Alternative control agents of the dried fruit mite, Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) (Acari: Carpoglyphidae) on dried apricots

Abstract

Turkey is the biggest dried apricot producer and exporter of the world. Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) (Astigmata: Carpoglyphidae) is the most common species on dried apricots. When C. lactis feeds on the fruit sugar of the dried apricot, the mite accelerates the development of mould fungi and causes unwanted flavours and odours, due to its digestive products, secretions and dead bodies. These contaminants cause skin diseases and some disorders of the digestive system in humans. Fumigants such as methyl bromide and phosphine are used for the control of this harmful species all over the world. However, methyl bromide has been restricted in many countries including Turkey, because the chemical depletes ozone layer and causes acute deaths in humans. Biological studies have shown that reducing the amounts both of oxygen and humidity negatively affects the population development of C. lactis. Based on this evidence, the effects of different physical agents, namely ferric oxide and ozone gas (oxygen depleters), and calcium chloride and silica gel (humidity reducers) to packaged dried apricot infested with C. lactis were studied. The lethal dose concentrations and lethal times of each product were determined by probit analysis. In this study, the female mites were successful controlled with all of the physical agents. A death rate of the females of 99% was most rapidly obtained with ozone gas treatment, followed by ferric oxide. Ozone gas was particularly toxic, causing a significantly high level of mortality after application at 44.4 mg/L (LT₉₉= 39 hours). When ferric oxide was applied a dose of 9000 mg/L volume and higher doses, it killed all the female mites within 3 days. Above the dose of calcium chloride at 3000 mg /L killed all of the females within 81 hours. Lastly, the silica gel affected mites over a longer period i.e., two weeks and at a higher dosage (56000 mg/L volume).

Keywords

• dried apricot,Carpoglyphus lactis,control,desiccants,dried apricot,oxygen absorbers,ozone

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