Biodiversity of Streptomyces of from soil samples of Halapja, Iraq

Year 2019, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 72 - 87, 03.09.2019

Syamand Ahmed Qadır Ekrem Atalan

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı özelde Streptomyces ve genelde actinomycetes
bakterilerini Irak Halabja’sinde toplanan topraklardan izole etmektir. Bu
amaçla, Halepçenin farklı 30 bölgesinde toprak numuneleri toplanarak
laboratuvara getirildi ve fizikokimyasal paramatreleri ölçüldü. İlk olarak
klasık izolasyon yöntemi kullanıldı. Toprak numunelerinden hazırlanan
dilüsyonlar içerisine cycloheximide, nystatine ve novobiocin eklenmiş
nişasta-kazein agar ve raffinoz-histidine agar petri kutularına ekim yapıldı ve
toplamda substrat ve havasal miselyomlara sahip 105 koloni seçildi ve
saflaştırıldı. Bütün izolatlar oatmeal agar besi ortamında havasal spor,
substrat miselyum renkleri ve diffüziye pigment renkleri ve ayrıca pepton-yeast
agar besi ortamında melanin üretimi dikate alınarak renk gruplandırılması
yapıldı ve sonuçta 105 izolat 10 renk grubuna ayrıldı. Renk gruplarını temsilen
seçilen 20 izolat 40 diagnostik teşhis testleri yapıldı ve sonrasında
bilgisayara dayalı programla sonuçlar analiz edildi ve dendrogram oluşturuldu.
Bu 20 test organisması 10 gruba ayrıldı ve sonuçlar renk gruplandırması ile
yaklaşık benzerlik gösterdi.

Teşhisi yapılan bu 20 test suşu 10 kümeye ayrıldı ve bu kümeler renk
gruplandırması sonucunda elde edilenlerle hemen hemen aynı suşları içerdi. 4
test suşunun hücre duvar yapısındaki hem diamino pimelik asit çeşidi hem de
içerdiği şeker tipi tayin edildi. Bu suşlardan 3’ü Streptomyces bakterileri
için belirleyici olan LL-diaminopimelik asit (DAP) ve yine tüm hücre
hidrlizatlarında belirleyici olan şeker tiplerini (riboz, glukoz ve mannoz)
içerdiği belirlendi. Bir suş ise Nocardiopsis bakterileri için belirleyici olan
meso-A2pm DAP ve tüm hücre hidrolizatlarındagalaktoz ve riboz şeker tipini içerdiği
belirlendi. Kemotaksonomik çalışma sonuçları fenotipik analiz sonuçlarını
destekledi. Streptomyces koloni sayısı genelde düşük seviyede olduğu belirlendi
ve 30 toprak numunesinden 18’inde Streptomyces kolonisi gözetlenmedi. Bunun
muhtemel nedeni 1988’de Halepçe’nin Kimyasal bombalarla bombalanması olabilir. 

Keywords

Streptomyces

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