SECRET TINY TALK COMMENTARY OF FUNGI: YEAST AND MOLD AS FORZANDO CANDIDIASIS DISEASE ‘CANDIDA ALBICANS’

Year 2024, , 10 - 21, 01.08.2024

Nurdan Filik

https://doi.org/10.55549/zbs.1483208

Abstract

The Quorum Sensing System (QS) an interbacterial communication system, which causes disease by triggering virulence, is now accepted and proven. The most important of this cellular communication network are signaling molecules. The general name of the signaling molecule mentioned here is Quorum Sensing Molecules (QSMs); specifically, the most famous molecule is N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHLs). This sophisticated mode of cell-to-cell signalling, known as QS, was first discovered in marin bacteria as Vibrio fischeri. While investigating many research questions, V. fischeri was studied and sampled as a QS model organism. However, awareness of communication in this bacteria has raised the question of whether other tiny creatures in the microorganism world use QS system. Recent studies have proven that yeast and molds also communicate with each other using QS system. Molds and yeast, which are mycological organisms, use QS system, but the details are not yet known. In this manuscript, we review the information available to date on these processes in yeast and mold. We disscussed the diverse chemical ‘languages’ used by yeast and mold, their possible cross-talk and interkingdom interactions with other organisms. Cosmopalitan Candida albicans is a common cause of mucosal infections. In certain groups of immunocompromised patients it also causes life-threatening bloodstream infections that are disseminated to internal organs. It is a polymorphic fungus, being able to grow in yeast, hyphal and pseudohyphal forms. The hyphal form penetrates epithelia and endothelia, causing tissue damage and allowing access to the bloodstream. We discuss the role of QS in fungal colonisation pathogenesis. This review describes of the network of signal transduction pathways that monitors environmental cues to activate a programme of hypha-specific gene transcription, and the molecular processes that drive the highly polarized growth of hyphae.

Keywords

Yeast and mold, Quorum sensing system (QS), N-Acyl Homoserine Lacton (AHLs), Quorum sensing molecules (QSMs), Candida albicans, Fungal diseases

References

• Affeldt, K. J., Brodhagen, M., Keller, P. N. 2012. Aspergillus oxylipin signaling and quorum sensing pathways depend on G protein-coupled receptors. Toxin, 4: 695-717. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4090695
• Ammann, H. M. (2016). Inhalation exposure and toxic effects of mycotoxins. Biology of microfungi, 495-523.
• Avbelj, M., Zupan, J., & Raspor, P. (2016). Quorum-sensing in yeast and its potential in wine making. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 100, 7841-7852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7758-3
• Bacon, C. W., Hinton, D. M., Mitchell, T. R. (2017). Is quorum signaling by mycotoxins a new risk-mitigating strategy for bacterial biocontrol of Fusarium verticillioides and other endophytic fungal species? J Agric. Food Chem., 65 (33): 7071–7080. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03861
• Barriuso, J., Hogan, D. A., Keshavarz, T., & Mart ínez, M. J. (2018). Role of quorum sensing and chemical communication in fungal biotechnology and pathogenesis. FEMS microbiology reviews, 42(5), 627-638. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuy022
• Chen, H., Fink, G. R. 2006. Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols. Genes Dev, 20(9): 1150–1161. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1411806
• Cull, L. (2013). Immanent Authorship: From the Living Theatre to Cage and Goat Island. In Theatres of Immanence: Deleuze and the Ethics of Performance (pp. 22-56). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
• Cutler, J. E., & Hazen, K. C. (2020). Yeast/mold morphogenesis in Mucor and Candida albicans. In Secondary metabolism and differentiation in fungi (pp. 267-306). CRC Press.
• Denning DW, O’Driscoll BR, Hogaboam CM, Bowyer P, Niven RM. (2006). The link between fungi and severe asthma: a summary of the evidence. European Respiratory Journal, 2006;27(3):615–626.
• Egbe N.E., Paget C.M., Wang H., Ashe M.P., (2015). Alcohols inhibit translation to regulate morphogenesis in C. albicans. Fungal Genet Biol 77: 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2015.03.008
• Fabian MP, Miller SL, Reponen T, Hernandez MT. 2005. Ambient bioaerosol indices for indoor air quality assessments of flood reclamation. Aerosol Science, 2005;36:763–783
• Fanosh, M. H., Eljamay, S. M., Elzer, A. S., & Alkirbal, H. A. (2024). The Relationship Between Type and Position of Fungal Infection with Age and Gender. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS), 4(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v4i1.1251
• Geris, R., Calil, S., Rigoli, I. C., Vidal, R. R. L., da Silva, A. F., & Malta, M. (2023). Advanced Applications of Lignocellulosic Fibers and Mycelium-Based Composites for a Sustainable World. In Trends and Innovations in Energetic Sources, Functional Compounds and Biotechnology: Science, Simulation, Experiments (pp. 367-400). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
• Hazen KC, and Cutler JE. 1979. Autoregulation of germ tube formation by Candida albicans. Infect Immun; 24: 661-666
• Hiram S, Bush RK.( 2001). A review of Alternaria alternata sensitivity. Iberoamerica Micologia, 2001;18:56-59.
• Hogan D.A., (2006). Talking to themselves: autoregulation and quorum sensing in fungi. Eukaryot Cell; 5(4):613-9. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.5.4.613-619.2006
• Hornby, J. M., Jensen, E. C., Lisec, A. D., Tasto, J. J., Jahnke, B., Shoemaker, R., Dussault, P., Nickerson, K. W. 2001. Quorum Sensing in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is mediated by farnesol. Appl Environ Microbiol, 67(7): 2982-2992. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.7.2982-2992.2001
• Hosseini, M. R., Godini, H., Fouladi-Fard, R., Ghanami, Z., Ghafoory, N., Balali, M., & Faridan, M. (2024). Comparing classic regression with credit scorecard model for predicting sick building syndrome risk: A machine learning perspective in environmental assessment. Building and Environment, 111351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111351
• Jin, Y., Chen, W., Hu, J., Wang, J., & Ren, H. (2024). Constructions of quorum sensing Signaling network for activated sludge microbial community. ISME Communications, ycae018. https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycae018
• Kischkel, B., Souza, G. K., Chiavelli, L. U. R., Pomini, A. M., Svidzinski, T. I. E., & Negri, M. (2020). The ability of farnesol to prevent adhesion and disrupt Fusarium keratoplasticum biofilm. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 104(1), 377-389.
• Kruppa, M. 2008. Quorum sensing and Candida albicans. Mycoses, 52: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01626.x
• Kuhn, D. M., & Ghannoum, M. (2003). Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: infectious disease perspective. Clinical microbiology reviews, 16(1), 144-172. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.16.1.144-172.2003
• Lindsay AK, Deveau A, Piispanen AE, Hogan DA (2012) Farnesol and cyclic AMP signaling effects on the hypha-to-yeast transition in Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 11(10):1219–1225. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.00144-12
• Lingappa B.T., Prasad M., Lingappa Y., Hunt D.F., Biemann K., (1969). Phenethyl alcohol and tryptophol: autoantibiotics produced by the fungus Candida albicans. Science; 163: 192–194. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.163.3863.192
• London Hazards Centre. (1990). Sick building syndrome: Causes, effects and control. London Hazards Centre Trust.
• Manoharachary, C., Tilak, K. V. B. R., Mallaiah, K. V., & Kunwar, I. K. (2016). Mycology and microbiology (A textbook for UG and PG courses). Scientific Publishers.
• Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Haller, (1768). Aspergillus spp. IRMNG taxon details, Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Haller, 1768, https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1011926
• Money, N. (2024). Molds, Mushrooms, and Medicines: Our Lifelong Relationship with Fungi. Princeton University Press.
• Nag, A. (2024). CRISPR-Cas System and its Role in Quorum-Sensing Processes of Bacteria and Fungi. In Gene Editing in Plants: CRISPR-Cas and Its Applications (pp. 817-838). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
• Odds FC, 1988. Candida and candidosis: a review and bibliography, 2 nd edt., Bailliere Tindall, London, UK, p. 468.
• Oh K.B., Miyazawa H., Naito T., Matsuoka H., (2001). Purification and characterization of an autoregulatory substance capable of regulating the morphological transition in Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA); 98:4664– 4668. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.071404698
• Owhonka, A., Meka, O., & Victoria, E. F. (2024). Assessment of Airborne Microbial Composition and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles in Dumpsite Environments within Rivers State University. Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 24(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i1782
• Padder, S. A., Prasad, R., Shah, A. H. (2018). Quorum sensing: a less known mode of communication among fungi. Microbiol Res, 210: 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2018.03.007
• Raina, S., Odell, M., Keshavarz, T. 2010. Quorum sensing as a method for improving 643 sclerotiorin production in Penicillium sclerotiorum. J. Biotechnol, 148: 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.04.009
• Rainer J, Peintner U, Pöder R. 2000. Biodiversity and concentration of airborne fungi in a hospital environment. Mycopathologia, 2000;149:87–97.
• Rigling, D., & Prospero, S. (2018). Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight: invasion history, population biology and disease control. Molecular plant pathology, 19(1), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12542
• Schmidt, R., Etalo, D. W., Jager, V., Gerards, S., Zweers, H., Boer, W., Garbeva, P. 2016. Microbial small talk: volatiles in fungal–bacterial interactions. Front Microbiol, 6(1495): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01495
• Sharma, A., Singh, P., Sarmah, B. K., & Nandi, S. P. (2020). Quorum sensing: its role in microbial social networking. Research in microbiology, 171(5-6), 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2020.06.003
• Singh, Y. (2023). A Textbook Of Fungi, Bacteria And Viruses. Academic Guru Publishing House.
• Weber K.,Schulz B., Ruhnke M., (2010). The quorum sensing molecule E-E farnesol; its variable secretion and its impact on the growth and metabolism of Candida species. Yeast. 27:727-739. https://doi.org/10.1002/yea.1769
• Wuster A, Babu MM (2010) Transcriptional control of the quorum sensing response in yeast. Mol Biosyst 6:134–141. https://doi.org/10.1039/b913579k
• Wuster A, Babu MM (2007) Chemical molecules that regulate transcription and facilitate cell-to-cell communication. In: Begley TP (ed) Wiley encyclopedia of chemical biology. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470048672.wecb501
• Yücel A. 1999. Medical Mycology: Yesterday and Today. Cerrahpasa Journal of Medicine, 1999; 30(2):191-198.
• Zhang, L., Wang, S., Ruan, S., Nzabanita, C., Wang, Y., & Guo, L. (2023). A mycovirus VIGS vector confers hypovirulence to a plant pathogenic fungus to control wheat FHB. Advanced Science, 10(29), 2302606. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202302606
• Zupan J, Avbelj M, Butinar B, Kosel J, Šergan M, Raspor P (2013) Monitoring of quorum-sensing molecules during minifermentation studies in wine yeast. J Agric Food Chem 61:2496–2505. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3051363