Failure of Gedikbulak K-12 School Building on October 23, 2011, in Van, Turkey Earthquake

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 544 - 560, 31.08.2023

Halit Mertol

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1229265

Abstract

A major earthquake with a magnitude Mw = 7.2 (ML = 6.7) occurred in the Eastern part of Turkey on October 23, 2011. The ground motion had a measured peak ground acceleration of 0.18×g. The earthquake damaged masonry and reinforced concrete structures ranging from minor cracking to total collapse. A 4-story reinforced concrete school building in Gedikbulak Village experienced total failure during this earthquake. This school building was a typical project (No: 10370) prepared by the Ministry of Education of Turkey and this typical project was widely being used for the construction of school buildings in various locations throughout Turkey. This paper explains the site observations of the Atılım University Reconnaissance Team carried out at the collapse site of the school building a few days after the main shock and detailed analysis with an emphasis on the reason for the failure of the school building. The analysis results indicated that the collapse happened due to the separation of the bottom of shear walls (in both x- and y-directions) from the foundation due to inadequate development and lap splice length of the plain reinforcing bars. Comments were made for existing school buildings to prevent any collapses in future earthquakes.

Keywords

10370 typical school building project, Collapse, Development and lap splice length, Failure sequence

Thanks

The precious efforts of the members of the team, Prof. Dr. Eray Baran and Mr. Ferit Yılmaz (you will be remembered in our hearts), are very much appreciated. The local contacts in Van, Şemsettin Bakır, Necdet Telsaç, Kamuran Turgut, and Ercan Altunlı are also acknowledged.

23 Ekim 2011 Van, Türkiye Depremi Sırasında Gedikbulak Okul Binasının Yıkılması

Abstract

23 Ekim 2011 tarihinde Türkiye'nin doğusunda Mw = 7,2 (ML = 6,7) büyüklüğünde bir deprem meydana gelmiştir. Yer hareketinin en yüksek yer ivmesi 0.18×g olarak ölçülmüştür. Deprem, yığma ve betonarme yapılarda küçük çatlaklardan tamamen göçmeye kadar değişen hasarlara neden olmuştur. Bu depremde, Gedikbulak Köyü'ndeki 4 katlı betonarme okul binası tamamen yıkılmıştır. Bu okul binası Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan tipik bir projedir (No: 10370) ve bu tipik proje Türkiye'nin çeşitli yerlerinde okul binalarının yapımında yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu makalede, Atılım Üniversitesi Keşif Takımının ana şoktan birkaç gün sonra okul binasının yıkıldığı yerde yaptığı saha gözlemleri ve okul binasının yıkılma nedenleri üzerinde durularak detaylı analizleri anlatılmaktadır. Analiz sonuçları göçmenin, düz donatı çubuklarının yetersiz kenetlenme ve bindirme boyu nedeniyle perde duvarların tabanının (hem x- hem de y- yönlerinde) temelden ayrılmasından kaynaklandığını göstermiştir. Yapılan inceleme ve analizler sonucunda benzer mevcut okul binalarının gelecekteki depremlerde yıkılmaması için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

10370 tipik okul binası projesi, göçme, göçme adımları sıralaması, kenetlenme ve bindirme boyu

References

• American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2013). Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings: ASCE Standard 41-13.
• American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2016). Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures: ASCE/SEI Standard 7-16.
• Applied Technology Council (ATC). (1996). ATC 40: Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings.
• Baran, E., Mertol, H. C., & Gunes, B. (2014). Damage in reinforced concrete buildings during October 23 and November 9, 2011 Van, Turkey earthquakes. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 28(3), 466-479. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000396
• Damcı, E., Temur, R., Bekdaş, G., & Sayın, B. (2015). Damages and causes on the structures during the October 23, 2011 Van earthquake in Turkey. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 3, 112-131. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2015.10.001
• İnel, M., Bilgin, H., & Özmen, H. B. (2006). Mevcut kamu yapılarının performans değerlendirmesi [Performance evaluation of existing state buildings] [In Turkish]. IMO Turkey Engineering News, 444-445, 64-71.
• Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (MPWS). (1975). Specification for structures to be constructed in disaster areas [In Turkish]. Ankara, Turkey.
• Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (MPWS). (1998). Specification for structures to be constructed in disaster areas [In Turkish]. Ankara, Turkey.
• Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (MPWS). (2007). Specification for structures to be constructed in disaster areas [In Turkish]. Ankara, Turkey.
• Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (MPWS). (2018). Building earthquake specifications of Turkey [In Turkish]. Ankara, Turkey.
• Orak, M. S., & Celep, Z. (2017). Gedikbulak okul binasının sismik performansı hakkında [Seismic performance of Gedikbulak school building revisited] [In Turkish]. IMO Teknik Dergi, Technical Note, 28(2), 7889-7896. doi:10.18400/tekderg.304103
• Tapan, M., Cömert, M., Demir, C., Sayan, Y., Orakçal, K., & İlki, A. (2013). Failures of structures during the October 23, 2011 Tabanlı (Van) and November 9, 2011 Edremit (Van) earthquakes in Turkey. Engineering Failure Analysis, 34, 606-628. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.02.013
• Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). (1997). TS498 Turkish Standard - Design loads for buildings [In Turkish]. Ankara, Turkey
• Turkish Standards Institute (TSE). (2000). TS500 Requirements for design and construction of reinforced concrete structures [In Turkish]. Ankara, Turkey.