SECRET TINY TALK COMMENTARY OF FUNGI: YEAST AND MOLD AS FORZANDO CANDIDIASIS DISEASE ‘CANDIDA ALBICANS’

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 10 - 21, 01.08.2024

Nurdan Filik

https://doi.org/10.55549/zbs.1483208

Abstract

The Quorum Sensing System (QS) an interbacterial communication system, which causes disease by triggering virulence, is now accepted and proven. The most important of this cellular communication network are signaling molecules. The general name of the signaling molecule mentioned here is Quorum Sensing Molecules (QSMs); specifically, the most famous molecule is N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHLs). This sophisticated mode of cell-to-cell signalling, known as QS, was first discovered in marin bacteria as Vibrio fischeri. While investigating many research questions, V. fischeri was studied and sampled as a QS model organism. However, awareness of communication in this bacteria has raised the question of whether other tiny creatures in the microorganism world use QS system. Recent studies have proven that yeast and molds also communicate with each other using QS system. Molds and yeast, which are mycological organisms, use QS system, but the details are not yet known. In this manuscript, we review the information available to date on these processes in yeast and mold. We disscussed the diverse chemical ‘languages’ used by yeast and mold, their possible cross-talk and interkingdom interactions with other organisms. Cosmopalitan Candida albicans is a common cause of mucosal infections. In certain groups of immunocompromised patients it also causes life-threatening bloodstream infections that are disseminated to internal organs. It is a polymorphic fungus, being able to grow in yeast, hyphal and pseudohyphal forms. The hyphal form penetrates epithelia and endothelia, causing tissue damage and allowing access to the bloodstream. We discuss the role of QS in fungal colonisation pathogenesis. This review describes of the network of signal transduction pathways that monitors environmental cues to activate a programme of hypha-specific gene transcription, and the molecular processes that drive the highly polarized growth of hyphae.

Keywords

Yeast and mold, Quorum sensing system (QS), N-Acyl Homoserine Lacton (AHLs), Quorum sensing molecules (QSMs), Candida albicans, Fungal diseases

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