British Policy On The Fate Of Constantinople And The Allıed Occupatıon Of The Cıty On March 16,1920

Yıl 1998, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 42, 836 - 869, 01.05.1998

Neşe Özden

Öz

Great Britain's policy aims after World War I towards the defeated Ottoman Empire markedly included that wherever Armenians, Kurds,
Greeks and Arabs constituted a majority Turkish rule must cease, and that the Turkish Capital and the Straits must be taken from Turkish control to
secure a free road to her far-flung dominions in Asia, India in particular*1. Combined with the British desire to end the continuance of Turkish power
as an effective administration in any part of Europe, David Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of the British coalition govemment, followed a policy
for the expulsion of the Turks from Constantinople, even though there was a great degree of opposition within his own cabinet.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brıtısh, Polıcy, Turks

Kaynakça

• Lloyd George's statement in Parliamentary Debates - PD(Commons), 26 February 1920, vol. 125, pp. 1966-7.
• For themes, see Lord Cecil's statement in PD (Commons), 26 February 1920, voi. 125, pp. 1973-5.
• Sir Donald Maclean's statement in PD (Commons), 26 February 1920, vol. 125, pp. 1951-4.
• Viscount Bryce's statement in PD (Lords), 11 March 1920, vol. 39, pp. 397, 400-3; Henry Asquith's statement in PD (Commons), 25 March 1920, vol. 127, pp. 640-2.
• Curzon, H. Nicolson, The Last Phase 1919-1925, London 1937.
• CAB23/37, Confeıence 18, Conelusions of a Conference, London 5 January 1920.
• Cumming, H.H., Franco-British Rivalry in the l’ost-War Near East: The decline of French influence, London 1981.
• Hurewitz, J. C., Diplomacy in the Near and Middlle East: A Documentary Record 1914- 1956, vol. II, New York 1956.
• Busch, B.C., Mudros to Lausanne: Britain's Frontier in West Asia, 1918-1923, New York 1976.
• Helmreich, P.C., From Paris to Sevres: The Partition ofthe Ottoman Empire at the Peace Conference of 1919-1920, Ohio 1974.
• Zürcher, E.J., The Unionist Factor: The Role of the Comnıittee of Union and Progress in the Turkish National Movement 1905-1926, Leiden 1984.
• George, Lloyd, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, vol. II, New Haven 1939.
• PD (Commons), 26 February 1920, vol. 125, pp. 1960-2.
• Petsalis, N.- Diomidis, Greece at the Paris Peace Conference (1919), Thessaloniki 1978.
• Hankey, L., The Supreme Control at the Paris Peace Conference 1919, London 1963.
• Br. Doc. IV: 806, Robeck to Curzon, No. 1836, Constantinople 10 October 1919.
• Foreign Secretary in Balfour's place since October 1919.
• Lord President in Curzon's place since October 1919.
• C. J. Lowe-M.D. DockrilI, The Mirage ofPower, vol. II, London 1972.
• Helmreich, From Paris to Sevres, pp. 191-4.
• E.L. Knudsen, Great Britain, Constantinople, and the Turkish Peace Treaty 1919-1922, London 1987.
• Br. Doc. IV; 959, Minutes of Second Meeting of the Anglo-French Conference, 22 December 1919.
• CAB23/37, Conference 18, Conclusions of a Conference, London 5 .January 1920.; Knudsen, Great Britain, pp. 143-7.
• M.L. Dockrill and J.D. Goold, Peace Without Promise: Britain and the Peace Conferences, 1919-23, London 1981.
• S.D. Waley, Edwin Montagu: A menıoir and an account of his visits to India, London 1964.
• R.R. James, Churchill; Study in Failore 1900-1939, London 1970.
• M.L. Smith, lonian Vision: Greece in Asia Minör 1919-1922, London 1973.
• PD (Commons), 26 February 1920, vol. 125, pp. 1964-5.
• Viscount Bryce’s statement in PD (Lords), 11 March 1920, vol. 39, p. 394.
• FO371/5166/E2306/262/44, Robeck to Curzon, No. 358, Constantinople 15 March 1920.
• Smith, Ionian Vision, p. 120; Knudsen, Great Britain, pp. 154-5.
• Br. Doc. VII: 298-9, British Secretaıy's Notes of a Mceting, London 28 February 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 302, British Secretaı y's Notes of an Allied Conference, London 28 February 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 422. appendix 1: Draft Telegram to the British Higlı Commissioner.
• FO371/5I66/E2306/262/44, Robeck to Curzon, No. 358, Constantinople 15 March 1920.
• FO371/5166/E1782/262/44, Robeck to Curzon, No. 314, Constantinople 3 March 1920.
• Br.Doc. VII: 413, British Secretary’s Notes of an Allied Conference, London 5 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. XIII: 9-10 (FO371/5042/E1093/3/44 or FO406/43/E1093/3/44). Robeck to Curzon, No. 191, Constantinople 5 March 1920.
• FO406/43/E946/3/44, Curzon to Robeck, No. 187, FO 6 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 422, British Secretary's Notes of an AlJied Conference, London 5 Maıch 1920, appendix I.
• Br. Doc. XIII: 17-9, Robeck to Curzon, E2291/56/44, Constantinople 9 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. XIII: 53-4, Robeck to Curzon, No. 317, Constantinople I April 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 364, British Secretary's Notes of an Allied Conference, London 3 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 456, British Secretary's Notes of an Allied Conference. London 10 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 417, British Secretary's Notes of an Allied Conference, London 5 March 1920.
• FO406/43/E946/3/44, Curzon to Robeck, No. 187, FO 6 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 417, British Secıetary's Notes of an Allied Confeıence, London 5 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. XIII: 20-1, E1371/106/44, Note from P. Kerr (Private Secretaıy to Lloyd George) to R.H. Campbell (Private Secıetary to Lord Curzon), London 9 March 1920, enclosuıe in No. 18.
• Br. Doc. VII: 450-7, British Secıetary's Notes of an Allied Conference, London 10 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. XIII: 45 (FO406/43/E1993/3/44 or FO371/5044/E1993/3/44), Robeck to Curzon, No. 262, Constantinople 21 March 1920.
• FO371/5045/E2781/3/44, Robeck to Curzon, No. 373, Constantinople 18 March 1920, enclosure 6 in No. I: memorandum by Ryan.
• FO371/5046/E3046/3/44, Robeck to the Secretary of Admiralty, No. Z.361/6793/8, Constantinople 18 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. XIII: 41-2, Curzon to Derby (Paris), No. 955, FO 17 March 1920.
• Br. Doc. VII: 458-62, British Secretary's Notes of a Conversation between British and Fıench Delegates, Loııdon 10 March 1920.
• FO406/43/E2327/3/44 (FO371/5045/E2327/3/44), Robeck to Curzon, No. 285, Constantinople 25 March 1920.
• PD (Commons), 26 Febrııary 1920, vol. 125, p. 1966.
• D (Commons), 12 February 1920, vol. 125, pp. 348-9.
• PD (Commons), 25 March 1920, vol. 127, pp.702-5.
• E. Maisel, The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1919-1926, Brighton 1994.
• Waley, Edwin Montagu, p. 269. Montagu had many enemies. Busch, Mudros to Lausanne, p. 333.
• Br Doc. IV: 999, Memorandum by Curzon on the future ofConstantinople, 4 Januaıy 1920.
• M. Kent (ed), The Great Porvers and the End ofthe Ottoman Empire, Loııdon 1984.
• CAB23/37, Coııference 18, Conclusions of a Conference, London 5 January 1920.
• WO106/64, 'The Situation in Turkey, 15th Maıch, 1920'; VV0106/1505, 'Appreciation of the Sitııation in Turkey, 9th March, 1920’.
• CAB24/I03, C.P. 1046, Montagu to Hankey, 'The Dıaft Peace Treaty with Turkey', 9 April 1920.