Erçek Gölü (Van) Kapalı Havzası Arazi Kullanım/Arazi Örtüsü Değişiklerinin Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemi Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi

Year 2024, , 514 - 529, 31.08.2024

Erkan Dişli , Zehra Şapcı Ayaş

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1440273

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Erçek Gölü Kapalı Alt Havzası (EGKH) genelinde meydana gelen mekânsal-zamansal değişim süreçlerini belirlemek amacı ile 2006, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020 ve 2022 yıllarına ait arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsü (AKAÖ) verileri ve 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022 yıllarına ait normalleştirilmiş bitki örtüsü indeksi (NBÖİ) ve normalleştirilmiş fark su indeksi (NFSİ) kullanılmıştır. AKAÖ, NBÖİ ve NFSİ haritalarını oluşturmak için ArcGIS 10.8 programında Copernicus-Land Monitoring Service ve ESRI- Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer uydu görüntüleri kullanılmış ve AKAÖ haritasından elde edilen görüntüler kendi içerisinde yedi alt sınıfa (yerleşim yeri, orman, su kütlesi, sulak alan, tarım alanı, çıplak arazi ve kar/buz örtüsü) ayrılmıştır. AKAÖ görüntülerine göre 2006-2020 yılları arasında yerleşim yeri ve çıplak arazi alanlarında artış tarım alanlarında ise azalmanın meydana geldiği gözlemlenmiştir. Havza genelinde 2016-2022 yılları arasında pozitif (en yüksek) NBÖİ değerlerinin 0.822 ile 0.865 arasında değiştiğini ve 0.6-1 değer aralığı bazı yıllar arasında dönüşümlü artış gösterse de sağlıklı bitki örtüsü veya geniş ormanlık alanların yayılım çok sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir.
2016-2022 yıları arasında pozitif (en yüksek) ve negatif (en düşük) NFSİ değerleri arasında dönüşümlü bir artış ve 2022 yılında ise azalış eğilimi gözlenmiştir. EGKH’da en önemli su kütlesi olan Erçek Gölü’nün en geniş alana 110.9 km2 ile 2020 yılında ve en düşük alana ise 2022 yılında 107.24 km2 sahip olduğu görülmüştür. İlgili yıllar arasında göl alanında yaklaşık %2.23 oranında meydana gelen azalmanın arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsündeki yerleşim alanları ve tarımsal faaliyetleri içerebilecek insan faaliyetlerinin bir sonucu olarak azalış gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsü Normalleştirilmiş bitki örtüsü indeksi, Erçek Gölü, Normalleştirilmiş bitki örtüsü indeksi, Normalleştirilmiş fark su indeksi, Sulak alan, Uzaktan algılama, Van

Determination of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Erçek Lake (Van) Closed Basin Using Remote Sensing Method

Abstract

In this study, to assess the spatio-temporal change processes occurring in the Erçek Lake Closed Sub-Basin (ELCSB), land use/land cover (LULC) data for the years 2006, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 were analyzed, as well as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data for the years 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022.Copernicus-Land Monitoring Service and ESRI-Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer satellite images were used in the ArcGIS 10.8 program to create the LULC, NDVI, and NDWI maps, and the images data obtained from the LULC map were divided into seven subclasses (built-up area, forest, water bodies, wetlands, agriculture area, bare ground and snow/ice cover). LULC images indicate that between 2006 and 2020, there was an increase in built-up areas and bare ground, accompanied by a decrease in agricultural areas. The positive (highest) (NDVI) values in the basin ranged between 0.822 and 0.865 in 2016-2022. Despite fluctuations between some years within the 0.6-1 value range, there was limited expansion of healthy vegetation or large forest areas in the basin. An alternating increase was observed between positive (highest) and negative (lowest) NFSI values between 2016 and 2022, and a decreasing trend was observed in 2022. It was observed that Lake Erçek, the most significant water body in the ELCSB, had the largest area of 110.9 km2 in 2020 and the smallest area of 107.24 km2 in 2022. It was concluded that the approximately 2.23% decrease in the lake area between the relevant years was attributed to human activities, which may include built-up areas and agricultural activities in LULC patterns.

Keywords

Land use/land cover, Remote sensing, The Erçek Lake, The normalised difference vegetation index, The normalized difference water index, Wetlands, Van

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