Review

Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants

Volume: 3 Number: 2 April 13, 2022
EN

Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants

Abstract

Anaplasma bacteria, particularly A. marginale, A. ovis, and A. phagocytophilum, have attracted researchers' attention in recent years. To a lesser extent, it has to do with the pathogenicity of these bacteria for farm animals and people alike. Anaplasmosis, which is a disease caused by numerous anaplasmosis species, is a major concern for animal producers. Ixodes, Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus ticks are the most frequent vectors of Anaplasma bacteria, which may be found in almost every region of the globe. Eukaryotic cells' vacuoles are host to obligatory intracellular bacteria of the Anaplasma genus. The obligatory intracellular bacteria Anaplasma centrale, A. bovis, A. ovis, and A. marginale, infect animal (mostly ruminants) red blood cells and monocytes. Dogs are its primary host, although it may also infect humans and domestic animals. In this study, we discussed six Anaplasma species and their vectors from across the globe.

Keywords

anaplasmosis, Ruminants, Sub-types

References

  1. Atif, F. A. J. P. (2016). "Alpha proteobacteria of genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): Epidemiology and characteristics of Anaplasma species related to veterinary and public health importance." 143(6): 659-685.
  2. Atif, F., et al. (2012). "Prevalence of tick-borne diseases in Punjab (Pakistan) and hematological profile of Anaplasma marginale infection in indigenous and crossbred cattle." 64(1).
  3. Atif, F., et al. (2013). "Sero-epidemiological study of Anaplasma marginale among cattle." 23: 740-744.
  4. Aubry, P., et al. (2011). "A review of bovine anaplasmosis." 58(1): 1-30.
  5. Battilani, M., et al. (2017). "Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma." 49: 195-211.
  6. Benelli, G., et al. (2017). "Nanoparticles as effective acaricides against ticks—a review." 8(6): 821-826.
  7. Berger, K., et al. (2014). "Relative humidity and activity patterns of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)." 51(4): 769-776.
  8. Bissinger, B. W., et al. (2010). "Tick repellents: past, present, and future." 96(2): 63-79.
  9. Bizarro, G. L., Wurlitzer, W. B., Britto, E. P. J., Johann, L., Ferla, N. J., de Moraes, G. J., & da Silva, G. L. (2020). Two new species (Acari: Tydeidae: Eupodidae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 46(7), 538-543.
  10. Brayton, K. A., et al. (2005). "Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins." 102(3): 844-849.
APA
Mubashir, M., Tariq, M., Sohaib Khan, M., Safdar, M., Özaslan, M., Imran, M., Ullah, Q., Siddique, F., & Junejo, Y. (2022). Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants. Zeugma Biological Science, 3(2), 32-45. https://izlik.org/JA88XK22KL
AMA
1.Mubashir M, Tariq M, Sohaib Khan M, et al. Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants. zbs. 2022;3(2):32-45. https://izlik.org/JA88XK22KL
Chicago
Mubashir, Muhammad, Muhammmad Tariq, Muhammad Sohaib Khan, et al. 2022. “Review on Anaplasmosis in Different Ruminants”. Zeugma Biological Science 3 (2): 32-45. https://izlik.org/JA88XK22KL.
EndNote
Mubashir M, Tariq M, Sohaib Khan M, Safdar M, Özaslan M, Imran M, Ullah Q, Siddique F, Junejo Y (April 1, 2022) Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants. Zeugma Biological Science 3 2 32–45.
IEEE
[1]M. Mubashir et al., “Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants”, zbs, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 32–45, Apr. 2022, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA88XK22KL
ISNAD
Mubashir, Muhammad - Tariq, Muhammmad - Sohaib Khan, Muhammad - Safdar, Muhammad - Özaslan, Mehmet - Imran, Muhammad - Ullah, Qudrat - Siddique, Faisal - Junejo, Yasmeen. “Review on Anaplasmosis in Different Ruminants”. Zeugma Biological Science 3/2 (April 1, 2022): 32-45. https://izlik.org/JA88XK22KL.
JAMA
1.Mubashir M, Tariq M, Sohaib Khan M, Safdar M, Özaslan M, Imran M, Ullah Q, Siddique F, Junejo Y. Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants. zbs. 2022;3:32–45.
MLA
Mubashir, Muhammad, et al. “Review on Anaplasmosis in Different Ruminants”. Zeugma Biological Science, vol. 3, no. 2, Apr. 2022, pp. 32-45, https://izlik.org/JA88XK22KL.
Vancouver
1.Muhammad Mubashir, Muhammmad Tariq, Muhammad Sohaib Khan, Muhammad Safdar, Mehmet Özaslan, Muhammad Imran, Qudrat Ullah, Faisal Siddique, Yasmeen Junejo. Review on anaplasmosis in different ruminants. zbs [Internet]. 2022 Apr. 1;3(2):32-45. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA88XK22KL