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AZ91 Mg Alaşımı Üzerine Soğuk Sprey Kaplama Yöntemi ile Al Kaplamaların Büyütülmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1118 - 1126, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1285509

Abstract

Hafif metalik mühendislik malzemelerinden biri olan AZ91 magnezyum alaşımı; sahip olduğu düşük yoğunluk ve yüksek özgül mukavemet özelliklerinden dolayı endüstrinin birçok alanında yapı malzemesi olarak tercih edilmektedir. Ancak AZ91 alaşımının sahip olduğu güçlü yapısal özelliklerine rağmen yüzey özelliklerinin sınırlı olması, saldırgan ortamlarda ve aşırı yük altında düşük dayanıma sahip olmasına dolayısıyla bu alaşımların kullanımlarının sınırlı kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu alaşımların zayıf yüzey özelliklerini geliştirmek ve endüstrinin farklı alanlarında kullanımlarını arttırılabilmek için yüzey kaplama işlemleri uygulanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; AZ91 magnezyum alaşımının yüzey özelliklerini iyileştirilebilmek amacı ile soğuk sprey (SS) yöntemi ile Al kaplamaların büyütülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Büyütülen kaplamaların yapısal morfolojik analizleri kaplamaların XRD ve SEM analizleri ile sertlik değerleri ise mikro sertlik ölçme yöntemiyle tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Altuncu, E., & Üstel, F. (2010). Soğuk sprey (cold spray) teknolojisi ve uygulama alanları. Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği Metalurji Mühendisleri Odası Dergisi, 157, 29- 40.
  • Assadi, H., Gartner, F., Stoltenhoff, T., & Kreye, H. (2003). Bonding mechanism in cold gas spraying. Acta Materialia, 51, 4379–4394. doi:10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00274-X
  • Assadi, H., Kreye, H., Gärtner, F., & Klassen, T. (2016). Cold spraying – A materials perspective. Acta Materialia, 116, 382–407. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.034
  • Atrens, A., Song, G. L., Liu, M., Shi, Z., Cao, F., & Dargusch, M. S. (2015). Review of recent developments in the field of magnesium corrosion. Advanced Engineering Materials, 17, 400–453. doi:10.1002/adem.201400434
  • Cetin, O., Tazegul, O., & Kayali, E. S. (2016). Effect of parameters to the coating formation during cold spray process. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering (MCM 16), Paper no MMME 140, Budapest, Hungary. doi:10.11159/mmme16.140
  • Cortes, R., Garrido, M. A., Rico, A., Munez, C. J., Poza, P., Martos, A. M., Dosta, S., & Cano, I. G. (2020). Effect of processing conditions on the mechanical performance of stainless steel cold sprayed coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 394, 125874. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125874
  • Davis, J. R. (2004). Davis, J.R. (Eds.) Cold Spray Process, Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology (pp. 77-84, 211-212). OH, 06994G, USA: ASM International: Materials Park.
  • Dykhuizen, R. C., Smith, M. F., Gilmore, D. L., Neiser, R. A., Jiang, X., & Sampath, S. (1999). Impact of high velocity cold spray particles. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 8, 559-564. doi:10.1361/105996399770350250
  • Esmaily, M., Svensson, J.E., Fajardo, S., Birbilis, N., Frankel ,G.S., Virtanen, S., Arrabal, R., Thomas, S., & Johansson, L.G. (2017). Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion. Progress in Materials Science, 89, 92-193. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.04.011
  • Garrido, M. A., Sirvent, P., & Poza, P. (2017). Evaluation of mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V cold sprayed coatings. Surface Engineering, 34, 399-405. doi:10.1080/02670844.2017.1398442
  • Goral, A., Żorawski, W., & Makrenek, M. (2019). The effect of the standoff distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold sprayed Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 361, 9-18. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.006
  • Ghelichi, R., & Guagliano, M., (2009). Coating by the cold spray process: a state of the art. Frattura ed Integrita Stutturale, 8, 30-44. doi:10.3221/IGF-ESIS.08.03
  • Henao, J., Concustell, A., Cano, I. G., Cinca, N., Dosta, S., & Guilemany, J. M. (2014). Influence of cold gas spray process conditions on the microstructure of Fe-based amorphous coatings. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 622, 995-999. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.037
  • Jeandin, M., Koivuluoto, H., & Vezzu, S. (2015). Coating Properties. Villafuerte, J. (Eds.), Modern Cold Spray (pp: 107-204). Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Springer Cham
  • Lee, J. H., Shin, S. M., Kim, H. J., & Lee, C. (2007). Effect of gas temperature on critical velocity and deposition characteristic in kinetic spraying. Applied Surface Science, 253, 3512-3520. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.07.061
  • Li, W. Y., Zhang, C, Guo, X. P., Zhang, G., Liao, H. L., Li, C. J., & Coddet, C. (2008). Effect of standoff distance on coating deposition characteristics in cold spraying. Materials & Design, 29, 297-304. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2007.02.005
  • Li, C. J., & Yang, G. J. (2013). Relationships between feedstock structure, particle parameter, coating deposition, microstructure and properties for thermally sprayed conventional and nanostructured WC-Co. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 39, 2–17. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.03.014
  • Liu, Y., Li, C. X., Huang, X. F., Ma, K., Luo, X. T., & Li, C. J. (2020). Effect of water environment on particle deposition of underwater cold spray. Applied Surface Science, 506, 144542. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144542
  • Lua, F., Maa, K., Lia C, Yasirb, M., Luoa, X., & Lia, C. (2020). Enhanced corrosion resistance of cold-sprayed and shot-peened aluminum coatings on LA43M magnesium alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 394, 125865. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125865
  • Luo, X. T., Li, C. X., Shang, F. L., Yang, G. J., Wang, Y., & Li. C. J. (2014). High velocity impact induced microstructure evolution during deposition of cold spray coatings: A review. Surface and Coatings Technology, 254, 11–20. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.06.006
  • Ma, X., Jin, S., Wu, R., Zhang, S., Hou, L., Krit, B., Betsofen, S., & Liu, B. (2022). Influence of combined B4C/C particles on the properties of microarc oxidation coatings on Mg-Li alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 438, 128399. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128399
  • Maledi, N. B., Oladijo, O. P., Botef, I., Ntsoane, T. P., Madiseng, A. & Moloisane, L. (2017). Influence of cold spray parameters on the microstructures and residual stress of Zn coatings sprayed on mild steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 318, 106-113. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.03.062
  • Molaei, M., Babaei, K., & Fattah-alhosseini, A. (2020). Improving the wear resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings applied on Mg and its alloys under the addition of nano- and micro-sized additives into the electrolytes: A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 9, 4, 1164-1186. doi:10.1016/j.jma.2020.11.016
  • Öztürk, A. (2003). Manyetik sıçratma tekniği ile üretilmiş Mo2N ve nanokompozit Mo-N-Cu kaplamaların kazımalı aşınma davranışlarının karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Pattison, J., Celotto, S., Khan, A., & O'Neill, W. (2008). Standoff distance and bow shock phenomena in the cold spray process. Surface and Coatings Technology, 202, 8, 1443-1454. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.065
  • Poza, P., & Garrido-Maneiro, M. A. (2022). Cold-sprayed coatings: microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behaviour. Progress in Materials Science, 123, 100839. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100839
  • Rokni, M. R., Nutt, S. R., Widener, C. A., Champagne, V. K., & Hrabe, R. H. (2017). Review of relationship between particle deformation, coating microstructure, and properties in high-pressure cold spray. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 26, 1308–1355. doi:10.1007/s11666-017-0575-0
  • Siddique, S., Bernussi, A.A., Husain, W.S., & Muhammad, M. (2020). Enhancing structural integrity, corrosion resistance and wear properties of Mg alloy by heat treated cold sprayed Al coating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 394, 125882. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125882
  • Song, G., & StJohn ,D.H. (2005). Corrosion of magnesium alloys in commercial engine coolants. Materials and Corrosion, 56, 1, 15-23. doi:10.1002/maco.200403803
  • Steenkiste T. H. V., Smith, J. R., Teets, R. E., Moleski, J. J., Gorkiewicz, D. W., Tison, R. P., Marantz, D. R., Kowalsky, K. A., Riggs, W. L., Zajchowski, P. H., Pilsner, B., Mccune, R. C., & Barnett, K. J. (1999). Kinetic spray coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 111 (1), 10, 62-71. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(98)00709-9
  • Szala, M., Latka, L., Walczak, M., & Winnicki, M. (2020). Comparative study on the cavitation erosion and sliding wear of cold-sprayed al/al2o3 and cu/al2o3 coatings, and stainless steel, aluminium alloy, copper and brass. Metals, 10, 7, 856. doi:10.3390/met10070856
  • Tortuero, S., Garrido, M. A., Poza, P. & Rodriguez, J. (2020). Evaluating the erosion resistance of Ti6Al4V coatings deposited by cold spray. Wear, 454–455, 203337. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203337
  • Tekin, E., Uyum, S., Karahan, B., Tekin, K.C., & Malayoğlu, U. (2021). Soğuk püskürtme teknolojisi ve uygulamaları. Mühendis ve Makine, 62, 702, 106-150. doi:10.46399/muhendismakina.798947
  • Wendt, A., & Weiß, K. (2004, Kasım). Gießsimulation für Magnesium-Leichtbauteile in der Flugzeugindustrie. Journal Of Virtual Materials Processing, Bayreuth, Germany.
  • Zahiri, S. H., Fraser, D., Gulizia, S. & Jahedi, M. (2006). Effect of processing conditions on porosity formation in cold gas dynamic spraying of copper. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 15(3), 422- 430. doi:10.1361/105996306X124437
  • Zhang, D., Ge, Y., Liu, G., Gao, F., & Li, P. (2018). Investigation of tribological properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coating on Mg alloy under dry sliding condition. Ceramics International, 44, 14, 16164-16172. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.05.137
  • Zhao, Z.B., Gillispie, B.A, & Smith, J. R. (2006). Coating deposition by the kinetic spray process. Surface and Coatings Technology, 200, 4746-4754. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.04.033

Deposition of Al Coatings by Cold Spray Method on AZ91 Mg Alloy

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1118 - 1126, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1285509

Abstract

AZ91 magnesium alloy, one of the lightweight metallic engineering materials; is preferred as a building material in many areas of industry due to its low density and high specific strength properties. However, despite the strong structural properties of the AZ91 alloy, the limited surface properties cause low strength in aggressive environments and under extreme loads, thus limiting the use of these alloys. Surface coating processes can be applied to improve the weak surface properties of these alloys and to increase their use in different areas of industry. In this study; to improve the surface properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy, it is aimed to enlarge Al coatings by cold spray (SS) method. Structural and morphological analyses of the coatings were determined by XRD and SEM, and hardness values were determined by the microhardness measurement method.

References

  • Altuncu, E., & Üstel, F. (2010). Soğuk sprey (cold spray) teknolojisi ve uygulama alanları. Türk Mühendis ve Mimar Odaları Birliği Metalurji Mühendisleri Odası Dergisi, 157, 29- 40.
  • Assadi, H., Gartner, F., Stoltenhoff, T., & Kreye, H. (2003). Bonding mechanism in cold gas spraying. Acta Materialia, 51, 4379–4394. doi:10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00274-X
  • Assadi, H., Kreye, H., Gärtner, F., & Klassen, T. (2016). Cold spraying – A materials perspective. Acta Materialia, 116, 382–407. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.034
  • Atrens, A., Song, G. L., Liu, M., Shi, Z., Cao, F., & Dargusch, M. S. (2015). Review of recent developments in the field of magnesium corrosion. Advanced Engineering Materials, 17, 400–453. doi:10.1002/adem.201400434
  • Cetin, O., Tazegul, O., & Kayali, E. S. (2016). Effect of parameters to the coating formation during cold spray process. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering (MCM 16), Paper no MMME 140, Budapest, Hungary. doi:10.11159/mmme16.140
  • Cortes, R., Garrido, M. A., Rico, A., Munez, C. J., Poza, P., Martos, A. M., Dosta, S., & Cano, I. G. (2020). Effect of processing conditions on the mechanical performance of stainless steel cold sprayed coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 394, 125874. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125874
  • Davis, J. R. (2004). Davis, J.R. (Eds.) Cold Spray Process, Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology (pp. 77-84, 211-212). OH, 06994G, USA: ASM International: Materials Park.
  • Dykhuizen, R. C., Smith, M. F., Gilmore, D. L., Neiser, R. A., Jiang, X., & Sampath, S. (1999). Impact of high velocity cold spray particles. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 8, 559-564. doi:10.1361/105996399770350250
  • Esmaily, M., Svensson, J.E., Fajardo, S., Birbilis, N., Frankel ,G.S., Virtanen, S., Arrabal, R., Thomas, S., & Johansson, L.G. (2017). Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion. Progress in Materials Science, 89, 92-193. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.04.011
  • Garrido, M. A., Sirvent, P., & Poza, P. (2017). Evaluation of mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V cold sprayed coatings. Surface Engineering, 34, 399-405. doi:10.1080/02670844.2017.1398442
  • Goral, A., Żorawski, W., & Makrenek, M. (2019). The effect of the standoff distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold sprayed Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 361, 9-18. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.006
  • Ghelichi, R., & Guagliano, M., (2009). Coating by the cold spray process: a state of the art. Frattura ed Integrita Stutturale, 8, 30-44. doi:10.3221/IGF-ESIS.08.03
  • Henao, J., Concustell, A., Cano, I. G., Cinca, N., Dosta, S., & Guilemany, J. M. (2014). Influence of cold gas spray process conditions on the microstructure of Fe-based amorphous coatings. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 622, 995-999. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.037
  • Jeandin, M., Koivuluoto, H., & Vezzu, S. (2015). Coating Properties. Villafuerte, J. (Eds.), Modern Cold Spray (pp: 107-204). Springer International Publishing Switzerland, Springer Cham
  • Lee, J. H., Shin, S. M., Kim, H. J., & Lee, C. (2007). Effect of gas temperature on critical velocity and deposition characteristic in kinetic spraying. Applied Surface Science, 253, 3512-3520. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.07.061
  • Li, W. Y., Zhang, C, Guo, X. P., Zhang, G., Liao, H. L., Li, C. J., & Coddet, C. (2008). Effect of standoff distance on coating deposition characteristics in cold spraying. Materials & Design, 29, 297-304. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2007.02.005
  • Li, C. J., & Yang, G. J. (2013). Relationships between feedstock structure, particle parameter, coating deposition, microstructure and properties for thermally sprayed conventional and nanostructured WC-Co. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 39, 2–17. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2012.03.014
  • Liu, Y., Li, C. X., Huang, X. F., Ma, K., Luo, X. T., & Li, C. J. (2020). Effect of water environment on particle deposition of underwater cold spray. Applied Surface Science, 506, 144542. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144542
  • Lua, F., Maa, K., Lia C, Yasirb, M., Luoa, X., & Lia, C. (2020). Enhanced corrosion resistance of cold-sprayed and shot-peened aluminum coatings on LA43M magnesium alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 394, 125865. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125865
  • Luo, X. T., Li, C. X., Shang, F. L., Yang, G. J., Wang, Y., & Li. C. J. (2014). High velocity impact induced microstructure evolution during deposition of cold spray coatings: A review. Surface and Coatings Technology, 254, 11–20. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.06.006
  • Ma, X., Jin, S., Wu, R., Zhang, S., Hou, L., Krit, B., Betsofen, S., & Liu, B. (2022). Influence of combined B4C/C particles on the properties of microarc oxidation coatings on Mg-Li alloy. Surface and Coatings Technology, 438, 128399. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128399
  • Maledi, N. B., Oladijo, O. P., Botef, I., Ntsoane, T. P., Madiseng, A. & Moloisane, L. (2017). Influence of cold spray parameters on the microstructures and residual stress of Zn coatings sprayed on mild steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 318, 106-113. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.03.062
  • Molaei, M., Babaei, K., & Fattah-alhosseini, A. (2020). Improving the wear resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings applied on Mg and its alloys under the addition of nano- and micro-sized additives into the electrolytes: A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 9, 4, 1164-1186. doi:10.1016/j.jma.2020.11.016
  • Öztürk, A. (2003). Manyetik sıçratma tekniği ile üretilmiş Mo2N ve nanokompozit Mo-N-Cu kaplamaların kazımalı aşınma davranışlarının karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Pattison, J., Celotto, S., Khan, A., & O'Neill, W. (2008). Standoff distance and bow shock phenomena in the cold spray process. Surface and Coatings Technology, 202, 8, 1443-1454. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.065
  • Poza, P., & Garrido-Maneiro, M. A. (2022). Cold-sprayed coatings: microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behaviour. Progress in Materials Science, 123, 100839. doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100839
  • Rokni, M. R., Nutt, S. R., Widener, C. A., Champagne, V. K., & Hrabe, R. H. (2017). Review of relationship between particle deformation, coating microstructure, and properties in high-pressure cold spray. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 26, 1308–1355. doi:10.1007/s11666-017-0575-0
  • Siddique, S., Bernussi, A.A., Husain, W.S., & Muhammad, M. (2020). Enhancing structural integrity, corrosion resistance and wear properties of Mg alloy by heat treated cold sprayed Al coating. Surface and Coatings Technology, 394, 125882. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125882
  • Song, G., & StJohn ,D.H. (2005). Corrosion of magnesium alloys in commercial engine coolants. Materials and Corrosion, 56, 1, 15-23. doi:10.1002/maco.200403803
  • Steenkiste T. H. V., Smith, J. R., Teets, R. E., Moleski, J. J., Gorkiewicz, D. W., Tison, R. P., Marantz, D. R., Kowalsky, K. A., Riggs, W. L., Zajchowski, P. H., Pilsner, B., Mccune, R. C., & Barnett, K. J. (1999). Kinetic spray coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 111 (1), 10, 62-71. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(98)00709-9
  • Szala, M., Latka, L., Walczak, M., & Winnicki, M. (2020). Comparative study on the cavitation erosion and sliding wear of cold-sprayed al/al2o3 and cu/al2o3 coatings, and stainless steel, aluminium alloy, copper and brass. Metals, 10, 7, 856. doi:10.3390/met10070856
  • Tortuero, S., Garrido, M. A., Poza, P. & Rodriguez, J. (2020). Evaluating the erosion resistance of Ti6Al4V coatings deposited by cold spray. Wear, 454–455, 203337. doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203337
  • Tekin, E., Uyum, S., Karahan, B., Tekin, K.C., & Malayoğlu, U. (2021). Soğuk püskürtme teknolojisi ve uygulamaları. Mühendis ve Makine, 62, 702, 106-150. doi:10.46399/muhendismakina.798947
  • Wendt, A., & Weiß, K. (2004, Kasım). Gießsimulation für Magnesium-Leichtbauteile in der Flugzeugindustrie. Journal Of Virtual Materials Processing, Bayreuth, Germany.
  • Zahiri, S. H., Fraser, D., Gulizia, S. & Jahedi, M. (2006). Effect of processing conditions on porosity formation in cold gas dynamic spraying of copper. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 15(3), 422- 430. doi:10.1361/105996306X124437
  • Zhang, D., Ge, Y., Liu, G., Gao, F., & Li, P. (2018). Investigation of tribological properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coating on Mg alloy under dry sliding condition. Ceramics International, 44, 14, 16164-16172. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.05.137
  • Zhao, Z.B., Gillispie, B.A, & Smith, J. R. (2006). Coating deposition by the kinetic spray process. Surface and Coatings Technology, 200, 4746-4754. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.04.033
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Engineering and Architecture / Mühendislik ve Mimarlık
Authors

Ebru Emine Şüküroğlu 0000-0001-8638-5471

Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date April 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 28 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Şüküroğlu, E. E. (2023). AZ91 Mg Alaşımı Üzerine Soğuk Sprey Kaplama Yöntemi ile Al Kaplamaların Büyütülmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(3), 1118-1126. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1285509