Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Serum tryptase combined with clinical scoring improves diagnosis and management of chemotherapy-related hypersensitivity

Year 2026, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 111 - 115, 06.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1832869

Abstract

Aims: Chemotherapy-related hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) range from mild symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Accurate differentiation is essential for treatment decisions. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of combining serum tryptase levels with a standardized clinical severity score in patients who developed chemotherapy-induced HSRs.
Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included adult cancer patients who developed HSRs during chemotherapy and underwent serum tryptase testing within 1-4 hours of symptom onset. Anaphylaxis severity was classified using Brown’s scoring system. The relationship between tryptase levels, clinical severity, and subsequent treatment modifications was analyzed, and diagnostic performance for predicting severe anaphylaxis was assessed using ROC analysis.
Results: Ninety-seven patients were included. Elevated tryptase levels (≥11.4 ng/ml) were detected in 38% of patients and were strongly associated with severe anaphylaxis scores (≥5) (p<0.001). Among patients with elevated tryptase, 78% required treatment modification or desensitization, compared with 19% of those with normal levels. Serum tryptase demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy for severe anaphylaxis (AUC: 0.91). A small subgroup exhibited severe clinical features despite normal tryptase values, highlighting the need for combined clinical and biochemical assessment.
Conclusion: Integrating serum tryptase measurement with standardized anaphylaxis scoring provides a reliable and practical approach to distinguishing true anaphylaxis from non-specific HSRs. This combined assessment improves diagnostic precision, supports timely therapeutic decisions, and may reduce unnecessary treatment modifications in oncology practice.

Ethical Statement

Ethical Approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Erzurum Medical Faculty Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2025/08-211, Date: 10 July 2025). Informed Consent: As this was a retrospective study based on clinical data collected during routine diagnostic and treatment procedures, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee. Data Privacy: All patient information was anonymized prior to analysis, and no identifiable personal data were used. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Funding: No external funding was received for this study.

Supporting Institution

This study was conducted with the institutional support of Erzurum City Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology. No external funding was received.

References

  • Brown SG. Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(2):371-376. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.029
  • Schwartz LB. Diagnostic value of tryptase in anaphylaxis and mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2006;26(3):451-463. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2006.05.010
  • Scherer K, Brockow K. Mast cell tryptase: marker and mediator in anaphylaxis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2021;21(2):6. doi:10.1007/s11882-020-00977-8
  • Picard M, Castells MC. Reactions to chemotherapeutic agents: emphasis on hypersensitivity responses and the role of desensitization. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20(7):26. doi:10.1007/s11882-020-00937-2
  • Castells M. Drug hypersensitivity and desensitizations in oncology: molecular mechanisms and clinical practice. Allergy. 2020;75(12):2890-2898. doi:10.1111/all.14344
  • Caimmi S, Arasi S, Castagna L, Liotti L, Giuffrida G, Crisafulli G. Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs: diagnosis and management. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2021;8:1-16. doi:10.1007/s405 21-020-00270-y
  • Kanny G, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Morisset M, Beaudouin E, Sainte-Laudy J. Non-IgE mediated hypersensitivity to drugs: mechanisms and clinical aspects. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;54(1):7-15. doi:10.23822/E urAnnACI.1764-1489.233
  • Isabwe GA, Garcia Neuer M, de las Vecillas Sanchez L, Lynch DM, Marquis K, Castells M. Hypersensitivity reactions to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: phenotypes and endotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(6):1658-1668. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.031
  • Madrigal-Burgaleta R, Berges-Gimeno MP, Pereira DA, Bobolea I, Valero A. Management of drug hypersensitivity reactions in oncology: practical aspects. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2021;8:54-66. doi:10.1007/s 40521-021-00286-2
  • Szebeni J. Complement activation-related pseudoallergy: a new class of drug-induced acute immune toxicity. Toxicology. 2020;436:152421. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152421
  • Lyons JJ. Hereditary alpha tryptasemia: implications for diagnosis and treatment of mast cell disorders. Immunol Rev. 2020;296(1):123-132. doi: 10.1111/imr.12877
  • Bonadonna P, Bonifacio M, Lombardo C, Zanotti R. Mast cell activation in cardiovascular events. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20(9):47. doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-00943-4
  • De Schryver S, Halbrich M, Clarke A, La Vieille S, Eisman H, Alizadehfar R. Tryptase levels in children presenting with anaphylaxis: single center experience and literature review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(6):2236-2243. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.037

Kemoterapi ilişkili hipersensitivite reaksiyonlarında serum triptaz ve klinik skorlama yaklaşımının tanısal ve yönetimsel değeri

Year 2026, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 111 - 115, 06.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1832869

Abstract

Giriş/Amaç:
Kemoterapiye bağlı aşırı duyarlılık reaksiyonları (HSR) hafif belirtilerden yaşamı tehdit eden anafilaksiye kadar uzanabilir. Bu çalışma, kemoterapi sırasında HSR gelişen hastalarda serum triptaz düzeylerinin ve standart anafilaksi skorlamasının birlikte kullanılmasının tanısal değerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem:
Retrospektif, tek merkezli bu çalışmaya kemoterapi sırasında HSR gelişen ve semptom başlangıcından sonraki 1–4 saat içinde serum triptaz düzeyi ölçülen erişkin hastalar dahil edildi. Anafilaksi şiddeti Brown skorlama sistemiyle sınıflandırıldı ve triptaz düzeyleri ile klinik şiddet ve tedavi modifikasyonları arasındaki ilişki analiz edildi.

Bulgular:
Toplam 97 hasta incelendi. Hastaların %38’inde triptaz ≥11.4 ng/mL olup bu durum ciddi anafilaksi ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi (p<0.001). Triptazı yüksek olan hastaların %78’inde tedavi değişikliği veya desensitizasyon gerekmişken, normal düzeylerde bu oran %19’du. Serum triptazı ciddi anafilaksiyi öngörmede yüksek doğruluk gösterdi (AUC: 0.91). Bazı hastalarda triptaz normal olmasına rağmen klinik olarak ciddi reaksiyon izlendi.

Sonuç:
Serum triptaz ölçümü ile standart anafilaksi skorunun birlikte kullanılması, kemoterapi ilişkili HSR’ların değerlendirilmesinde güvenilir ve pratik bir yaklaşım sunar. Bu yöntem tanısal doğruluğu artırarak uygun tedavi kararlarının verilmesini destekler.

Ethical Statement

Hazır) Etik Onay: Bu çalışma Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Etik onay, Erzurum Tıp Fakültesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır (Karar No: 2025/08-211, Tarih: 10 Temmuz 2025). Aydınlatılmış Onam: Bu çalışma, rutin tanı ve tedavi sürecinde elde edilen verilerin geriye dönük olarak incelenmesine dayandığından, aydınlatılmış onam gerekliliği etik kurul tarafından muaf tutulmuştur. Veri Gizliliği: Hastalara ait tüm veriler analiz öncesinde anonimleştirilmiş olup, kişisel olarak tanımlanabilir hiçbir bilgi kullanılmamıştır. Çıkar Çatışması: Yazarlar çıkar çatışması bulunmadığını beyan etmektedir. Finansal Destek: Bu çalışma için herhangi bir dış finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Supporting Institution

Erzurum Şehir Hastanesi, Tıbbi Onkoloji Kliniği

References

  • Brown SG. Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(2):371-376. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.029
  • Schwartz LB. Diagnostic value of tryptase in anaphylaxis and mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2006;26(3):451-463. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2006.05.010
  • Scherer K, Brockow K. Mast cell tryptase: marker and mediator in anaphylaxis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2021;21(2):6. doi:10.1007/s11882-020-00977-8
  • Picard M, Castells MC. Reactions to chemotherapeutic agents: emphasis on hypersensitivity responses and the role of desensitization. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20(7):26. doi:10.1007/s11882-020-00937-2
  • Castells M. Drug hypersensitivity and desensitizations in oncology: molecular mechanisms and clinical practice. Allergy. 2020;75(12):2890-2898. doi:10.1111/all.14344
  • Caimmi S, Arasi S, Castagna L, Liotti L, Giuffrida G, Crisafulli G. Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs: diagnosis and management. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2021;8:1-16. doi:10.1007/s405 21-020-00270-y
  • Kanny G, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Morisset M, Beaudouin E, Sainte-Laudy J. Non-IgE mediated hypersensitivity to drugs: mechanisms and clinical aspects. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;54(1):7-15. doi:10.23822/E urAnnACI.1764-1489.233
  • Isabwe GA, Garcia Neuer M, de las Vecillas Sanchez L, Lynch DM, Marquis K, Castells M. Hypersensitivity reactions to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: phenotypes and endotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(6):1658-1668. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.031
  • Madrigal-Burgaleta R, Berges-Gimeno MP, Pereira DA, Bobolea I, Valero A. Management of drug hypersensitivity reactions in oncology: practical aspects. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2021;8:54-66. doi:10.1007/s 40521-021-00286-2
  • Szebeni J. Complement activation-related pseudoallergy: a new class of drug-induced acute immune toxicity. Toxicology. 2020;436:152421. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152421
  • Lyons JJ. Hereditary alpha tryptasemia: implications for diagnosis and treatment of mast cell disorders. Immunol Rev. 2020;296(1):123-132. doi: 10.1111/imr.12877
  • Bonadonna P, Bonifacio M, Lombardo C, Zanotti R. Mast cell activation in cardiovascular events. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20(9):47. doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-00943-4
  • De Schryver S, Halbrich M, Clarke A, La Vieille S, Eisman H, Alizadehfar R. Tryptase levels in children presenting with anaphylaxis: single center experience and literature review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(6):2236-2243. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.02.037
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Oncology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşegül Dumludağ 0000-0002-1171-7782

İrfan Buğday 0000-0002-6875-4656

Funda Yılmaz 0000-0002-7409-5730

Submission Date November 30, 2025
Acceptance Date December 25, 2025
Publication Date January 6, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Dumludağ A, Buğday İ, Yılmaz F. Serum tryptase combined with clinical scoring improves diagnosis and management of chemotherapy-related hypersensitivity. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. January 2026;8(1):111-115. doi:10.38053/acmj.1832869

TR DİZİN ULAKBİM and International Indexes (1b)

Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency:  Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]

Note: Our journal is not WOS indexed and therefore is not classified as Q.

You can download Council of Higher Education (CoHG) [Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK)] Criteria) decisions about predatory/questionable journals and the author's clarification text and journal charge policy from your browser. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/3449/file/4924/show

Journal Indexes and Platforms: 

TR Dizin ULAKBİM, Google Scholar, Crossref, Worldcat (OCLC), DRJI, EuroPub, OpenAIRE, Turkiye Citation Index, Turk Medline, ROAD, ICI World of Journal's, Index Copernicus, ASOS Index, General Impact Factor, Scilit.


The indexes of the journal's are;

18596


asos-index.png

f9ab67f.png

WorldCat_Logo_H_Color.png

      logo-large-explore.png

images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQgDnBwx0yUPRKuetgIurtELxYERFv20CPAUcPe4jYrrJiwXzac8rGXlzd57gl8iikb1Tk&usqp=CAU

index_copernicus.jpg


84039476_619085835534619_7808805634291269632_n.jpg





The platforms of the journal's are;

COPE.jpg

images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTbq2FM8NTdXECzlOUCeKQ1dvrISFL-LhxhC7zy1ZQeJk-GGKSx2XkWQvrsHxcfhtfHWxM&usqp=CAUicmje_1_orig.png


ncbi.png

ORCID_logo.pngimages?q=tbn:ANd9GcQlwX77nfpy3Bu9mpMBZa0miWT2sRt2zjAPJKg2V69ODTrjZM1nT1BbhWzTVPsTNKJMZzQ&usqp=CAU


images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTaWSousoprPWGwE-qxwxGH2y0ByZ_zdLMN-Oq93MsZpBVFOTfxi9uXV7tdr39qvyE-U0I&usqp=CAU






The
 
indexes/platforms of the journal are;

TR Dizin Ulakbim, Crossref (DOI), Google Scholar, EuroPub, Directory of Research Journal İndexing (DRJI), Worldcat (OCLC), OpenAIRE, ASOS Index, ROAD, Turkiye Citation Index, ICI World of Journal's, Index Copernicus, Turk Medline, General Impact Factor, Scilit 


Journal articles are evaluated as "Double-Blind Peer Review"

All articles published in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND)