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Efficacy of the secondary prophylaxis methods in esophageal variceal bleeding

Year 2014, , 261 - 268, 01.09.2014
https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Esophageal variceal bleeding EVB due to portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients is very important because of mortality. There were contradicted results in secondary prophylaxis for variceal bleeding. In this study our primary aim is to investigate that methods to prevent variceal rebleeding are really efficacious and to establish different treatment methods clinical success. Our secondary aim is to determine of effective factors on survival period.METHODS: One hundred eighty patients with established cirrhosis disease and had variceal bleeding enrolled in this study. Patients divided into two groups as they had prophylaxis or not. Patients in the prophylaxy group were divided into seven subgroups. Survival periods, mortality proportions, and bleeding recurrency after prophylaxis are evaluated as treatment success. The factors which influenced patients treatment success are investigated. These groups evaluated clinically and compared with each other statistically.RESULTS: We started prophylaxis to one hundred thirty three of the patients enrolled and we determined survival periods of these patients decreased by their variceal grades are increased in endoscopies. Child grades of patients are related to survival periods, while the patients grade was increasing, survival period was decreasing. In the prophylaxy group, mortality proportions were significantly increased. In regard to survival period, best success in treatment groups has acquired with beta-blocker plus band ligation treatment. CONCLUSION: We concluded that, with our study results, secondary prophylaxis has advantage and is essential in patients who had EVB. The positive results achieved with beta-blocker treatment can be accepted as this groups activity and success in prophylaxis. Moreover the high clinical success with beta-blocker plus band ligation is suggesting medical treatments combination with invasive endoscopy methods are more useful for patients.

References

  • Groszmann RJ, Franchis R. Portal Hypertension. In: Schiff E.R, Sorrel M.F, Maddrey W.C. Disease of the Liver. 8th edition. Lippincott & Raven Company; 1999; pp 387- 438
  • Serin E, Boyacıoğlu S. Siroz komplikasyonları ve tedavisi. In: Özden A, Şahin B, Yılmaz U, Soykan İ. Türk Gastroenteroloji Vakfı Gastroenteroloji. Fersa matbaacılık; 2002. 525- 541
  • Graham DY, Smith JL. The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1981;80:800-809.
  • Çolakoğlu Ö, Zeybel M, Uğur F. Portal hipertansiyon ve özefagus varis kanaması. Ünsal B (ed). Portal hipertansiyon ve komplikasyonları. İzmir: Meta matbaacılık; 2003. 1-60
  • Sherlock S, Doley J. The portal venous system and portal hypertension: Diseases of the liver and biliary system. 11th edition. Chapter 10: 147-180.
  • Smith JL, Graham DY. Variceal hemorrhage: A critical evaluation of survival analysis. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 968-73.
  • Erlinger S, Benhamou JP. Cirrhosis. In: Bircher R, Benhamou Y, Mc Intyre A, Rodes F (eds). Clinical aspects in Oxford Textbook of Hepatology. New York, 1999: 627-641.
  • Pagliaro L, D'Amico G, Sorensen TI, Lebrec D, Burroughs AK, Morabito A, Tiné F, Politi F, Traina M. Prevention of first bleeding in Cirrhosis. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of nonsurgical treatment. Am Intern Med 1992; 117: 59-70.
  • Shahi HM, Sarin SK. Prevention of first variceal bleed: An appraisal of current therapies. Am J Gastroenterology 1998; 93: 2348-58.
  • D’Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. The treatment of portal hypertension: A meta- analytic review. Hepatology 1995; 22: 332-9
  • McCormick PA, O'Keefe C. Improving prognosis following a first variceal hemorrhage over four decades. Gut 2001; 49: 682-685.
  • Lebrec D, De Fleury P, Rueff B, Nahum H, Benhamou JP. Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis. Gastroenterol 1980; 79: 1139-1144.
  • Nevens F, Bustami R, Scheys I. Variceal pressure is a factor predicting the risk of a first variceal bleeding: A prospective cohort study in cirrhotic patienıs. Hepatology 1998; 27: 15-21 .
  • The North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices: a prospective multicenter study. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 983-989.
  • Arnoud P, Nicolas C, Oliver F. Mortality of cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage has been greatly reduced in two decades. Hepatology 1998; 28: 868-880.
  • Gores GJ, Wiesner RH, Dickson ER, Zinmeister AR, Jogenson RA, Lagworthy A. Prospective evaluation of esophageal varices in primary biliary cirrhosis: Development, natural history Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 1552-59.
  • Sheen IS, Chen TY, Liaw YF. Randomized controlled Study of propranolol for the prevention of recurrent esophageal varices bleeeding in patients with cirrhosis. Liver 1989; 9: 1-4.
  • Hayes PC, Davis JM, Lewis JA, Bouchier IAD. Metaıanalysis of value of propranolol in the prevention of variceal hemorrhage. Lancet 1990; 336: 153-155.
  • Bernard B, Lebrec D, Mathurin P, Opolon P, Poynard T. Propranolol and sclerotherapy in the prevention of gastrointestinal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-anaIysis. J Hepatol 1997; 26: 312-324. on
  • survival. 20. Hou MC, Lin HC, Kuo BI. Comparisian of endoscopic variceal injection sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of esophageal varicealrandomized trial. Hepatology 1995; 21: ı1517- 21.
  • Baroncini D, Milandri GL, Borioni D. A prospective randomized trial of sclerotherapy versus ligation in the elective treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Endoscopy 1997; 29: 235-241.
  • Angelico M, Carli L, Piat C, Gentile S, Rinaldi V, Bologna E, Capocaccia L. Isosorbide-5- mononitrate versus propranolol in the prevention of first bleeding in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 1460-5.
  • Angelico M, Carli L, Piat C, Gentile S, Capocaccia L. Effects of Isosorbide 5 mononitrate compared with propranolol on first bleeding and long-term survival in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 1632-9.

Özefagus varis kanamalarının sekonder profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği

Year 2014, , 261 - 268, 01.09.2014
https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942

Abstract

AMAÇ: Siroz hastalarında portal hipertansiyona bağlı olarak gelişen özefagus varis kanamaları ÖVK , çok önemli bir mortalite nedenidir. Buna rağmen, varis kanamasının sekonder profilaksisine yönelik, birbirleri ile çelişen sonuçlar mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada varis kanamalarının tekrarının önlenmesi için kullanılan yöntemlerin klinik etkinliği ve sağkalım süreleri üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. YÖNTEMLER: Çalışmamızda siroz teşhisi konulmuş ve özefagus varis kanaması geçiren 180 hasta incelendi. Bu hastalar profilaksi almış olanlar ve profilaksi almamışlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Profilaksi başlanmış olan hastalar da kullandıkları tedavi modalitesine göre 7 alt gruba ayrıldı. Bu hastalarda sağkalım süreleri, mortalite oranları ve profilaksiden sonra kanama rekürrensi değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 133 tanesine profilaksi başlanmış olup, bu hastaların gastroskopilerindeki varislerin derecesinin artması ile sağkalım sürelerinin kısaldığı belirlendi. Hastaların Child evreleri de sağkalım süreleri ile doğrudan ilişkiliydi ve tedavinin başlangıcında Child derecesi yüksek olarak tespit edilen hastaların yaşam süreleri daha kısaydı. Profilaksi başlanan hastalarda mortalite oranları anlamlı derecede daha düşük, sağkalım süreleri ise belirgin olarak daha uzundu. Yaşam süresi dikkate alındığında; tedavi gruplarında en iyi başarı, beta-bloker + bant ligasyonu tedavisi ile elde edildi. SONUÇ: Bizim çalışmamızın sonuçları, ÖVK geçiren hastalarda, sekonder profilaksinin, olumlu ve yararlı etkilerini yansıtmaktadır. Beta-bloker tedavisi ile alınan olumlu sonuçlar, bu grubun profilaksideki etkinliğinin bir göstergesi olarak düşünülebilir. Ayrıca beta-blokerlerin bant ligasyonu ile birlikte kullanıldığında elde edilen yüksek klinik başarı, profilakside kullanılan medikal tedavilerin, girişimsel endoskopik yöntemlerle kombine edilmesinin, hastalar için daha yararlı olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

References

  • Groszmann RJ, Franchis R. Portal Hypertension. In: Schiff E.R, Sorrel M.F, Maddrey W.C. Disease of the Liver. 8th edition. Lippincott & Raven Company; 1999; pp 387- 438
  • Serin E, Boyacıoğlu S. Siroz komplikasyonları ve tedavisi. In: Özden A, Şahin B, Yılmaz U, Soykan İ. Türk Gastroenteroloji Vakfı Gastroenteroloji. Fersa matbaacılık; 2002. 525- 541
  • Graham DY, Smith JL. The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1981;80:800-809.
  • Çolakoğlu Ö, Zeybel M, Uğur F. Portal hipertansiyon ve özefagus varis kanaması. Ünsal B (ed). Portal hipertansiyon ve komplikasyonları. İzmir: Meta matbaacılık; 2003. 1-60
  • Sherlock S, Doley J. The portal venous system and portal hypertension: Diseases of the liver and biliary system. 11th edition. Chapter 10: 147-180.
  • Smith JL, Graham DY. Variceal hemorrhage: A critical evaluation of survival analysis. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 968-73.
  • Erlinger S, Benhamou JP. Cirrhosis. In: Bircher R, Benhamou Y, Mc Intyre A, Rodes F (eds). Clinical aspects in Oxford Textbook of Hepatology. New York, 1999: 627-641.
  • Pagliaro L, D'Amico G, Sorensen TI, Lebrec D, Burroughs AK, Morabito A, Tiné F, Politi F, Traina M. Prevention of first bleeding in Cirrhosis. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of nonsurgical treatment. Am Intern Med 1992; 117: 59-70.
  • Shahi HM, Sarin SK. Prevention of first variceal bleed: An appraisal of current therapies. Am J Gastroenterology 1998; 93: 2348-58.
  • D’Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. The treatment of portal hypertension: A meta- analytic review. Hepatology 1995; 22: 332-9
  • McCormick PA, O'Keefe C. Improving prognosis following a first variceal hemorrhage over four decades. Gut 2001; 49: 682-685.
  • Lebrec D, De Fleury P, Rueff B, Nahum H, Benhamou JP. Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis. Gastroenterol 1980; 79: 1139-1144.
  • Nevens F, Bustami R, Scheys I. Variceal pressure is a factor predicting the risk of a first variceal bleeding: A prospective cohort study in cirrhotic patienıs. Hepatology 1998; 27: 15-21 .
  • The North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices: a prospective multicenter study. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 983-989.
  • Arnoud P, Nicolas C, Oliver F. Mortality of cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage has been greatly reduced in two decades. Hepatology 1998; 28: 868-880.
  • Gores GJ, Wiesner RH, Dickson ER, Zinmeister AR, Jogenson RA, Lagworthy A. Prospective evaluation of esophageal varices in primary biliary cirrhosis: Development, natural history Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 1552-59.
  • Sheen IS, Chen TY, Liaw YF. Randomized controlled Study of propranolol for the prevention of recurrent esophageal varices bleeeding in patients with cirrhosis. Liver 1989; 9: 1-4.
  • Hayes PC, Davis JM, Lewis JA, Bouchier IAD. Metaıanalysis of value of propranolol in the prevention of variceal hemorrhage. Lancet 1990; 336: 153-155.
  • Bernard B, Lebrec D, Mathurin P, Opolon P, Poynard T. Propranolol and sclerotherapy in the prevention of gastrointestinal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-anaIysis. J Hepatol 1997; 26: 312-324. on
  • survival. 20. Hou MC, Lin HC, Kuo BI. Comparisian of endoscopic variceal injection sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of esophageal varicealrandomized trial. Hepatology 1995; 21: ı1517- 21.
  • Baroncini D, Milandri GL, Borioni D. A prospective randomized trial of sclerotherapy versus ligation in the elective treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Endoscopy 1997; 29: 235-241.
  • Angelico M, Carli L, Piat C, Gentile S, Rinaldi V, Bologna E, Capocaccia L. Isosorbide-5- mononitrate versus propranolol in the prevention of first bleeding in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 1460-5.
  • Angelico M, Carli L, Piat C, Gentile S, Capocaccia L. Effects of Isosorbide 5 mononitrate compared with propranolol on first bleeding and long-term survival in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 1632-9.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hikmet Tekçe This is me

Macit Gülten This is me

Buket Kın Tekçe This is me

Selim Giray Nak This is me

Murat Kıyıcı This is me

Enver Dolar This is me

Selim Gürel This is me

Seyhun Kürşat This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014

Cite

APA Tekçe, H., Gülten, M., Tekçe, B. K., Nak, S. G., et al. (2014). Özefagus varis kanamalarının sekonder profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği. Abant Medical Journal, 3(3), 261-268. https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942
AMA Tekçe H, Gülten M, Tekçe BK, Nak SG, Kıyıcı M, Dolar E, Gürel S, Kürşat S. Özefagus varis kanamalarının sekonder profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği. Abant Med J. September 2014;3(3):261-268. doi:10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942
Chicago Tekçe, Hikmet, Macit Gülten, Buket Kın Tekçe, Selim Giray Nak, Murat Kıyıcı, Enver Dolar, Selim Gürel, and Seyhun Kürşat. “Özefagus Varis kanamalarının Sekonder Profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği”. Abant Medical Journal 3, no. 3 (September 2014): 261-68. https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942.
EndNote Tekçe H, Gülten M, Tekçe BK, Nak SG, Kıyıcı M, Dolar E, Gürel S, Kürşat S (September 1, 2014) Özefagus varis kanamalarının sekonder profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği. Abant Medical Journal 3 3 261–268.
IEEE H. Tekçe, M. Gülten, B. K. Tekçe, S. G. Nak, M. Kıyıcı, E. Dolar, S. Gürel, and S. Kürşat, “Özefagus varis kanamalarının sekonder profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği”, Abant Med J, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 261–268, 2014, doi: 10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942.
ISNAD Tekçe, Hikmet et al. “Özefagus Varis kanamalarının Sekonder Profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği”. Abant Medical Journal 3/3 (September 2014), 261-268. https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942.
JAMA Tekçe H, Gülten M, Tekçe BK, Nak SG, Kıyıcı M, Dolar E, Gürel S, Kürşat S. Özefagus varis kanamalarının sekonder profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği. Abant Med J. 2014;3:261–268.
MLA Tekçe, Hikmet et al. “Özefagus Varis kanamalarının Sekonder Profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği”. Abant Medical Journal, vol. 3, no. 3, 2014, pp. 261-8, doi:10.5505/abantmedj.2014.19942.
Vancouver Tekçe H, Gülten M, Tekçe BK, Nak SG, Kıyıcı M, Dolar E, Gürel S, Kürşat S. Özefagus varis kanamalarının sekonder profilaksisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği. Abant Med J. 2014;3(3):261-8.