Konaklama İşletmelerinde Algılanan Örgütsel Adaletin Yenilikçi Davranışa Etkisinde Kariyer Memnuniyetinin Aracılık Etkisi

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 99 - 122, 01.06.2012

Dr.Mazlum Çelik

Öz

İşletmelerin rekabet yarışında onlara önemli katkı sağlayan yenilikçi davranışların ortaya çıkmasında çalışanların adalet algılarının etkisinin belirlenmesi ve bu etkide kariyer memnuniyetlerinin aracılık rolünün ortaya konulması bu araştırmanın sorunsalıdır. Antalya kent merkezinde faaliyet gösteren küçük ölçekli konaklama işletmelerinde çalışanlar üzerinde yapılan araştırma sonucunda çalışanların adalet algılarının hem yenilikçi davranışlar hem de kariyer memnuniniyetleri üzerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan hiyerarşik regrasyon analizleri sonucunda kariyer memnuniyetinin dağıtım adaleti ile yenilikçi davranış arasında tam, diğer iki boyut (prosedür ve etkileşim) ile yenilikçi davranışlar arasında kısmi aracılık etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar Kelimeler: Algılanan Örgütsel Adalet(AÖA), Kariyer Memnuniyeti (KM), Yenilikçi Davranış (YD)

Mediation Effect Of The Career Satisfaction on The Effect of The Perceived Organizational Justice on Innovative Behavior in Accommodation Businesses

Öz

Defining the effect of the justice perceptions of the employees on the innovative behaviors making important contributions in the competitive rivalry of the businesses and introducing the mediation role of the career satisfaction in this effect are the questions of the research. It is determined as a result of the study conducted on the employees working in small-scale accommodation businesses operating in city center of Antalya that the justice perception of the employees has effect on both their innovative behaviors and career satisfactions. In addition, as a consequence of the conducted hierarchical regression analyses it is defined that the career satisfaction has a full mediation effect between the distributive justice and innovative behavior, and a partial mediation effect on the other two dimensions (procedural and interactional) and innovative behaviors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Key Words: Perceived Organizational Justice (POJ), Career Satisfaction (CS), Innovative Behavior (IB)

Kaynakça

• Abbey. A,. ve Dickson, J. W. (1983), R&D Work Climate and Innovation in Semi- conductors. Academy of Management lournal. 26, s.362-368.
• Adams, J. S. (1965), Inequity in Social Exc- hange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 2, s. 267–299). New York: Academic Press.
• Akkoç İ., Turunç Ö. ve Çalışkan A. (2011), Gelişim Kültürü Ve Lider Desteğinin Yenilikçi Davranış ve İş Performansına Etkisi: İş-Aile Çatışmasının Aracılık Rolü, "İş, Güç" Endüstri İlişkileri Ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 13:4, s. 83-114.
• Amabile, T.M. (1983), The Social Psychology of Creativity: A Componential Concep- tualization. Journal of Personality & So- cial Psychology, 45, s.357–376.
• Ang S., Dyne, L. V.ve Begley T. M., (2003), The Employment Relationships of Fo- reign Workers Versus Local Employees: A Field Study of Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Performance and OCB, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, s.561–583.
• Arslan, Ö., (2003), Küçük Ve Orta Ölçekli İş- letmelerde Çalışma Sermayesi Ve Bazı Finansal Yönetim Uygulamaları, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4:1, s. 121-135.
• Arslantaş, C. C. (2005), Algılanan Adaletin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerin- deki Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Gör- gül Bir Çalışma, Akademik Fener, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Bandırma İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2:4, s.205-218.
• Bakhshi A., Kumar K., Rani E., (2009), Or- ganizational Justice Perceptions as Pre- dictor Organization Commitment, Internatio- nal Journal of Business and Manage- ment, 4:9, s. 145-154. and
• Barclay, L. J., Skarlicki, D. P., ve Pugh, S. D. (2005), Exploring the Role of Emotions in Injustice Perceptions and Retalia- tion”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, s.629–643.
• Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986), The Mo- derator Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Con- ceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Consi- derations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, s.1173-1182.
• Bateman, T. S. ve D. W. Organ (1983), Job Sa- tisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Re- lationship Employee Citizenship, Academy of Ma- nagement Journal, 26, s. 587–595. and
• Beugre, C. D. (2002), Understanding Orga- nizational Justice and Its Impact on Ma- naging Perspective, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13:7 s. 1091-1104. An African
• Bies, R. J. (2001), International (in)Justice: The Sacred and the Profane. In J. Gre- enberg & R. Cropanzano (Eds.), Ad- vances in Organization Justice (s. 89–118). Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Uni- versity Press.
• Bies, R. J., ve Moag, J. F. (1986). Interactional Justice: Communication Criteria of Fa- irness. Research on Negotiations in Or- ganizations, 1, s. 43–55.
• Boles, J. S., Wood, J. A. ve Johnson, J. (2003). Interrelationships of Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, and Work-Family Conflict With Different Facets Of Job Satisfac- tion and the Moderating Effects of Gen- der. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 23:2, s.99-113.
• Bolwijn P. T. ve T. Kumpe (1990), Manufac- turing in the 1990s—Productivity, Fle- xibility and Innovation,” Long Range Planning, 23, s.44–7.
• Byrne Z. S., (2005), Fairness Reduces the Ne- gative Effects of Organizational Politics On Turnover Intentions, Citizenship Behavior and Job Performance, Journal of Business and Psychology, 20:2, s.175- 200.
• Calantone, R.J., Cavusgil, T.S. ve Zhao, Y. (2002), Learning Orientation, Firm In- novation Capability, and Firm Perfor- mance. Management, 31:6, s. 515-524. Marketing
• Camison-Zornoza, C., Lapiedra-Alcami, R., Segarra-Cipres, M. ve Boronat-Navarro, M. (2004), A Meta-Analysis Of Innova- tion and Organizational Size. Organiza- tion Studies, 25, s.331–61.
• Carmeli, A., Meitar, R. ve Weisberg, J. (2006), Self-Leadership Skills and Abilities. In- ternational Journal of ManPower, 27, s.75-90.
• Chang J.C., H.C. Hsiao, S.C. Chen, C.P. Chen, C.M. Chou ve C-H. Shen (2011), The Role of Perception of Effort-Reward in the Relationship Between Team Co- hesion and Innovative Work Behaviour, 2nd WIETE Annual Conference on En- gineering and Technology Education, Pattaya, Thailand, 25-28 January 2011
• Chang, C-C. ve Dubinsky A. J. (2005), Orga- nizational Justice in the Sales Force: A Literature Review With Propositions," Journal of Business-to-Business Marke- ting, 12:1, s.35-71.
• Chao C-Y., Lin Y-S., Cheng Y-L. ve Tseng Y- C. (2010), Employee Innovation, Su- pervisory Leadership, Organizational Justice, And Organizational Culture in Taiwan’s Manufacturing Industry, Af- rican Journal of Business Management , 5:6, S. 2501-2511.
• Chebat, J. ve Slusarczyk, W. (2005), How Emotions Mediate The Effects of Per- ceived Injustice On Loyalty in Service Recover Situations: An Empirical Study”, Journal of Business Research, 58, s.664–673.
• Colquitt J. A., Scott B. A., Judge T. A. ve Shaw J. C. (2006), Justice and Persona- lity: Using Integrative Theories to De- rive Moderators of Justice Effects, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100, s.110–127.
• Colquitt, J.A., Conlon, D.E., Wesson, M.J., Porter, C.O.L.H. ve Ng, K.Y.(2001), Jus- tice at the Millennium - a Meta-analytic Review of the 25 Years of Organizatio- nal Justice Research. J. of Applied Psychology, June, s.425-445.
• Cook, P. (1998), The Creativity Advantage – Is Your Organization Leader Of The Pack. Industrial and commercial trai- ning. 30:5, s.179-184.
• Cooper J.R. (1998), A Multidimensional Approach to the Adoption of Innova- tion’. Management Decision, 36:8, s.493- 502.
• Cropanzano R., Bowen D.E. ve Gilliland S.W. (2007), The Management of Orga- nizational Justice. Acad. Manage. Pers- pect. Nov., s. 34-48.
• Cropanzano, R. ve Folger, R. (1996), Proce- dural Justice and Worker Motivation. In Steers, R.M., Porter, L.W. and Bigley, G.A. (Eds.), Motivation and Leadership at Work, s. 72 – 83, New York: McGraw- Hill.
• Cropanzano, R., Byrne, Z. S., Bobocel, D. R. ve Rupp, D. E. (2001), Moral Virtues, Fairness Heuristics, Social Entities, And Other Denizens of Organizational Jus- tice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, s. 164–209.
• Damanpour, F. (1991), Organizational Inno- vation: A Meta-analysis of Effects of De- terminants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34:3, s.555-590.
• Damanpour, F. ve Evan, W.M., (1984), Or- ganisational Innovation and Perfor- mance: The Problem of “Organisational Lag”. Administrative Science Quar- terly, 29:3, s.392-409.
• Dawis, R. W. ve Lofquist, L. H. (1984), A Psychological Theory of Work Adjust- ment, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
• Dinç, A., Ceylan A.,(2008), Kaçak Elektrik Kullanımıyla İlgili İdare Çalışanı Tutu- munun Örgütsel Adalet ve İş Memnu- niyeti İle İlişkisi, Çalışma Gruplarına Göre Farklılıklar. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 9: 2, s.13-29.
• Doğan, Ö.İ., Marangoz M. ve Topoyan M. (2003), İşletmelerin İç ve Dış Pazarda Rekabet Gücünü Etkileyen Faktörler ve Bir Uygulama, Dokuz Eylül Üni. Sos. Bil. Ens. Dergisi, 5:2, s. 114-139.
• Elamin A.M., Alomaim N., (2011), Does Or- ganizational Justice Influence Job Satis- faction and Self-Perceived Performance in Saudi Arabia Work Environment?, International Management Review, 7:1, s. 38-49.
• Erdem B., (2004), Otel İşletmelerinde İnsan Kaynakları Planlamasının Yeri ve Önemi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bi- limler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7:11, s.35-54.
• Erez, M. ve Earley, P.C. (1993), Culture, Self- Identity, and Work, Oxford University Press, New York.
• Erkutlu, H. (2008), Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışları İle Örgütsel Adalet Kav- ramları Arasındaki İlişkide Örgüt Kül- türünün Düzenleyici Rolü”, 16. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bil- diriler Kitabı, İstanbul Kültür Üniversi- tesi, 16-18 Mayıs, s. 224-230.
• Folger, R., ve Konovsky, M. A. (1989), Effects of Procedural and Distributive Justice on Reaction to Pay Raise Decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 32:1, s.115 – 30.
• Giddens, A. (1995), The Constitution of So- ciety. Cambridge, Polity Press.
• Greenberg, J. (1987), A Taxonomy of Orga- nizational Justice Theories, Academy of Management Review, 12:1, s. 9-22.
• Greenberg, J. (1990), Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Jour- nal of Management, 16: 2, s.399-432.
• Greenberg, J. (1993), Stealing in the Name of Justice: Informational and Interpersonal Moderators of Theft Reactions to Un- derpayment Inequity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Proces- ses, 54, s.81–103.
• Greenhaus J. H., (1990), Effects of Race on Organisational Experiences, Job Perfor- mance Evaluations and Career Outco- mes. Academy of Management Journal. 33:1, s. 64-86.
• Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., ve Worm- ley, W. M. (1990), Effects of Race On Or- ganizational Performance Evaluations, And Career Outcomes, Academy of Management Journal, 33, s.64–86. Job
• Han (Helen) G. ve Jekel M. (2011), The Me- diating Role Of Job Satisfaction Bet- ween Leader-Member Exchange and Turnover Intentions, Journal of Nursing Management, 19, s. 41–49
• Harrison-Walker, L. J. (2001), The Measure- ment of Word-of- Mouth Communica- tion and an Investigation of Service Quality and Customer Commitment As Potential Antecedents, Journal of Ser- vice Research, 4, s.60–75.
• Heslin, Peter A. (2005), Conceptualizing and Evaluating Career Success. Journal of Organisational Behaviour. 26, s. 113- 136.
• Hofmans, J., Dries N. ve Pepermans, R.,(2008), The Career Satisfaction Scale: Response Bias Among Men and Women, Journal of Vocational Beha- vior, 73, s.397–403.
• Homans, G. C. (1961), Social Behaviour: Its Elementary Forms. New York: Harco- urt, Brace & World, Inc.
• Jahangır, N., Akbar M. ve Begum, N. (2006), The Role of Social Power, Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment, and Job Satisfaction to Engerder Orga- nizational Citizenship Behavior, ABAC Journal, 26(3), s. 21-36.
• Jansen, J. J., Van Den Bosch F. A. ve Vol- berda H. W. (2006), Exploratory Inno- vation, Exploitative Innovation, and Performance: Effects Of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Mode- rators”, Management Science, 52:11, s. 1661-1674.
• Janssen O, Van der Vliert E., West M.(2004), The Bright and Dark Sides of Individual and Group Innovation: A Special Issue Introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, s. 129–45.
• Janssen, O.(2001), Fairness Perceptions as a Moderator in the Curvilinear Relations- hips Between Job Demands, and Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Aca- demy of Management J., 44: 5, s.1039- 1050
• Kanter, R. (1988), When a Thousand Flowers Bloom: Structural, Collective and Social Conditions for Innovation at Work, In B.M. Staw & L.L. Cummings (Eds.), Re- search in Organizational Behavior, 10, s.169-211, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Karaeminoğulları, A. (2006), Öğretim Ele- manlarının Örgütsel Adalet Algıları İle Sergiledikleri Üretkenliğe Aykırı Dav- ranışlar Arasındaki İlişki ve Bir Araş- tırma, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul.
• Karcıoğlu, F. ve Türker E.. (2010), Psikolojik Sözleşme İle Örgütsel Bağlılık İlişkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Uygu- lama, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24:2, s. 121-140.
• Kickul, J., Gundry L. K. ve Posig M.,(2005), Does Trust Matter? The Relationship Between Equity Sensitivity and Percei- ved Organizational Justice, Journal of Business Ethics 56: s. 205–218.
• King, L., Mattimore, L., King, D. ve Adams, G. (1995), Family Support Inventory for Workers: A New Measure of Perceived Social Support From Family Members, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16:3, s. 235-259.
• Konovsky, M.A. ve Cropanzano, R. (1991), Perceived Fairness of Employee Drug Testing as a Predictor of Employee At- titudes and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,76, s.698-707.
• Korsgaard, M.A., Schweiger, D.M. ve Sapi- enza, H.J., (1995), Building Commit- ment, Attachment, and Trust in Strategic Decision-making Team: The Role of Procedural Justice, Academy of Management Journal, 38:1, s.60-84.
• Koys D., DeCotiis T.A. (1991), Inductive Measures of Psychological Climate. Hum. Relat., 44:3, s. 265-285.
• Kuerer, H. M., Eberlein T. J., Pollock R. E., Huschka M., Baile W. F., Morrow M., Michelassi F., Singletary S. E., Novotny P., Sloan J. ve Shanafelt T. D. (2007), Ca- reer Satisfaction, Practice Patterns and Burnout among Surgical Oncologists: Report on the Quality of Life of Mem- bers of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Annals of Surgical Oncology 14:11, s.3043–3053.
• Ladebo O. J. (2008), Perceived Supervisory Support and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours: Is Job Satisfaction a Media- tor?, South African Journal of Psycho- logy, 38:3, s. 479 - 488.
• Lawler E. E. ve Suttlee J. L.(1973), Expec- tancy Theory and Job Behavior, Orga- nizational Behavior And Human Performance, 9, s. 482-503.
• Lepnurm R., Dobson R., Backman A., Kee- gan D. (2006), Factors Explaining Ca- reer Satisfaction Among Psychiatrists and Surgeons in Canada, Can J Psychi- atry, 51:4, s. 243-255.
• Lim Vıvıen K. G. (2002), The IT Way of Loa- fing on the Job: Cyberloafing, Neutrali- zing and Organizational Justice, Journal of Organizational Behavior J. Organiz. Behav. 23, s.675–694.
• Lindquist, T. M. (1995), Fairness As an An- tecedent to Participative Budgeting: Examining The Effects of Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice and Referent Cognitions On Satisfaction and Perfor- mance, Journal of Management Acco- unting Research, 7, s.122-147.
• McFarlin, D. B. ve Sweeney, P. D. (1992), Dis- tributive and Procedural Justice as Pre- dictors of Satisfaction With Personal and Organizational Outcomes. Aca- demy of Management Journal, 35:3, s.626-637.
• Mohamed A. K. M.(2002). Assessing Deter- minant of Departmental Innovation. Personal Review, 31, s. 620-641.
• Moorman, R.H. (1991), Relationship Bet- ween Organizational Justice and Orga- nizational Citizenship Behaviors: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence Emplo- yee Citizenship?, Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, s.6.
• Mumford, M.D., Scott, G.M., Gaddis, B. ve Strange, J.M. (2002), Leading Creative People: Orchestrating Expertise and Re- lationships. Leadership Quarterly, 13, s.705–50.
• Nerkar., A. A, McGrath R. G. ve MacMillan I. C. (1996), Three Facets of Satisfaction and Their Influence on the Performance of Innovation Teams, Journal of Busi- ness Venturing, 11, s. 167–188,
• Niehoff, R.T., Moorman, R.H, (1993), Justice As a Mediator of the Relationship Bet- weenmethods of Monitoring and Orga- nizational Academy of Management Journal, 36:3, s.527-556. Behavior,
• OECD Oslo Manual(1997), Proposed Guide- lines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data, TheMe- saurement Of Scientific And Technolo- gical Activities, European Commission, Eurostat, h t t p : / / w w w . o e c d . o r g / d a t a - oecd/35/61/2367580.pdf Paris,
• Oldham, G.R. ve Cummings, A. (1996), Em- ployee Creativity: Personal and Con- textual Factors at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 39, s.607−634.
• Organ, D. W. (1988), Organizational Citi- zenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
• Organ, D. W. (1997), Organizational citi- zenship Behaviour: It’s Construct Clean-Up Time, Human Performance, 10, s. 85–97.
• Ornstein, S., Cron, W. L., ve Slocum, J. W. (1989), Life Stages Versus Career Stage: A Comparative Test of he Theories of Levinson and Super. Journal of Organi- zational Behavior, 10, s.117–133.
• Ryan, A. M., ve Ployhart, R. E. (2000), App- licants’ Perceptions of Selection Proce- dures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future. Journal of Management, 26, s. 565-606.
• Sanders, K., Moorkamp M., Torka N., Groe- neveld S. ve Groeneveld C. (2010), How to Support Innovative Behaviour? The Role of LMX and Satisfaction with HR Practices, Technology and Invest- ment, 1, s. 59-68
• Schein, E.H.(1978), Career Dynamics: Matc- hing Individual and Organisational Needs. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley in Heslin, Peter A. (2005) Conceptuali- zing and Evaluating Career Success. Jo- urnal of Organisational Behaviour. 26, s.113-136.
• Scott, S. G., ve Bruce, R. A. (1994), Determi- nants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in The Workplace, Academy of Management Journal, 37:3, s. 580-607.
• Sekaran, U. (1992), Research Methods for Business, Canada: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Slappendel, C. (1996), Perspectives on Inno- vation in Organisations. Organization Studies, 17:1, s. 107-129.
• Stouffer, S., Lumsdaine A., Lumsdaine M., Williams R., vd. (1949), The American Soldier. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Uni- versity Press.
• Sullivan, S. E., Carden, W. A., ve Martin, D. F. (1998), Careers in the Next Millen- nium: A Reconceptualization of Tradi- tional Career Theory. Human Resource Management Review, 8, s. 165–185.
• Taylor A.J.W. (2003), Justice as a Basic Human Need, New Ideas in Psycho- logy 21, s. 209–219
• Thibaut, J. ve L. Walker (1975), Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis, Hills- dale, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Thibaut, J. ve L. Walker (1978), A Theory of Procedure, California Law Review, 66:3, s.541- 566.
• Tremblay, M., B. Sire ve D. B. Balkin, (2000), The role of or-Ganizational Justice in Pay and Employee Benefit Satisfaction, and Its Effects on Work Attitudes, Group and Organization Management, 25, s.269–290.
• Van de ven, A. (1986), Central Problems in the Management of Innovation. Mana- gement Science, 32:5, s.590-607.
• Vroom V.H. (1960), Some Personality De- terminants of the Effect of Participation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Wang, C. L. ve Pervaiz K. A. (2004), The De- velopment and Validation of the Orga- nisational Innovativeness Construct Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, European Journal of Innovation Mana- gement, 7:4, s.303-13.
• West, M. A. ve Farr, J. L. (1989), Innovation at Work: Psychological Perspectives, Social Behavior, 4, s. 15–30.
• Williams, S. (1999), The Effect of Distrıbutive and Prosedural Fustice On Perfor- mance, The Journal of Psychology, 133:2, s.183-193.
• Woodman R.W., Sawyer J.E. ve Griffin R.W. (1993). Toward a Theory of Organiza- tional Creativity. Academy of Manage- ment Review, 18(2):293–321.
• Zhou, J. (2003), When The Presence of Crea- tive Coworkers is Related to Creativity: Role of Supervisor Close Monitoring, Developmental Feedback, and Creative Personality, Journal of Applied Psycho- logy, 88, s. 413-422.