Öz
In this paper I describe the nature and scope of the concept ‘sunna’ in progressive Muslim thought. I argue that, unlike the hadith-based concept of sunna found in classical Islam, the concept of sunna in progressive Islam has strong affinities with how that concept was understood during the formative period of Islamic thought. In this respect, I show that the concept of sunna in progressive Islam operates within a broad contextualist and rationalist approach to Islamic theology and ethics, that it is a general ethico-behavioural embodied concept. It is not viewed as a source of Islamic belief, nor is it considered a form of unrecited revelation - although, for hermeneutical purposes, it exists in an organic and symbiotic relationship with the Qur’an. In the last section, I discuss several concrete implications this approach to the concept of sunna has in progressive Islam, doing away with many norms, values, and practices that have been associated with the concept in classical Islamic law/ethics, such as those pertaining to family and criminal law. With respect to this, I highlight how a progressive Muslim approach to normative sunna enables the Islamic interpretive tradition to shed ethically and epistemologically outdated norms, values, and practices that have often been defended on the basis of a concept of sunna that operates within the hermeneutical confines of classical Islamic theology and Islamic legal theory.
Anahtar Kelimeler
sunna hadith progressive Islam progressive Muslim thought Islamic legal theory Islamic theology Qur’an ‘urf Qur’anic hermeneutics.
Kaynakça
- Barazangi, Nimet. Woman’s Identity and the Qur’an: A New Reading. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2004. Brown, Jonathan. Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Foundations of Islam. Oxford: Oneworld, 2009.
- Duderija, Adis. “Approaches to Hadith Reform in Contemporary Muslim Discourses”. Handbook of Hadith Studies. ed. Mustafa Shah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
- Duderija, Adis. Constructing Religiously Ideal “Believer” and “Woman” in Islam: Neo-Traditional Salafi and Progressive Muslims’ Methods of Interpretation. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
- Duderija, Adis. “Critical-Progressive Muslim Thought: Reflections on its Political Ramifications”. Review of Faith and International Affairs 11/3 (2013), 69-79.
- Duderija, Adis. “Introduction: The Concept of Sunna and Its Status in Islamic Law”. The Sunna and Its Status in Islamic law: The Search for a Sound Hadith. ed. A. Duderija. 1-12. New York: Palgrave, 2015.
- Duderija, Adis vd. Islam and Gender: Major Issues and Debates. New York: Routledge, 2020.
- Duderija, Adis. “The Concept of Sunna in Progressive Muslim Thought”. Islam and Civilisational Renewal 13/1 (2022), 136-148.
- Duderija, Adis. “The Custom (‘urf) Based Assumptions Regarding Gender Roles and Norms in the Islamic Tradition: A Critical Examination”. Studies in Religion 45/4 (2016), 1-19.
- Duderija, Adis. “The Evolution in the Concept of Sunna During the First Four Generations of Muslims in Relation to the Development of the Concept of a Sound hadith as Based on Recent Western Scholarship”. Arab Law Quarterly 26/4 (2012), 393-437.
- Duderija, Adis. The Imperatives of Progressive Islam. Londra: Routledge, 2017.
- Duderija, Adis. The Sunna and its Status in Islamic Law: The Search for a Sound Hadith. New York: Palgrave, 2015.
- Duderija, Adis. “Toward a Methodology of the Nature and the Scope of the Concept of Sunna”. Arab Law Quarterly 21/3 (2007), 269-280.
- Duderija, Adis - Zonneveld, Ani. “Transnational Progressive Islam: Theory, Networks, and Lived Experience”. Handbook of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Lives. ed. R. Lukens-Bull - M. Woodward. 1-22. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri: Springer, 2020.
- El Fadl, Khaled Abou. “Qur’anic Ethics and Islamic Law”. Journal of Islamic Ethics 1 (2017), 7-28.
- Emon, Anver. “Towards a Natural Law Theory in Islamic Law: Muslim Juristic Debates on Reason as a Source of Obligation”. JINEL 3 (2003), 1-51.
- Eshkevari, Hassan Yousefi. “Rethinking Men’s Authority over Women: Qiwama, Wilaya and Their Underlying Assumptions”. New Ideas, New Prospects, in Gender Equality and Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in Islamic Legal Tradition. ed. Z. Mir Hosseini, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe ve Kari Vogt. 191-213. Londra: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
- Farahat, Omar. The Foundation of Norms in Islamic Jurisprudence and Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
- Guraya, Muhammad. The Concept of Sunnah in the Muwatta of Malik b. Anas. McGill Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, 1969.
- Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- İbn Hazm, Ebu Muhammed ‘Ali b. Ahmed b. Said. el-İhkam fi Usuli’l-Ahkam. thk. Ahmed Şakir. Kahire: Matba‘atu’l-İmam, 1987.
- Kadivar, Mohsen. “From Traditional Islam to Islam as an End in Itself”. Die Welt des Islams 51 (2011), 459-484.
- Kamali, Hashim. Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: A Fresh Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
- Kamali, Hashim. Shari’ah law: An Introduction. Londra: Oneworld, 2008.
- Kamali, Hashim. The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam: The Qur’anic Principle of Wasatiyyah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
- Kodir, Faqihuddin. “Gender Equality and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad: Reinterpreting the Concepts of Mahram and Qiwama”. New Ideas, New Prospects, in Gender Equality and Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in Islamic Legal Tradition. ed. Z. Mir Hosseini, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe ve Kari Vogt. 169-190. Londra: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
- Matsunaga, Yasuyuki. “Human Rights and New Jurisprudence in Mohsen Kadivar’s Advocacy of ‘Newthinker’ Islam”. Die Welt des Islams 51 (2011), 358-381.
- Nasr, Abu-Zayd. “The Status of Women Between Qur’an and Fiqh”. Gender Equality in Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in Islamic Legal Tradition. ed. Z. Mir Hosseini, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe ve Kari Vogt. 153-188. Londra: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
- Saeed, Abdullah. Reading the Qur’an in the Twenty-First Century: A Contextualist Approach. New York: Routledge, 2014.
- Shabana, Ayman. Custom in Islamic Law and Legal Theory: The Development of the Concepts of ‘Urf and ‘adah in the Islamic Legal Tradition. New York: Springer, 2010.
- Wymann-Landgraf, Umar Abd-Allah. Malik and Medina: Islamic Legal Reasoning in the Formative Period. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
Öz
Bu makalede, ilerlemeci İslam düşüncesinde ‘sünnet’ kavramının doğasını ve kapsamını açıklıyorum. İslam’ın klasik dönemindeki hadis-temelli sünnet kavramının aksine, ilerlemeci İslam’daki sünnet kavramının, bu kavramın İslam düşüncesinin oluşum döneminde nasıl algılandığıyla güçlü benzerlikleri olduğunu iddia ediyorum. Bu bağlamda, ilerlemeci İslam’daki sünnet kavramının İslam teolojisi ve ahlakına yönelik geniş bir bağlamsalcı ve rasyonalist yaklaşım içerisinde işlediğini, genel bir ahlaki-davranışsal somutlaşmış kavram olduğunu gösteriyorum. İslam itikadının bir kaynağı olarak görülmediği gibi, hermenötik amaçlar doğrultusunda Kur’an ile organik ve simbiyotik bir ilişki içinde bulunmasına rağmen, gayri metluv bir vahiy biçimi olarak da değerlendirilmemektedir. Son bölümde, sünnet kavramına yönelik bu yaklaşımın, aile ve ceza hukukuna ilişkin olanlar gibi klasik İslam hukuku/ahlakında bu kavramla ilişkilendirilen birçok norm, değer ve uygulamayı ortadan kaldırarak, ilerlemeci İslam’da sahip olduğu bazı somut sonuçları tartışıyorum. Bu bağlamda, normatif sünnete yönelik ilerlemeci İslam yaklaşımının, İslam yorum geleneğinin, klasik İslam kelamı ve İslam hukuk usulünün hermenötik sınırları içinde işleyen bir sünnet kavramı temelinde savunulan ahlaki ve epistemolojik açıdan geçerliliğini yitirmiş norm, değer ve uygulamalardan kurtulmasını nasıl sağladığını vurguluyorum.
Anahtar Kelimeler
sünnet hadis ilerlemeci İslam ilerlemeci İslam düşüncesi İslam hukuk usulü İslam kelamı Kur’an örf Kur’an hermenötiği
Kaynakça
- Barazangi, Nimet. Woman’s Identity and the Qur’an: A New Reading. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2004. Brown, Jonathan. Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Foundations of Islam. Oxford: Oneworld, 2009.
- Duderija, Adis. “Approaches to Hadith Reform in Contemporary Muslim Discourses”. Handbook of Hadith Studies. ed. Mustafa Shah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
- Duderija, Adis. Constructing Religiously Ideal “Believer” and “Woman” in Islam: Neo-Traditional Salafi and Progressive Muslims’ Methods of Interpretation. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
- Duderija, Adis. “Critical-Progressive Muslim Thought: Reflections on its Political Ramifications”. Review of Faith and International Affairs 11/3 (2013), 69-79.
- Duderija, Adis. “Introduction: The Concept of Sunna and Its Status in Islamic Law”. The Sunna and Its Status in Islamic law: The Search for a Sound Hadith. ed. A. Duderija. 1-12. New York: Palgrave, 2015.
- Duderija, Adis vd. Islam and Gender: Major Issues and Debates. New York: Routledge, 2020.
- Duderija, Adis. “The Concept of Sunna in Progressive Muslim Thought”. Islam and Civilisational Renewal 13/1 (2022), 136-148.
- Duderija, Adis. “The Custom (‘urf) Based Assumptions Regarding Gender Roles and Norms in the Islamic Tradition: A Critical Examination”. Studies in Religion 45/4 (2016), 1-19.
- Duderija, Adis. “The Evolution in the Concept of Sunna During the First Four Generations of Muslims in Relation to the Development of the Concept of a Sound hadith as Based on Recent Western Scholarship”. Arab Law Quarterly 26/4 (2012), 393-437.
- Duderija, Adis. The Imperatives of Progressive Islam. Londra: Routledge, 2017.
- Duderija, Adis. The Sunna and its Status in Islamic Law: The Search for a Sound Hadith. New York: Palgrave, 2015.
- Duderija, Adis. “Toward a Methodology of the Nature and the Scope of the Concept of Sunna”. Arab Law Quarterly 21/3 (2007), 269-280.
- Duderija, Adis - Zonneveld, Ani. “Transnational Progressive Islam: Theory, Networks, and Lived Experience”. Handbook of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Lives. ed. R. Lukens-Bull - M. Woodward. 1-22. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri: Springer, 2020.
- El Fadl, Khaled Abou. “Qur’anic Ethics and Islamic Law”. Journal of Islamic Ethics 1 (2017), 7-28.
- Emon, Anver. “Towards a Natural Law Theory in Islamic Law: Muslim Juristic Debates on Reason as a Source of Obligation”. JINEL 3 (2003), 1-51.
- Eshkevari, Hassan Yousefi. “Rethinking Men’s Authority over Women: Qiwama, Wilaya and Their Underlying Assumptions”. New Ideas, New Prospects, in Gender Equality and Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in Islamic Legal Tradition. ed. Z. Mir Hosseini, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe ve Kari Vogt. 191-213. Londra: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
- Farahat, Omar. The Foundation of Norms in Islamic Jurisprudence and Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
- Guraya, Muhammad. The Concept of Sunnah in the Muwatta of Malik b. Anas. McGill Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, 1969.
- Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- İbn Hazm, Ebu Muhammed ‘Ali b. Ahmed b. Said. el-İhkam fi Usuli’l-Ahkam. thk. Ahmed Şakir. Kahire: Matba‘atu’l-İmam, 1987.
- Kadivar, Mohsen. “From Traditional Islam to Islam as an End in Itself”. Die Welt des Islams 51 (2011), 459-484.
- Kamali, Hashim. Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: A Fresh Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
- Kamali, Hashim. Shari’ah law: An Introduction. Londra: Oneworld, 2008.
- Kamali, Hashim. The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam: The Qur’anic Principle of Wasatiyyah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
- Kodir, Faqihuddin. “Gender Equality and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad: Reinterpreting the Concepts of Mahram and Qiwama”. New Ideas, New Prospects, in Gender Equality and Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in Islamic Legal Tradition. ed. Z. Mir Hosseini, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe ve Kari Vogt. 169-190. Londra: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
- Matsunaga, Yasuyuki. “Human Rights and New Jurisprudence in Mohsen Kadivar’s Advocacy of ‘Newthinker’ Islam”. Die Welt des Islams 51 (2011), 358-381.
- Nasr, Abu-Zayd. “The Status of Women Between Qur’an and Fiqh”. Gender Equality in Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in Islamic Legal Tradition. ed. Z. Mir Hosseini, Lena Larsen, Christian Moe ve Kari Vogt. 153-188. Londra: I.B. Tauris, 2013.
- Saeed, Abdullah. Reading the Qur’an in the Twenty-First Century: A Contextualist Approach. New York: Routledge, 2014.
- Shabana, Ayman. Custom in Islamic Law and Legal Theory: The Development of the Concepts of ‘Urf and ‘adah in the Islamic Legal Tradition. New York: Springer, 2010.
- Wymann-Landgraf, Umar Abd-Allah. Malik and Medina: Islamic Legal Reasoning in the Formative Period. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hadis |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Çevirmenler | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Mayıs 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 16 Haziran 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Sayı: 6 |
Darulhadis İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.