Understanding the Psychological Burden of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Depression and Anxiety

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 98 - 110, 29.08.2025

Burak Toprak , Rıdvan Bora

https://doi.org/10.47493/abantmedj.1651311

Abstract

Postoperative depression and anxiety are common psychological conditions following cardiac surgery, often underestimated despite their significant impact on recovery. These disorders hinder physical healing, complicate rehabilitation, and reduce quality of life. Despite their prevalence, they are frequently overlooked in clinical settings.
This study aims to explore the psychological burden after cardiac surgery, focusing on postoperative depression and anxiety. It examines the prevalence of these disorders, identifies contributing risk factors, and evaluates management strategies.
A narrative review of the existing literature is conducted, synthesizing studies on postoperative depression and anxiety in cardiac surgery patients. The review investigates demographic, medical, surgical, psychosocial, and recovery-related factors that contribute to the onset of these psychological issues. Additionally, it assesses treatment effectiveness, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and psychoeducation.
Postoperative depression and anxiety affect 20-30% of patients after cardiac surgery. Key risk factors include age, gender, socioeconomic status, psychiatric history, and the severity of heart disease. The effectiveness of antidepressants, anxiolytics, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and cardiac rehabilitation in improving symptoms and aiding recovery is also discussed.
Addressing these psychological conditions is crucial for optimizing both psychological and physical recovery in cardiac surgery patients. A multidisciplinary approach, combining psychological support with traditional medical treatment, is vital for improving patient outcomes.

Keywords

Postoperative Depression , Postoperative Anxiety , Psychological Burden , Risk Factors , Open Heart Surgery

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