spahn, S. A., & Sherry, T. W. (1999). Cadmium and lead exposure associated with reduced growth rates, poorer fledging success of little blue heron (Egretta caerulea) in south Louisiana wetlands. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 37, 377-384. doi:10.1007/s002449900528
• Tepe, Y., Şimşek, A., Ustaoğlu, F., & Taş, B. (2022). Spatial–temporal distribution and pollution indices of heavy metals in the Turnasuyu Stream sediment, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194, 818. doi:10.1007/s10661-022-10490-1
• Ullah, K., Hashmi, M. Z., & Malik, R. N. (2014). Heavy-metal levels in feathers of cattle egret and their surrounding environment: a case of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 66, 139-153. doi:10.1007/s00244-013-9939-8
• Zhang, J., Han, L., Ji, Y., Wei, J., Cai, G., Gao, G., Wu, J., & Yao, Z. (2018). Heavy metal investigation and risk assessment along the Le'An River from non-ferrous metal mining and smelting activities in Poyang, China. Journal of Environmental Biology, 39, 536-545. doi:10.22438/jeb/39/4/MRN-681
• Zolfaghari, G., Esmaili-Sari, A., Mahmoud, G. S., & Kiabi, H. (2007). Examination of mercury concentration in the feathers of 18 species of birds in southwest Iran. Environmental Research, 104(2), 258-265. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2006.12.002