Organik Sistemde Kuru Kekik (Origanum vulgare L.) Yaprağı İlave Edilmiş Karma Yemle Beslenen Beç Tavuklarının (Numida meleagris) Refah Parametreleri
Öz
Bu araştırma, standart beç tavuklarının (Numida meleagris) organik sistemde diyetlerine kuru kekik (Origanum vulgare L. KY) yaprak tozu ilavesinin refah parametrelerini ve kan serumunda bazı biyokimyasal özelliklerini saptamak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Standart beç tavuğu genotipinden günlük yaşta toplam 240 karışık cinsiyette civcivler rastgele 3 tekerrürlü olmak üzere 4 deneme grubuna dağıtılmıştır. Hayvanlar on altı haftalık süre boyunca temel karma yemde kontrol (0 g/kg), 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg ve 15 g/kg KY içeren karma yemler ile beslenmişlerdir. Tonik immobilite (TI), göreceli asimetri (GA), dalgalı asimetri (DA), rektal sıcaklık (RS) ve kan serumunda bazı biyokimyasal parametreler ölçülmüştür. 6, 10, 14. haftalarda ölçülen tonik immobilite (TI), tonik immobilite induksiyon sayısı (TIS) ve rektal sıcaklık (RS) bakımından gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (P>0.05). Grupların, parmak phalanx uzunluğu ve tarsometatarsus genişlik ve uzunluğuna ait GA ve DA ile ilgili ortalama verileri arasında istatistiki bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir (P>0.05). Sonuç olarak, beç tavukları diyetine kekik ilavesinin tonik immobilite, rektal sıcaklık, göreceli ve dalgalı asimetri gibi refah parametreleri üzerine etkisi gözlenmemiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Göreceli asimetri organik üretim kekik serum biyokimyasal beç tavuğu tonik immobilite refah göstergesi
Destekleyen Kurum
ivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi CUBAP
Proje Numarası
ENF-006
Teşekkür
Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi CUBAP tarafından ENF–006 numaralı Araştırma Projesi olarak desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Bizeray, D., Estevez, I., Leterrier, C., Faure, J.M., 2002. Influence of increased environmental complexity on leg condition, performance, and level of fearfulness in broilers. Poultry Science, 81:767–773.
- Broom, D.M., 2006. Behaviour and welfare in relation to pathology. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 97:73–83.
- Campo, J. L., M. G. Gil, I. Mun˜ oz, and M. Alonso. 2000. Relationships between bilateral asymmetry and tonic immobility reaction or heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in five breeds of chickens. Poult. Sci. 79:453–459.
- Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Dávila, S.G., 2008. Effects of housing system and cold stress on heterophil-tolymphocyte ratio, fluctuating asymmetry, and tonic immobility duration of chickens. Poultry Science, 87:621–626.
- Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Muñoz, I., Alonso, M., 2000. Relationships between bilateral asymmetry and tonic immobility reaction or heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in five breeds of chickens. Poultry Science, 79(4):453–459.
- Campo, J.L., Prieto, M.T., 2009. Associations among fluctuating asymmetry, duration of tonic immobility, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and one-legged standing, crooked toes, or footpad dermatitis in chickens. Poultry Science, 88:65–71.
- Dávila, S.G., Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Prieto, M.T., Torres, O., 2011. Effects of auditory and physical enrichment on 3 measurements of fear and stress (tonic immobility duration, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and fluctuating asymmetry) in several breeds of layer chicks. Poultry Science, 90:2459–2466.
- Dávila, S.G., Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Prieto, M.T., Torres, O., 2011. Effects of auditory and physical enrichment on 3 measurements of fear and stress (tonic immobility duration, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and fluctuating asymmetry) in several breeds of layer chicks. Poultry Science, 90:2459–2466.
- Eleroğlu, H., Yıldırım, A., Duman, M., Canikli, A., 2016. Organik sistemde kuru kekik (Origanum vulgare L.) yaprağı ilave edilmiş karma yemle beslenen beç tavuklarının (Numida meleagris) büyüme performansı ve karkas özellikleri. Ulusal Kümes Hayvanları Kongresi 2016, 5-8 Ekim 2016, s:410-424, Samsun.
- Eratalar SA. Beyaz hindilerde yerleşim sıklığının performans, karkas kalitesi ve bazı stres parametrelerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye. 2008.
- Fanatico, A.C., Born, H.M., 2001. Label Rouge: Pasture raised poultry in France. ATTRA publication. National Center for Appropriate Technology, Fayetteville, AR.
- Gentle, M.J., Jones, R.B., Woolley, S.C., 1989. Physiological changes during tonic immobility in Gallus gallus var domesticus. Physiology and Behaviour, 46:843-847.
- Giannenas, I, Florou-Paneri, P., Papazahariadou, M., Christaki, E., Botsoglou, N.A., ve Spais A.B. 2003. Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. Archiv für Tierernährung. 57(2):99-106.
- Jones, R.B., 1986. The tonic immobility reaction of the domestic fowl: a review. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 42: 82-96.
- Jones, R.B., 1995. Ontogeny of response to humans in handled and non-handled female domestic chicks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 42:261-269.
- Klingenberg CP (2003) A developmental perspective on developmental instability: theory, models, and mechanisms. In: Polak M (ed) Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 14–34
- Knierim, U., Van Dongen, S., Forkman, B., Tuyttens, F.A.M., Spinka, M., Campo, J.L., Weissengruber, G.E., 2007. Fluctuating asymmetry as an animal welfare indicator: A review of methodology and validity.Physiol. Behav. 92:398–421.
- Møller, A. P., G. S. Sanotra, and K. S. Vestergaard. 1995. Developmental stability in relation to population-density and breed of chickens Gallus gallus. Poult. Sci. 74:1761–1771.
- Møller, A. P., G. S. Sanotra, and K. S. Vestergaard. 1999. Developmental instability and light regime in chickens (Gallus gallus). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62:57–71.
- Nalubamba, K. S., B. M. Ntombi, and M. Masuku. 2010. Indices of health: Clinical haematology and body weights of free-range guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) from the southern province of Zambia. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9:1083–1086.
- Nääs, I.A., Sonoda, L.T., Romanini, C.E.B., Morello, G.M., Neves, H.A.F., Baracho, M.S., Souza, S.R.L.S., Menezes, A.G., Mollo Neto, M., Moura, D.J., Almeida Paz, I.C.L., 2008. Morphological asymmetry and broiler welfare. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 10(4):209-213.
- Nijhout HF, Davidowitz G (2003) Developmental perspectives on phenotypic instability, canalization, and fluctuating asymmetry. In: Polak M (ed) Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 3–13.
- NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
- Onbaşılar EE. Kanatlılarda stres. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 2005;15(2):30-35.
- OTE. 2010. Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik, T.C. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Resmi Gazete. 27676.
- Sarfo, G. K., Larbi, A., Hamidu, J. A., & Donkoh, A. 2018. Effect of direct-fed microbial addition in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) diets on performance and health responses. Poultry science, 97(6), 1909-1913.
- Satterlee, D. G., G. G. Cadd, and R. B. Jones. 2000. Developmental instability in Japanese quail genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness. Poult. Sci. 79:1710–1714.
- Tuyttens, F., Heyndrickx, M., De Boeck, M., Moreels, An., Van Nuffel, A., Van Poucke, E., Van Coillie, E., Van Dongen, S., Lens, L., 2008. Broiler chicken health, welfare and fluctuating asymmetry in organic versus conventional production systems. Livestock Science, 113(2):123-132.
- Tuyttens, F.A.M., 2003. Measures of developmental instability as integrated, a-posteriori indicators of farm animal welfare: a review. Animal Welfare, 2:535–540.
- Van Nuffel, A., Tuyttens, F.A.M., Van Dongen, S., Talloen, W., Van Poucke, E., Sonck, B., Lens, L., 2007. Fluctuating asymmetry in broiler chickens: A decision protocol for trait selection in seven measuring methods. Poultry Science, 86:2555-2568.
- Wareth, A.A.A. 2011. Effect of thyme, oregano and their major active components on performance and intestinal microbial populations of broilers. Institute of Animal Science. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität. http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert. Bonn.
- Yalçın, S., and P. B. Siegel. 2003. Exposure to cold or heat during incubation on developmental stability of broiler embryos. Poult. Sci. 82:1388–1392.
- Yalçın, S., S. Ozkan, L. Turkmut, and P. B. Siegel. 2001. Responses to heat stress in commercial and local broiler stocks. II. Developmental stability of bilateral traits. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:153–160.
- Yang, A. ve Siegel. P. B., 1998. Asymmetries and Heterosis of Bilateral Traits İn Parental Lines of Chickens and Their F1 Crosses. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 115:105–111
The welfare parameters of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Fed Diets Supplemented with Dry Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) Leaf under the Organic System
Öz
This study was conducted to determine the welfare indicators and some serum biochemical parameters of standard guinea fowl genotype fed diets supplemented with dry oregano (Origanum vulgare L., OV) leaf under organic housing system. A total of 240-day-old guinea fowl keets (mixed-sex) were allocated randomly into 4 dietary groups, each with 3 replicates. The birds were fed on the basal diet with supplementation of control (0 g/kg), 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg or 15 g/kg dry OV for 16 weeks. Tonic immobility (TI), relativite asymmetry (RA), fluctuating asymmetry (FA), rectal temperature and some biochemical parameters were measured. TI, duration of tonic immobility and rectal temperature had no significant differences among groups at 6, 10 and 14 weeks, respectively (P>0.05). There was not a significant difference (P>0.05) in the FA and RA of phalanx length, width and length of tarsometatarsus values among groups. Serum Na, Cl and mean corpuscular haemoglobin levels has significant differences among groups (P<0.05). It is concluded that dry oregano leaf supplemented diet of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) had no effect on measures of welfare parameters such as the fluctuating asymmetry, relativite asymmetry, tonic immobility and rectal temperatures.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fluctuating asymmetry organic production oregano serum biochemical guinea fowl tonic immobility welfare indicator
Proje Numarası
ENF-006
Kaynakça
- Bizeray, D., Estevez, I., Leterrier, C., Faure, J.M., 2002. Influence of increased environmental complexity on leg condition, performance, and level of fearfulness in broilers. Poultry Science, 81:767–773.
- Broom, D.M., 2006. Behaviour and welfare in relation to pathology. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 97:73–83.
- Campo, J. L., M. G. Gil, I. Mun˜ oz, and M. Alonso. 2000. Relationships between bilateral asymmetry and tonic immobility reaction or heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in five breeds of chickens. Poult. Sci. 79:453–459.
- Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Dávila, S.G., 2008. Effects of housing system and cold stress on heterophil-tolymphocyte ratio, fluctuating asymmetry, and tonic immobility duration of chickens. Poultry Science, 87:621–626.
- Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Muñoz, I., Alonso, M., 2000. Relationships between bilateral asymmetry and tonic immobility reaction or heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in five breeds of chickens. Poultry Science, 79(4):453–459.
- Campo, J.L., Prieto, M.T., 2009. Associations among fluctuating asymmetry, duration of tonic immobility, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and one-legged standing, crooked toes, or footpad dermatitis in chickens. Poultry Science, 88:65–71.
- Dávila, S.G., Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Prieto, M.T., Torres, O., 2011. Effects of auditory and physical enrichment on 3 measurements of fear and stress (tonic immobility duration, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and fluctuating asymmetry) in several breeds of layer chicks. Poultry Science, 90:2459–2466.
- Dávila, S.G., Campo, J.L., Gil, M.G., Prieto, M.T., Torres, O., 2011. Effects of auditory and physical enrichment on 3 measurements of fear and stress (tonic immobility duration, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and fluctuating asymmetry) in several breeds of layer chicks. Poultry Science, 90:2459–2466.
- Eleroğlu, H., Yıldırım, A., Duman, M., Canikli, A., 2016. Organik sistemde kuru kekik (Origanum vulgare L.) yaprağı ilave edilmiş karma yemle beslenen beç tavuklarının (Numida meleagris) büyüme performansı ve karkas özellikleri. Ulusal Kümes Hayvanları Kongresi 2016, 5-8 Ekim 2016, s:410-424, Samsun.
- Eratalar SA. Beyaz hindilerde yerleşim sıklığının performans, karkas kalitesi ve bazı stres parametrelerine etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye. 2008.
- Fanatico, A.C., Born, H.M., 2001. Label Rouge: Pasture raised poultry in France. ATTRA publication. National Center for Appropriate Technology, Fayetteville, AR.
- Gentle, M.J., Jones, R.B., Woolley, S.C., 1989. Physiological changes during tonic immobility in Gallus gallus var domesticus. Physiology and Behaviour, 46:843-847.
- Giannenas, I, Florou-Paneri, P., Papazahariadou, M., Christaki, E., Botsoglou, N.A., ve Spais A.B. 2003. Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. Archiv für Tierernährung. 57(2):99-106.
- Jones, R.B., 1986. The tonic immobility reaction of the domestic fowl: a review. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 42: 82-96.
- Jones, R.B., 1995. Ontogeny of response to humans in handled and non-handled female domestic chicks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 42:261-269.
- Klingenberg CP (2003) A developmental perspective on developmental instability: theory, models, and mechanisms. In: Polak M (ed) Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 14–34
- Knierim, U., Van Dongen, S., Forkman, B., Tuyttens, F.A.M., Spinka, M., Campo, J.L., Weissengruber, G.E., 2007. Fluctuating asymmetry as an animal welfare indicator: A review of methodology and validity.Physiol. Behav. 92:398–421.
- Møller, A. P., G. S. Sanotra, and K. S. Vestergaard. 1995. Developmental stability in relation to population-density and breed of chickens Gallus gallus. Poult. Sci. 74:1761–1771.
- Møller, A. P., G. S. Sanotra, and K. S. Vestergaard. 1999. Developmental instability and light regime in chickens (Gallus gallus). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62:57–71.
- Nalubamba, K. S., B. M. Ntombi, and M. Masuku. 2010. Indices of health: Clinical haematology and body weights of free-range guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) from the southern province of Zambia. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9:1083–1086.
- Nääs, I.A., Sonoda, L.T., Romanini, C.E.B., Morello, G.M., Neves, H.A.F., Baracho, M.S., Souza, S.R.L.S., Menezes, A.G., Mollo Neto, M., Moura, D.J., Almeida Paz, I.C.L., 2008. Morphological asymmetry and broiler welfare. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 10(4):209-213.
- Nijhout HF, Davidowitz G (2003) Developmental perspectives on phenotypic instability, canalization, and fluctuating asymmetry. In: Polak M (ed) Developmental instability: causes and consequences. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 3–13.
- NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
- Onbaşılar EE. Kanatlılarda stres. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 2005;15(2):30-35.
- OTE. 2010. Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik, T.C. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Resmi Gazete. 27676.
- Sarfo, G. K., Larbi, A., Hamidu, J. A., & Donkoh, A. 2018. Effect of direct-fed microbial addition in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) diets on performance and health responses. Poultry science, 97(6), 1909-1913.
- Satterlee, D. G., G. G. Cadd, and R. B. Jones. 2000. Developmental instability in Japanese quail genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness. Poult. Sci. 79:1710–1714.
- Tuyttens, F., Heyndrickx, M., De Boeck, M., Moreels, An., Van Nuffel, A., Van Poucke, E., Van Coillie, E., Van Dongen, S., Lens, L., 2008. Broiler chicken health, welfare and fluctuating asymmetry in organic versus conventional production systems. Livestock Science, 113(2):123-132.
- Tuyttens, F.A.M., 2003. Measures of developmental instability as integrated, a-posteriori indicators of farm animal welfare: a review. Animal Welfare, 2:535–540.
- Van Nuffel, A., Tuyttens, F.A.M., Van Dongen, S., Talloen, W., Van Poucke, E., Sonck, B., Lens, L., 2007. Fluctuating asymmetry in broiler chickens: A decision protocol for trait selection in seven measuring methods. Poultry Science, 86:2555-2568.
- Wareth, A.A.A. 2011. Effect of thyme, oregano and their major active components on performance and intestinal microbial populations of broilers. Institute of Animal Science. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität. http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert. Bonn.
- Yalçın, S., and P. B. Siegel. 2003. Exposure to cold or heat during incubation on developmental stability of broiler embryos. Poult. Sci. 82:1388–1392.
- Yalçın, S., S. Ozkan, L. Turkmut, and P. B. Siegel. 2001. Responses to heat stress in commercial and local broiler stocks. II. Developmental stability of bilateral traits. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:153–160.
- Yang, A. ve Siegel. P. B., 1998. Asymmetries and Heterosis of Bilateral Traits İn Parental Lines of Chickens and Their F1 Crosses. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 115:105–111
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | ENF-006 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
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Basılı ISSN:1302-3209 - Çevrimiçi ISSN:2147-9003
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