Öz
Amaç: Serebral palsi (CP), merkezi sinir sisteminin ilerleyici olmayan bozulmasının sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan bir grup bozukluğu ifade eder. Çalışmamızın amacı, SP'li çocuklar için özel olarak evrensel tasarım kurallarına uygun olarak dizayn edilmiş okul ortamının SP'li çocukların katılım düzeyini nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, SERÇEV Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi'nde yapıldı. Okul ADA Çevre Değerlendirmesi ile incelendi. Okula katılımın analizini yapmak için öğrenci ve aile ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapıldı. Çocukların kaba motor becerileri Kaba Fonksiyon Sınıflandırma Sistemi (GMFCS) ile; el becerileri El Becerileri Sınıflandırma Sistemi (MACS) ile; iletişim becerileri ise İletişim Becerileri Sınıflandırma Sistemi (CFCS) ile değerlendirildi. Nicel veriler SPSS 21 ile değerlendirilirken; nitel veriler MAXQDA ile analiz edildi. Sonuçlar: Çalışmaya 15-20 yaş arası (ortalama 16.9 ± 1.3 yaş) 28 SP'li çocuk (e: 16, k: 12) dahil edildi. Asansör ve tuvalet kullanımı sırasındaki katılım sorunları ve rekreasyon alanlarının mimari yerleşimi okul katılımını olumsuz etkileyen sorunlar olarak tespit edildi (p<0.05). Tartışma: Evrensel tasarım prensiplerine uygun dizaynlar yapılmasının yanında ergoterapist ve mimarların ortak çalışma alanlarının geliştirilmesi engelli çocukların okullarda tam katılımlarının sağlamak için önemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Serebral palsi Çevre tasarımı Sosyal katılım Niteleyici araştırma Mimari erişilebilirlik
Kaynakça
- Anaby, D., Hand, C., Bradley, L., DiRezze, B., Forhan, M., DiGiacomo, A., et al. (2013). The effect of the environment on participation of children and youth with disabilities: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil, 35(19), 1589-1598.
- Anaby, D., Law, M., Coster, W., Bedell, G., Khetani, M., Avery, L., et al. (2014). The mediating role of the environment in explaining participation of children and youth with and without disabilities across home, school, and community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 95(5), 908-917.
- Di Marino, E., Tremblay, S., Khetani, M., & Anaby, D. (2018). The effect of child, family and environmental factors on the participation of young children with disabilities. Disabil Health J, 11(1), 36-42.
- Eliasson, A. C., Krumlinde-Sundholm, L., Rösblad, B., Beckung, E., Arner, M., Öhrvall, A. M., et al. (2006). The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability. Dev Med Child Neurol, 48(7), 549-554.
- Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs, 62(1), 107-115.
- Hidecker, M. J. C., Ho, N. T., Dodge, N., Hurvitz, E. A., Slaughter, J., Workinger, M. S., et al. (2012). Inter‐relationships of functional status in cerebral palsy: analyzing gross motor function, manual ability, and communication function classification systems in children. Dev Med Child Neurol, 54(8), 737-742.
- Hidecker, M. J. C., Paneth, N., Rosenbaum, P. L., Kent, R. D., Lillie, J., Eulenberg, J. B., et al. (2011). Developing and validating the Communication Function Classification System for individuals with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol, 53(8), 704-710.
- King, G., Lawm, M., King, S., Rosenbaum, P., Kertoy, M. K., & Young, N. L. (2003). A conceptual model of the factors affecting the recreation and leisure participation of children with disabilities. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr, 23(1), 63-90.
- Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. Am Psychol, 55(1), 170.
- Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychol Bull, 125(6), 701.
- Lauterpacht, H. (1948). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Brit. YB Int'l L., 25, 354.
- Law, M., Finkelman, S., Hurley, P., Rosenbaum, P., King, S., King, G., et al. (2004). Participation of children with physical disabilities: relationships with diagnosis, physical function, and demographic variables. Scand J Occup Ther, 11(4), 156-162.
- Law, M., Haight, M., Milroy, B., Willms, D., Stewart, D., & Rosenbaum, P. (1999). Environmental factors affecting the occupations of children with physical disabilities. Journal of occupational science, 6(3), 102-110.
- Lawlor, K., Mihaylov, S., Welsh, B., Jarvis, S., & Colver, A. (2006). A qualitative study of the physical, social and attitudinal environments influencing the participation of children with cerebral palsy in northeast England. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 9(3), 219-228.
- Lenker, J., & Perez, B. (2014). The role of occupational therapists in universal design research. Occupational Therapy Now, 16(5), 13.
- Özhancı, E., Aklıbaşında, M., & Tırnakçı, A. (2018). The disability standards and unimpeded design at Nevşehir Haci Bektas Veli Unıversity Campus. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 7(1), 83-92.
- Rosenbaum, P., Palisano, R., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E., & Galuppi, B. (1997). Gross motor function classification system (gmfcs). Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, 214-23.
- Tieman, B. L., Palisano, R. J., Gracely, E. J., & Rosenbaum, P. L. (2004). Gross motor capability and performance of mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a comparison across home, school, and outdoors/community settings. Physical Therapy, 84(5), 419-429.
- World Health Organization. (2011). World report on disability: World Health Organization.
- Žgur, E. (2012). School process role for children with cerebral palsy. East J Med, 17(4), 213-216.
Öz
Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a group of disorders; occurring as a
result of a non-progressive impairment of the developing central nervous
system. The aim of our study is to identify how
universal designed school environment effects the participation level of the
children with CP. Material and Methods:
The study was done in SERÇEV Occupational and Technical Anatolian High School for
children ith CP. The school was evaluated by ADA Environment Assesment. Semi-structured interviews with the student
and the family were done to identify the barriers for school participation.
Children’s gross motor skills were evaluated by The Gross Motor Function
Classification System (GMFCS), hand functions by Manual Ability Classification
System (MACS) and communication skills by Communication Function Classification
System (CFCS). Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 and semi-structured
interviews were analized with MAXQDA. Results:
28 children with CP (m:16, f:12) between15-20 years (mean 16.9 ± 1.3 years)
were included. Participation problems during elevator and toilet use and architectural
layout of recreational areas were indicated as causes of participation problems
(p<0.05). Discussion: Additionally to design universal
designed schools; interdyciplinary team work including occupational therapists
and architects may improve school participation of children with disabilities.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cerebral palsy Environment design Social participation Qualitative research Architectural accessibility
Kaynakça
- Anaby, D., Hand, C., Bradley, L., DiRezze, B., Forhan, M., DiGiacomo, A., et al. (2013). The effect of the environment on participation of children and youth with disabilities: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil, 35(19), 1589-1598.
- Anaby, D., Law, M., Coster, W., Bedell, G., Khetani, M., Avery, L., et al. (2014). The mediating role of the environment in explaining participation of children and youth with and without disabilities across home, school, and community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 95(5), 908-917.
- Di Marino, E., Tremblay, S., Khetani, M., & Anaby, D. (2018). The effect of child, family and environmental factors on the participation of young children with disabilities. Disabil Health J, 11(1), 36-42.
- Eliasson, A. C., Krumlinde-Sundholm, L., Rösblad, B., Beckung, E., Arner, M., Öhrvall, A. M., et al. (2006). The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability. Dev Med Child Neurol, 48(7), 549-554.
- Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs, 62(1), 107-115.
- Hidecker, M. J. C., Ho, N. T., Dodge, N., Hurvitz, E. A., Slaughter, J., Workinger, M. S., et al. (2012). Inter‐relationships of functional status in cerebral palsy: analyzing gross motor function, manual ability, and communication function classification systems in children. Dev Med Child Neurol, 54(8), 737-742.
- Hidecker, M. J. C., Paneth, N., Rosenbaum, P. L., Kent, R. D., Lillie, J., Eulenberg, J. B., et al. (2011). Developing and validating the Communication Function Classification System for individuals with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol, 53(8), 704-710.
- King, G., Lawm, M., King, S., Rosenbaum, P., Kertoy, M. K., & Young, N. L. (2003). A conceptual model of the factors affecting the recreation and leisure participation of children with disabilities. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr, 23(1), 63-90.
- Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. Am Psychol, 55(1), 170.
- Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychol Bull, 125(6), 701.
- Lauterpacht, H. (1948). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Brit. YB Int'l L., 25, 354.
- Law, M., Finkelman, S., Hurley, P., Rosenbaum, P., King, S., King, G., et al. (2004). Participation of children with physical disabilities: relationships with diagnosis, physical function, and demographic variables. Scand J Occup Ther, 11(4), 156-162.
- Law, M., Haight, M., Milroy, B., Willms, D., Stewart, D., & Rosenbaum, P. (1999). Environmental factors affecting the occupations of children with physical disabilities. Journal of occupational science, 6(3), 102-110.
- Lawlor, K., Mihaylov, S., Welsh, B., Jarvis, S., & Colver, A. (2006). A qualitative study of the physical, social and attitudinal environments influencing the participation of children with cerebral palsy in northeast England. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 9(3), 219-228.
- Lenker, J., & Perez, B. (2014). The role of occupational therapists in universal design research. Occupational Therapy Now, 16(5), 13.
- Özhancı, E., Aklıbaşında, M., & Tırnakçı, A. (2018). The disability standards and unimpeded design at Nevşehir Haci Bektas Veli Unıversity Campus. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 7(1), 83-92.
- Rosenbaum, P., Palisano, R., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E., & Galuppi, B. (1997). Gross motor function classification system (gmfcs). Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, 214-23.
- Tieman, B. L., Palisano, R. J., Gracely, E. J., & Rosenbaum, P. L. (2004). Gross motor capability and performance of mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a comparison across home, school, and outdoors/community settings. Physical Therapy, 84(5), 419-429.
- World Health Organization. (2011). World report on disability: World Health Organization.
- Žgur, E. (2012). School process role for children with cerebral palsy. East J Med, 17(4), 213-216.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Eylül 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi by Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
