Synthesis of Resin Additive Polyurethane Composite to Increase Flame Resistance of Insulation Material Polyurethane Foam

Year 2024, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 955 - 966, 31.12.2024

Sinem Karamahmutoğlu , Merve Kozan , Sefa Aras , Derya Ünlü

https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1502963

Abstract

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) are among the most popular, energy-efficient, versatile insulation materials. RPUF is used as an efficient and comfortable insulation material, especially in buildings, significantly reducing energy costs. The flammability of rigid polyurethane foams severely restricts their application areas. Limited application areas can be eliminated when the char yield and flame resistances are increased. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin stands out with its high char yield and flame resistance. This study included RF resin with high char yield and very low flammability in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam with low char yield and flame resistance. Firstly, the RF resin was synthesised. In the second stage, polyol mixture and polyisocyanate were combined and mixed to prepare RPUFs. In the last stage, the RF resin was mixed with a polyol mixture, polyisocyanate was mixed and rigid polyurethane-resorcinol-formaldehyde composites were prepared. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), apparent density and vertical burning test were performed for the prepared composite foam samples. The combustion resistance of RPUF increased with the increase in RF content by weight. While resin-free polyurethane foam burns completely in the first 10 seconds, the linear burning rate of foam containing 20% RF resin (RF20-RPUF) is 91.33% lower than that of resin-free polyurethane foam.

Keywords

Insulation, Polymer composite, Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, Rigid polyuretane foam, Thermal stability

Project Number

1919B012208035

Yalıtım Malzemesi Poliüretan Köpüğün Alev Direncini Arttıracak Reçine Katkılı Poliüretan Kompozit Sentezi

Abstract

Rijit poliüretan köpükler (RPUF) en popüler, enerji verimi yüksek ve çok yönlü yalıtım malzemeleri arasında yer almaktadır. RPUF, özellikle binalarda verimli ve konforlu yalıtım malzemesi olarak kullanımının yanısıra enerji maliyetlerini de önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. RPUF’ların, alevlenebilir olması uygulama alanlarını ciddi şekilde kısıtlamaktadır. Kömür verimi ve alev dirençleri arttırıldığında kısıtlı uygulama alanları da ortadan kaldırılabilir. Resorsinol-formaldehit (RF) reçinesi yüksek kömür verimi ve alev direnci ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da düşük kömür verimli ve alev dirençli RPUF’un hazırlanma aşamasında, yüksek kömür verimine ve oldukça düşük alevlenebilirliğe sahip RF reçinesi dahil edilmiştir. İlk olarak RF reçinesi sentezlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada poliol karışımı ve poliizosiyanat birleştirilerek karıştırılıp RPUF’lar hazırlanmıştır. Son aşamada poliol karışımı ve poliizosiyanat ile karıştırılmış RF reçinesi birleştirilerek karıştırılıp rijit poliüretan-resorsinol-formaldehit kompozitleri hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan kompozit köpük numuneleri için termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), Görünür yoğunluk ve dikey yanma testi uygulanmıştır. RPUF’larda ağırlıkça RF içeriğindeki artışla birlikte köpüklerin yanma dayanımı artmıştır. Reçinesiz poliüretan köpüğü ilk 10 saniyede tamamen yanarken, %20 RF reçinesi içeren köpüğün (RF20-RPUF) doğrusal yanma hızı reçinesiz poliüretan köpüğe göre %91.33 daha düşüktür.

Keywords

Polimer kompozit, Resorsinol-formaldehit reçinesi, Rijit poliüretan köpük, Termal dayanım, Yalıtım

Supporting Institution

Tübitak

Project Number

1919B012208035

Thanks

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK tarafından 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında 1919B012208035 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir.

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