Araştırma Makalesi
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USA Bases and Facilities in Turkey in Cold War Years

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 101, 203 - 252, 01.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.33419/aamd.732778

Öz

Turkey, in the face of threats from the USSR after the Second World War, adopted a pro-USA foreign policy. Although there were crises in the Cold War process, she continued its policy. Being located in the middle of the triangle of the Balkan, Caucasus, Middle East and having the Straits of the Bosporus and Dardanelles and neighboring to the USSR made Turkey strategically important country in the World. The USA has always tried to benefit from Turkey has always tried to take advantage of Turkey’ strategic location across from the USSR. Therefore, the USA during the Cold War period established bases and facilities for purposes of monitoring and listening on the territory of Turkey. These bases and facilities, whose numbers and capacities vary, led to discussions in the public opinion of the country. On July 26, 1975, response to USA arms embargo Turkey had confiscated USA bases and facilities. Upon the lifting of the USA embargo on arms, the US continued her activities in bases and facilities. The USA carried out her intelligence and propaganda activities towards the USSR and the Middle East from the facilities in Turkey. Therefore, bases and facilities acted as the key barriers to the improvement of relations between Turkey and the USSR.

Kaynakça

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Soğuk Savaş Yıllarında Türkiye’deki ABD Üs ve Tesisleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 101, 203 - 252, 01.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.33419/aamd.732778

Öz

Türkiye, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında SSCB tehditleri karşısında ABD yanlısı bir dış politika benimsemiştir. Soğuk Savaş sürecinde krizler yaşansa da Türkiye politikasına devam etmiştir. Balkanlar, Kafkaslar ve Ortadoğu üçgeninin ortasında yer alması, İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazlarına sahip olması, SSCB’ye komşu olması Türkiye’yi stratejik açıdan son derece önemli kılmıştı. ABD, SSCB karşısında Türkiye’nin stratejik konumundan faydalanmaya çalışmıştır. Bu nedenle Soğuk Savaş sürecinde ABD, Türkiye toprakları üzerinde dinleme, izleme gibi amaçlarla üs ve tesisler kurmuştur. Sayıları ve kapasiteleri değişkenlik gösteren bu üs ve tesisler ülke kamuoyunda tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. ABD’nin silah ambargosuna karşılık 26 Temmuz 1975 tarihinde Türkiye, bu üs ve tesislere el koymuştu. ABD silah ambargosunu kaldırmasıyla üs ve tesislerdeki faaliyetlerine devam etmiştir. ABD, Türkiye’deki üs ve tesislerden SSCB ve Ortadoğu’nun yanı sıra ülkede istihbarat ve propaganda faaliyetleri yürütmüştür. Bu nedenle üs ve tesisler Türkiye ile SSCB ilişkilerinin iyileşmesinde engellerden birisi olmuştur.

Kaynakça

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  • Akalın, Cüneyt, Soğuk Savaş ABD ve Türkiye’de Olaylar-Belgeler (1945-1952), Kaynak Yayınları, İstanbul 2003.
  • Akalın, Cüneyt, “Soğuk Savaşta ABD’li Liderlerin Türkiye’nin Stratejik Planlarına Müdahaleleri”, Prof. Dr. İlhan Unat’a Armağan, yay. haz.Sertaç Başeren, Esra G. Dardağan Kibar, Funda Keskin Ata, Nimet Özbek Hadimoğlu, Barış Teksoy, Mülkiyeliler Birliği Yayınları, Ankara 2012.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir, 20. Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi 1914-1995, Alkım Yayınevi, İstanbul 1990.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir, Belgelerle Türk Amerikan Münasebetleri (Açıklamalı), Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara 1991.
  • Bölme, Selin M., İncirlik Üssü ABD’nin Üs Politikası ve Türkiye, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 2012.
  • Çankaya, Özden, Bir Kitle İletişim Kurumu Tarihi TRT 1927-2000, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul 2003.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Dışişleri Bakanlığı Belleteni, Temmuz 1969, 58, Ankara 1969.
  • Erhan, Çağrı, “1960-1980: Göreli Özerklik-3, ABD ve NATO’yla İlişkiler (681-715)”, Baskın Oran (Edt.), Türk Dış Politikası, Kurtuluş Savaşı’ndan Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar, 1. Cilt, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 2001.
  • Erkin, Feridun Cemal, Dışişlerinde 34 Yıl Vaşington Büyükelçiliği, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara 1999.
  • Evren, Kenan, Kenan Evren Anıları, 1. Cilt, Milliyet Yayınları, İstanbul 1990.
  • Gönlübol, Mehmet, Kürkçüoğlu, Ömer, Olaylarla Türk Dış Politikası (1919-1990), Siyasal Kitapevi, Ankara 1993.
  • Hale, William, Türk Dış Politikası 1774-2000, Mozaik Yayınları, İstanbul 2003.
  • İpekçi, Abdi, Coşar, Ö. Sami, İhtilalin İçyüzü, 1. Cilt, Uygun Yayınevi, İstanbul 1965.
  • Holmes, Amy Austin, Social Unrest and American Military Bases in Turkey and Germany since 1945, Cambridge University Press, New York 2014.
  • Kennedy, Robert F., Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis, W.W. Norton & Company, 1999.
  • Küçük, Sami, Rumeli’den 27 Mayıs’a İhtilalin Kaderini Belirleyen Köşk Harekâtı, Mikato Yayınları, İstanbul 2008.
  • Lachowaki, Zdzislaw, Foreign Military Bases in Eurasia, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (sirpi), CM Gruppen, Bromma 2007.
  • Pedlow, Gregory W., ve Welzenbach, Donald E., The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974, History Staff Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1998.
  • Sönmezoğlu, Faruk, Türk Dış Politikası 1945-1991, Der Yayınları, İstanbul 2016.
  • Şahin, Haluk, Johnson Mektubu: Türk-ABD İlişkilerini Değiştiren Olayın Perde Arkası, Gendaş Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul 2002.
  • Tellal, Eren, “1945-1960: Batı Bloku Ekseninde Türkiye-1, SSCB’yle İlişkiler”, ed. Baskın Oran, Türk Dış Politikası (1919-1980) Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar, 1. Cilt, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 2001.
  • Tunçkanat, Haydar, Amerika Emperyalizm ve CIA (Merkez Haberalma Teşkilatı), Tekin Yayınevi, Ankara 1987.
  • Tunçkanat, Haydar, İkili Anlaşmaların İçyüzü, Kaynak Yayınları, İstanbul 2001.
  • Ünlü, Barış, Bir Siyasal Düşünür Olarak Mehmet Ali Aybar, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 2002.
  • Veiner, Tim, Küllerin Mirası Bir CIA Tarihi, Koridor Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2009.
  • Akipek, Ömer İlhan, “NATO Kuvvetleri Sözleşmesine Göre Vazife Kavramı ve Türkiye’deki Tatbikatı”, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Dergisi, C 24, S 1, Ankara 1967, ss.9-25.
  • Bernstein, Barton J., “The Cuban Missile Crisis: Trading the Jupiters in Turkey”, Political Science Quarterly, S 95, Bahar 1980, ss.97-125.
  • Bölme, Selin M., “Soğuk Savaş’ta NATO-ABD-Türkiye Üçgeninde Askerî Üsler: Süreklilik ve Değişim”, Uluslararası İlişkileri, S 34, İstanbul 2012, ss.51-71.
  • Ege, Kondrad, “U.S. And NATO Bases Turkey”, CounterSpy, S 3, 1980, ss.22-25.
  • Ülman, A.Haluk, “NATO ve Türkiye”, AÜSBF Dergisi, S 4, Ankara 1967, ss.143-167.
  • Aydın, Songül, 12 Mart 1971 Öncesinde Ant Dergisi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul 2008.
  • Kıyanç, Sinan, ABD Arşiv Belgelerinde Türkiye’de Askerî Darbeler (1960-1980), Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Muğla 2018.
  • Türkiye İşçi Partisi Genel Merkezi, Çalışma Raporu Üçüncü Büyük Kongre 9-12 Kasım 1968, Ankara 1968.
Toplam 103 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sinan Kıyanç 0000-0002-0148-9632

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 101

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Kıyanç, Sinan. “Soğuk Savaş Yıllarında Türkiye’deki ABD Üs Ve Tesisleri”. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi 36, sy. 101 (Mayıs 2020): 203-52. https://doi.org/10.33419/aamd.732778.