Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia

E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca

doi:10.37879/belleten.2022.427

Araştırma Makalesi

Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 86 Sayı: 306, 427 - 468, 11.08.2022

E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, Karyalı Bozburun Yarımadası’nın kuzey ve güneyinde (Bybassos ve Phoinix) karşımıza çıkan; iki farklı isim gibi görünmekle birlikte benzer işleve sahip Hemithea ve Eileithyia’nın bağlantısını, tanrıçalarla doğrudan ilişkili olan yazıt külliyatı (adak yazıtları), antik metinler, mitsel kurgular ve kısmen tarihsel coğrafyaya dayalı etimolojik olasılıklar ışığında sorgulamaktadır. Özellikle antik Akdeniz’de farklı lakaplar alan yeryüzü tanrıçalarıyla bağlantılı yerleşkelerin etimolojik ve topografik bağlamda irdelenen kökenleri göstermektedir ki Anadolu coğrafyasına yayılmış uzak hafızalar, gittikleri yerlerde ortak bazı kodların yansıması olmalıdır. Hatta farklı coğrafyalara ait olmalarına rağmen kutsiyet atfedilmiş olan sosyal buluşma/pazar işlevli ve “dişil” kimlikli kentçikler (Hemithea ile özdeş Kastabos ve Hemite yakınlarındaki Kastabala), böylesi bir hafızanın temsilcileri addedilebildiği gibi Anadolu’nun eski halklarının görünmeyen bağlarına (Geç Bronz Çağı’ndan itibaren) işaret ediyor dahi olabilir. Bozburun Yarımadası, Kilikya gibi görece uzak bölgelerdeki etnobotanik bulguların desteklediği bitkisel uygulamalardan anlaşıldığı gibi, tıbbi değeri yüksek flora zenginliğine bağlı olarak kendi çapında sağaltım ve sağlık alternatifleri sunan bir bölge olmalıydı. Sağlıkla ilişkisi kuzey ve güney sektörleriyle kısıtlı olmayıp orta alandaki Syrna ve Hydas gibi diğer tüm demoslarda çözümlerin sunulduğu bir bütün olarak ele alınmalıdır. Göründüğü kadarıyla kadın ve çocuk sağlığı, üreme, düşük, vb. konularda veya rahat bir doğum gerçekleştirmek isteyenler için yerel çözümler sunan belli başlı merkezlere sahipti. Bu merkezlerde özel reçeteler kullanılıyor, sedatif preparatlarla uygulanan enkoimesis, psikoterapi, bir trans ilah olan Artemis’in farklı tezahürleri Hemithea ve Eileithyia, hatta Apollon adına yapılan şifalı büyü gibi uygulamalar gerçekleştiriliyor olmalıydı. Bu kapsamda, erken dönemlerde karşımıza çıkan Hemithea, zamanla ismini, işlevini ve şöhretini Eileithyia’ya devretmiş olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bozburun, Sağlık, Kadın, Hemithea, Eileithyia, Enkoimesis, Şifalı Bitkiler, Psikoterapi

Kaynakça

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PHI Greek Inscriptions. Region: Central Greece (IG VII-IX) Megaris, Oropia and Boiotia; Peloponnessos (IG IV-[VI]), IG IV2 , 1; Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Crete (Inscriptiones Creticae: [IC] I, xvii 9)); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Cyclades, excl. Delos (IG XII,5), 1022); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Rhodes and S. Dodecanese (IG XII,1), Segre & Pugliese Carratelli, Tituli Camirenses (ASAtene 27-29) [Tit. Cam.]; Asia Minor: Caria, Rhodian Peraia; Megiste: CIG 4301

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 86 Sayı: 306, 427 - 468, 11.08.2022

E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427

Öz

The purpose of the study is to question the connection of Hemithea and Eleithyia, who appear in two sectors (Bybassos and Phoinix) lying to the north and south of the Karian Bozburun Peninsula, and have similar roles and functions though coined under two different names, in the light of the epigraphical corpus (votive inscriptions) that are directly related to the goddesses, ancient accounts, mythological constructs and etymological probabilities partially based on historical geography. The origins of the sites, which are interrogated in terms of etymology and topography and associated with the earthly goddesses named under several epithets, especially in the ancient Mediterranean, show that, the remote memories spread over the Anatolian geography must be the reflections of some common codes in the lands settled. Moreover, even though they belong to separate geographies, the two sanctified towns (Kastabos identified with Hemithea and, Kastabala near Hemite) having the social gathering/market functions and “feminine” identities, can be assumed as agents of such a memory and may even refer to the invisible bonds of the ancient communities of Anatolia (since the Late Bronze Age). The Bozburun Peninsula, as can be understood from the herbal practices supported by ethnobotanical findings in relatively distant regions such as Cilicia, should have been a region that offered treatment and wellness alternatives on its own, depending on the richness of flora with high medicinal value. Its relation with the issues of health is not restricted to the northern and southern parts, however needs to be considered in its entirety, where remedies were offered in all the other demoi, like the midmost settlements- Syrna and Hydas. By all appearances, the region possessed certain centers that provided local solutions in the matters of the women’s and children’s health, procreation, miscarriage, etc. or painless delivery. Special prescriptions, enkoimesis enforced with sedative preparates, psychotherapy, even curative sorcery practiced in the name of Hemithea and Eleithyia, as the diverse manifestations of the transdivinity Artemis and, even Apollo, must have been used and applied in these centers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bozburun, Health, Woman, Hemithea, Eileithyia, Enkoimesis, Herbaceous Plants, Psychotherapy

Kaynakça

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Williamson, Christina G., “A Carian Shrine in a Hellenising World”, de Hoz, M.- P., J. P. Sanchez Hernández ve C.M.Valero (eds.) Between Tarhuntas and Zeus Polieus: Cultural Crossroads in the Temples and Cults of Graeco-Roman Anatolia (2016), s. 75-101, Colloquia Antiqua 17. Peeters, Leuven, Paris, Bristol.
Wise, Susan, Childbirth Votives and Rituals in Ancient Greece (PhD dissertation), University of Cincinnati 2007.
Zeyrek, Hacı T. - Zeyrek, Ali. N. - K. Şahin, Gülseren, “Kastabala Antik Kenti Kazıları 2013”, KST 36/1 (2014), s. 153-166.
AvP XI.1 (O. Ziegenaus and G. De Luca, Das Asklepieion. Der südliche Temenosbezirk in Hellenistischer und Frührömischer Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon XI.1. Berlin 1968.
Encyclopedia Mythica, Eileithyia. Online: http://www.pantheon.org/articles/e/ eileithyia.html (03.05.2020)
http: //dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.18017
http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg001.perseuseng1:667-677.
http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_pe_04_book4.htm#48
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunisosbd/issue/36248/408480
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(10)92013-8
https://linearbknossosmycenae.com (18.12.2020)
https://www.atticinscriptions.com/browse/bysource/Helly/ (20.07.2020).
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eileithyia
https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/attic-black-figure-tripod-exaleiptron
https://www.thelancet.com/ (17 Temmuz 2020)
https://www.theoi.com/Gallery/K8.13.html (Catalogue no CA 616)
https://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/Eileithyia.html
PHI Greek Inscriptions. Region: Central Greece (IG VII-IX) Megaris, Oropia and Boiotia; Peloponnessos (IG IV-[VI]), IG IV2 , 1; Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Crete (Inscriptiones Creticae: [IC] I, xvii 9)); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Cyclades, excl. Delos (IG XII,5), 1022); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Rhodes and S. Dodecanese (IG XII,1), Segre & Pugliese Carratelli, Tituli Camirenses (ASAtene 27-29) [Tit. Cam.]; Asia Minor: Caria, Rhodian Peraia; Megiste: CIG 4301

Toplam 140 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Arkeoloji
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0202-5327
Yayımlanma Tarihi	11 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 86 Sayı: 306

Kaynak Göster

APA	Oğuz Kırca, E. D. (2022). Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. BELLETEN, 86(306), 427-468. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427
AMA	Oğuz Kırca ED. Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. TTK BELLETEN. Ağustos 2022;86(306):427-468. doi:10.37879/belleten.2022.427
Chicago	Oğuz Kırca, E. Deniz. “Yerel Ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea Ve Eileithyia”. BELLETEN 86, sy. 306 (Ağustos 2022): 427-68. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
EndNote	Oğuz Kırca ED (01 Ağustos 2022) Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. BELLETEN 86 306 427–468.
IEEE	E. D. Oğuz Kırca, “Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 86, sy. 306, ss. 427–468, 2022, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
ISNAD	Oğuz Kırca, E. Deniz. “Yerel Ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea Ve Eileithyia”. BELLETEN 86/306 (Ağustos 2022), 427-468. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
JAMA	Oğuz Kırca ED. Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. TTK BELLETEN. 2022;86:427–468.
MLA	Oğuz Kırca, E. Deniz. “Yerel Ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea Ve Eileithyia”. BELLETEN, c. 86, sy. 306, 2022, ss. 427-68, doi:10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
Vancouver	Oğuz Kırca ED. Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. TTK BELLETEN. 2022;86(306):427-68.

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