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Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube - PVC/PMMA Nanocomposite

Year 2024, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 682 - 689, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1088735

Abstract

Spectroscopic and thermal analyses were conducted on nanocomposite samples prepared by blending PVC/PMMA (poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl methacrylate)) with MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) at different ratios. The PVC/PMMA/CNT composites were prepared using the solution casting method and SEM images showed that the CNTs were homogeneously dispersed. XRD analyses showed that the nanocomposite had an amorphous structure and that the doping of CNTs did not affect the crystallinity. TGA analysis indicated that degradation began at 224 ºC and maximum mass loss was reached at 442 ºC. The Coats-Redfern equation was used to calculate activation energies from the TGA results. DSC analysis showed Tg (glass transition temperature) values of 64.86 ºC, 61.50 ºC, 70.32 ºC, and 61.80 ºC for PVC20-0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 samples, respectively. It was observed that there was no clear relationship between the amount of CNT and Tg values. Furthermore, the doping of CNTs did not affect the activation energies of thermal degradation.

Project Number

FDK 2020-8776

References

  • Al-Muntaser, A. A., Abdelghany, A. M., Abdelrazek, E. M., & Elshahawy, A. G. (2020). Enhancement of optical and electrical properties of PVC/PMMA blend films doped with Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(1), 789-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.019
  • Alghunaim, N. S. (2015). Spectroscopic analysis of PMMA/PVC blends containing CoCl2. Results in Physics, 5, 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2015.11.003
  • Bağcı, İ. (2006). Epoksi reçinesi ile nanokompozit sentezi. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Bose, S., Özdilek, C., Leys, J., Seo, J. W., Wübbenhorst, M., Vermant, J., & Moldenaers, P. (2010). Phase separation as a tool to control dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in polymeric blends. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2(3), 800-807. https://doi.org/10.1021/am9008067
  • Crosby, A. J., & Lee, J. (2007). Polymer nanocomposites: The “Nano” effect on mechanical properties. Polymer Reviews, 47(2), 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583720701271278
  • El-Gamal, S. & Elsayed, M. (2020). Synthesis, structural, thermal, mechanical, and nano-scale free volume properties of novel PbO/PVC/PMMA nanocomposites. Polymer, 206(29), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122911
  • Harito, C., Bavykin, D. V., Yuliarto, B., Dipojono, H. K., & Walsh, F. C. (2019). Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: Synthesis, structures, properties, and applications. Nanoscale, 110, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR00117D
  • İçli, S. (2006, Kasım). Polimerik kompozitler: Geleceğin teknolojileri. I. Polimerik Kompozitler Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Luna, M. S., & Filippone, G. (2016). Effects of nanoparticles on the morphology of immiscible polymer blends – Challenges and opportunities. European Polymer Journal, 79, 198-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.02.023
  • Naim, A. F. A., AlFannakh, H., Arafat, S., & Ibrahim, S. S. (2020). Characterization of PVC/MWCNTs Nanocomposite: Solvent blend. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 27(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2020-0003
  • Ramesh, S., Yahaya, A. H., & Arof, A. K. (2002). Miscibility studies of PVC blends (PVC/PMMA an PVC/PEO) based polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics,148(3-4), 483-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00091-7
  • Sah, G. K., & Gupta A. K. (2013). Miscibility studies of PVC/PMMA blends in tetrahydrofuran by viscosity, density, refractive index, and ultrasonic velocity method. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 4(2), 288-293.
  • Sangawar, V. S. A., & Moharil, A. N. (2012). Study of electrical, thermal, and optical behavior of polypyrrole filled PVC: PMMA thin film thermoelectrics. Chemical Science Transactions, 1(2), 447-455.
  • Swain, S. K., & Jena, I. (2010). Polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: A novel material. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 22(1), 1-15.
  • Şahin, Y. (2000). Kompozit malzemelere giriş (1. Baskı). Gazi Üniversitesi Kitapevi.
  • Thomas, S., Grohens, Y., & Jyotishkumar, P. (2015). Characterization of polymer blends: Miscibility, morphology, and interfaces, (First Edition). Wiley-VCH VerlagGmbH&Co. KGaA.
  • Yanmaz, E. (2018). Vinil grubu içeren bazı polimer / modifiye tek duvarlı karbon nanotüp nanokompozitlerinin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu. (Doktora tezi), Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
  • Yılmazbayhan, A. (2006). Maleik anhidritle graftlanmış oligomerlerin ve i-pp/silikat nanokompozitlerin tepkimeli ekstrüzyon yöntemiyle sentezi ve karakterizasyonu. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.

Çok Duvarlı Karbon Nanotüp- PVC/PMMA Nanokompozitinin Spektroskopik ve Termal Karakterizasyonu

Year 2024, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 682 - 689, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1088735

Abstract

Bu çalışmada farklı oranlarda CNT içeren PVC/PMMA blendleriyle hazırlanan nanokompozit numunelerinin, spektroskopik ve termal analizleri yapıldı. Bu amaçla çözücüye ekleme yöntemiyle PVC/PMMA/CNT kompozitleri hazırlandı. SEM görüntülerinde CNTlerin polimer matrise iyi yerleştikleri ve homojen dağıldıkları gözlendi. Nanokompozitin amorf karakterli olduğu XRD analizleriyle görüldü. CNT katkısının, kristallik üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı belirlendi. TGA analizinde bozunmanın 224 ºC ‘de başladığı, maksimum kütle kaybının 442 ºC’de %93’e ulaştığı saptandı. TGA sonuçlarından Coats -Redfern eşitliğiyle aktivasyon enerjileri hesaplandı. DSC analizinde PVC20-0, 0.1. 0.5, 1 numunelerinde sırasıyla 64.86, 61.50, 70.32, 61.80 ºC olarak ölçüldü. CNT miktarları ile Tg değerleri arasında bir düzenlilik olmadığı gözlendi. CNT katkısının termal bozunmada aktivasyon enerjilerini değiştirmediği gözlendi.

Supporting Institution

VAN YYÜ BAP

Project Number

FDK 2020-8776

Thanks

BAP Koordinasyon Başkanlığına teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Al-Muntaser, A. A., Abdelghany, A. M., Abdelrazek, E. M., & Elshahawy, A. G. (2020). Enhancement of optical and electrical properties of PVC/PMMA blend films doped with Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(1), 789-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.019
  • Alghunaim, N. S. (2015). Spectroscopic analysis of PMMA/PVC blends containing CoCl2. Results in Physics, 5, 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2015.11.003
  • Bağcı, İ. (2006). Epoksi reçinesi ile nanokompozit sentezi. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Bose, S., Özdilek, C., Leys, J., Seo, J. W., Wübbenhorst, M., Vermant, J., & Moldenaers, P. (2010). Phase separation as a tool to control dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in polymeric blends. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2(3), 800-807. https://doi.org/10.1021/am9008067
  • Crosby, A. J., & Lee, J. (2007). Polymer nanocomposites: The “Nano” effect on mechanical properties. Polymer Reviews, 47(2), 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583720701271278
  • El-Gamal, S. & Elsayed, M. (2020). Synthesis, structural, thermal, mechanical, and nano-scale free volume properties of novel PbO/PVC/PMMA nanocomposites. Polymer, 206(29), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122911
  • Harito, C., Bavykin, D. V., Yuliarto, B., Dipojono, H. K., & Walsh, F. C. (2019). Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: Synthesis, structures, properties, and applications. Nanoscale, 110, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR00117D
  • İçli, S. (2006, Kasım). Polimerik kompozitler: Geleceğin teknolojileri. I. Polimerik Kompozitler Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Luna, M. S., & Filippone, G. (2016). Effects of nanoparticles on the morphology of immiscible polymer blends – Challenges and opportunities. European Polymer Journal, 79, 198-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.02.023
  • Naim, A. F. A., AlFannakh, H., Arafat, S., & Ibrahim, S. S. (2020). Characterization of PVC/MWCNTs Nanocomposite: Solvent blend. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 27(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2020-0003
  • Ramesh, S., Yahaya, A. H., & Arof, A. K. (2002). Miscibility studies of PVC blends (PVC/PMMA an PVC/PEO) based polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics,148(3-4), 483-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00091-7
  • Sah, G. K., & Gupta A. K. (2013). Miscibility studies of PVC/PMMA blends in tetrahydrofuran by viscosity, density, refractive index, and ultrasonic velocity method. Nanosystems: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, 4(2), 288-293.
  • Sangawar, V. S. A., & Moharil, A. N. (2012). Study of electrical, thermal, and optical behavior of polypyrrole filled PVC: PMMA thin film thermoelectrics. Chemical Science Transactions, 1(2), 447-455.
  • Swain, S. K., & Jena, I. (2010). Polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: A novel material. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 22(1), 1-15.
  • Şahin, Y. (2000). Kompozit malzemelere giriş (1. Baskı). Gazi Üniversitesi Kitapevi.
  • Thomas, S., Grohens, Y., & Jyotishkumar, P. (2015). Characterization of polymer blends: Miscibility, morphology, and interfaces, (First Edition). Wiley-VCH VerlagGmbH&Co. KGaA.
  • Yanmaz, E. (2018). Vinil grubu içeren bazı polimer / modifiye tek duvarlı karbon nanotüp nanokompozitlerinin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu. (Doktora tezi), Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
  • Yılmazbayhan, A. (2006). Maleik anhidritle graftlanmış oligomerlerin ve i-pp/silikat nanokompozitlerin tepkimeli ekstrüzyon yöntemiyle sentezi ve karakterizasyonu. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physical Properties of Materials
Journal Section Engineering and Architecture / Mühendislik ve Mimarlık
Authors

Afşar Çelik This is me 0000-0002-5824-8338

Mustafa Hamdi Karagöz 0000-0002-6830-7725

Project Number FDK 2020-8776
Publication Date August 31, 2024
Submission Date October 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çelik, A., & Karagöz, M. H. (2024). Çok Duvarlı Karbon Nanotüp- PVC/PMMA Nanokompozitinin Spektroskopik ve Termal Karakterizasyonu. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 29(2), 682-689. https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1088735