Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Discovery of a Menorah in Attalia (Kaleiçi, Antalya) and its Significance for Jewish Communities in Pamphylia

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 23, 343 - 360, 15.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.47589/adalya.837991

Öz

The presence of Jews in the region of Pamphylia in Asia Minor is documented in ancient literary and epigraphical texts. However, little archaeological realia have been found documenting their existence. Therefore, the discovery of a marble colonette fragment with a menorah during a rescue excavation in ancient Attalia, the old city Kaleiçi of Antalya, is significant. This article first discusses the textual and epigraphical evidence for Jews in Pamphylia. It next recounts how the Attalia menorah was discovered, then discusses details of the colonette and its menorah. A review of menorah comparanda follows with suggested interpretations for the function of the colonette and its menorah. The article concludes by setting the menorah and its discovery in the larger historical narrative of Jews in southern Asia Minor.

Kaynakça

  • Ameling, W. 2004. Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis. Vol. 2, Kleinasien. Text and Studies Ancient Judaism 99. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
  • Applebaum, A.S. 1974. “The Organization of the Jewish Communities in the Diaspora.” In The Jewish People in the First Century. Vol. 1, Historical Geography, Political History, Social, Cultural and Religious Life and Institutions, edited by S. Safrai and M. Stern, 464-503. Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum 1.1. Philadelphia: Fortress.
  • Barag, D. 1981. “An Aramaic Synagogue Inscription from the Hebron Area.” In Israel Exploration Journal Reader. Selected with a Prolegomenon. Vol. 2, edited by H.M. Orlinsky, 834-37. 2 vols. Library of Biblical Studies. New York: KTAV.
  • Barbantani, S. 2014. “Déjà la pierre pense où votre nom s’inscrit: Identity in Context in Verse Epitaphs for Hellenistic Soldiers.” In Hellenistic Studies at a Crossroads: Exploring Texts, Contexts, and Metatexts, edited by R. Hunter, A. Rengakos, and E. Sistakou, 301-34. Trends in Classics Suppl. 25. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
  • Bauckham, R. 2004. Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. Bean, G.E., and R.M. Harrison. 1967. “Choma in Lycia.” JRS 57.1-2:40-44.
  • Brilliant, R. 1989. “Jewish Art and Culture in Ancient Italy.” In Gardens and Ghettos: The Art of Jewish Life in Italy, edited by V.B. Mann, 67-91. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Burkhardt, N., and M. Wilson. 2013. “The Late Antique Synagogue in Priene: Its History, Architecture, and Context.” Gephyra. Journal for the Ancient History and Cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean 10:166-96.
  • Bussière, J., and B.L. Wohl. 2017. Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
  • Büyükyörük, F. 2014. “Sondage at Insula 124 Lot 13 in Kaleiçi, Antalya.” Anmed 12:267-71.
  • Carroll, S.T. 1992. “Pamphylia.” In The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 5, O-Sh, edited by D.N. Freedmen, 138-39. New York: Doubleday.
  • Chaniotis, A. 2002. “The Jews of Aphrodisias: New Evidence and Old Problems.” Scripta Classica Israelica 21:209-42.
  • Chaniotis, A. 2010. “Godfearers in the City of Love.” Biblical Archaeology Review 30.3:32-44, 77.
  • Çevik, N., Ö. Çömezoğlu, H.S. Öztürk, and İ. Türkoğlu. 2010. “A Unique Discovery in Lycia: The Ancient Synagogue at Andriake, Port of Myra.” Adalya 13:335-66.
  • Cimok, F. 2010. Journeys of Paul: From Tarsus to the Ends of the Earth. Istanbul: A Turizm.
  • Collar, A. 2013. Religious Networks in the Roman Empire: The Spread of New Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Derda, T. 1997. “Did the Jews Use the Name of Moses in Antiquity.” ZPE 115:257-60.
  • Derda, T. 1999. “The Jews and the Name of Moses in Antiquity - A Reply.” ZPE 124:210.
  • Elam, N. 2011. “Sigillografik Kaynaklar Işığında Bizans Dönemi Araştırmaları (MS 4.-15. Yüzyıllar).” In Side Antik Kenti 2011 Yılı Çalışmaları (Rapor), edited by H.S. Alanyalı, 436-47. http://bireklam.org/ kurumsal/dokuman/pdf/destekler/30-Sidekazi.pdf
  • Fairchild, M. 2013. “Why Perga? Paul’s Perilous Passage through Pisidia.” Biblical Archaeology Review 39.6:52-59, 84.
  • Fairchild, M. 2017. “Laodicea’s ‘Lukewarm’ Legacy: Conflicts of Prosperity in an Ancient Christian City.” Biblical Archaeology Review 43.2:30-39, 67.
  • Fine, S., ed. 1996. Sacred Realm: The Emergence of the Synagogue in the Ancient World. New York/ Oxford: Oxford University Press/Yeshiva University Museum.
  • Fine, S. 2012. “The Menorah and the Cross: Historiographical Reflections on a Recent Discovery from Laodicea on the Lycus.” In New Perspectives on Jewish-Christian Relations, edited by E. Carlebach and J.J. Schacter, 31-50. Brill Reference Library of Judaism 33. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Fine, S. 2015a. “When is a Menorah ‘Jewish’? On the Complexities of a Symbol during the Age of Transition.” In Age of Transition: Byzantine Culture in the Islamic World, edited by H.C. Evans, 38-53. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Symposia. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Fine, S. 2015b. “The Open Torah Ark: A Jewish Iconographic Type in Late Antique Rome and Sardis.” In Viewing Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology: VeHinnei Rachel - Essays in Honor of Rachel Hachlili, edited by A.E. Killebrew and G. Faßbeck, 121-34. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 172. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Fine, S., P.J. Schertz, and D.H. Sanders. 2017. “True Colors: Digital Reconstruction Restores Original Brilliance to the Arch of Titus.” Biblical Archaeology Review 43.3:28-35.
  • Fox, R.L. 1986. Pagans and Christians. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Ful, Ş.D., and S.L. Sørensen. 2014. “An Archisynagogus in Pontos.” ZPE 192:176-80.
  • Gasque, W.W. 1992. “Perga.” In The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 5, O-Sh, edited by D.N. Freedmen, 228. New York: Doubleday.
  • Grainger, J.D. 2009. The Cities of Pamphylia. Oxford/Oakville, CT: Oxbow.
  • Greenewalt, C.H., M.L. Rautman, and N.D. Cahill. 1988. “The Sardis Campaign of 1985.” In Preliminary Reports of ASOR-Sponsored Excavations 1982-85. BASOR Suppl. 25:55-92.
  • Hachlili, R. 1998. Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora. Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittleröse Osten 35. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill.
  • Hachlili, R. 2001. The Menorah, the Ancient Seven-Armed Candelabrum: Origin, Form, and Significance. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 68. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill.
  • Hachlili, R. 2018. The Menorah: Evolving into the Most Important Jewish Symbol. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Horsley, G.H.R., and S. Mitchell, eds. 2000. The Inscriptions of Central Pisidia: Including Texts from Kremna, Ariassos, Keraia, Hyia, Panemoteichos, the Sanctuary of Apollo of the Perminoundeis, Sia, Kocaaliler and the Döşeme Boğazı. Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 57. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt.
  • Ilan, T. 2006. “The New Jewish Inscriptions from Hierapolis and the Question of Jewish Diaspora Cemeteries.” Scripta Classica Israelica 25:71-86.
  • Ilan, T. 2008. Lexicon of Jewish Names in Late Antiquity. Part 3, The Western Diaspora, 330 BCE - 650 CE. Text and Studies in Ancient Judaism 126. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
  • Işın, G. 2014. “The Sanctuaries and the Cult of Apollo in Southern Pisidia.” Anadolu/Anatolia 40:87-104.
  • Le Guen-Pollet, B., and B. Rémy. 1991. “Trois épitaphes gréco-juives de Sebastopolis du Pont (Sulusaray).” In Pontica I. Recherches sur l’histoire du Pont dans l’Antiquité, edited by B. Rémy, 117-23. Varia Anatolica 5. Centre Jean Palerne Mémoires 9. CÉRA Mémoires 1. Istanbul: Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes.
  • Leone, F., ed. 2017. La Menorà: Culto, Storia e Mito. Milano: Skira.
  • Metzger, B.M. 1975. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament. 3rd ed. New York: United Bible Societies.
  • Miranda. E. 1999. “La comunità giudaica di Hierapolis di Frigia.” EpigAnat 31:109-56.
  • Mitchell, S. 2003. “Inscriptions from Melli (Kocaaliler) in Pisidia.” AnatSt 53:139-59.
  • Ness, L. 2016. Perspectives on Early Islamic Art in Jerusalem. Arts and Archaeology of the Islamic World 5. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Nollé, J. 2001. Side im Altertum. Geschichte und Zeugnisse. Band 2: Griechische und lateinische Inschriften (5-16) - Papyri - Inschriften in sidetischer Schrift und Sprache - Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen - Konkordanzen - Epigraphische Indices. Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 54. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt.
  • Reynolds, J., and R. Tannenbaum. 1987. Jews and Godfearers at Aphrodisias: Greek Inscriptions with Commentary. Texts from the Excavations at Aphrodisias conducted by Kenan T. Erim. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society Suppl. 12. Cambridge: Cambridge Philological Society.
  • Seager, A.R., and A.T. Kraabel. 1983. “The Synagogue and the Jewish Community.” In Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times, edited by G.M.A. Hanfmann, 168-90. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Seyer, M. 2014. “A Building with Jewish Elements in Limyra/Turkey - A Synagogue?” Journal of Ancient Judaism 5.2:142-52.
  • Şimşek, C. 2006. “A Menorah with a Cross Carved on a Column of Nymphaeum A at Laodicea ad Lycum.” JRA 19:343-46.
  • Talloen, P. 2003. “Cult in Pisidia. Religious Practice in Southwestern Asia Minor from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Period.” Ph.D. diss., KU Leuven.
  • TAM II Tituli Asiae Minoris, II. Tituli Lyciae linguis Graeca et Latina conscripti, E. Kalinka, ed. 3 fasc. Vienna 1920-1944. Fasc. 1, nos. 1-395, Pars Lyciae occidentalis cum Xantho oppido (1920); fasc. 2, nos. 396-717, Regio quae ad Xanthum flumen pertinet praeter Xanthum oppidum (1930); fasc. 3, nos. 718-1230, Regiones montanae a valle Xanthi fluminis ad oram orientalem (1944).
  • Trebilco, P. 1991. Jewish Communities in Asia Minor. Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 69. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Türkoğlu, İ. 2012. “Jews in Antalya (Attaleia/Adalia).” In International Young Scholars Conference I: Mediterranean Anatolia Symposium Proceedings 4-7 November 2009, edited by K. Dörtlük, T. Kahya, R. Boyraz Seyhan, and T. Ertekin. 489-96. Istanbul: AKMED.
  • Van der Horst, P.W. 2015. Saxa judaica loquuntur: Lessons from Early Jewish Inscriptions. Leiden/Boston:Brill.
  • Waelkens, M., and J. Poblome. 2011. Sagalassos, City of Dreams, edited by P. De Rynck and E. Torun. Ghent: Openbaar Kunstbezit Vlaanderen.
  • Williams, M.H. 1997a. “The Meaning and Function of IOUDAIOS in Graeco-Roman Inscriptions.” ZPE 116:249-62.
  • Williams, M.H. 1997b. “Jewish Use of Moses as a Personal Name in Graeco-Roman Antiquity - A Note.” ZPE 118:274.
  • Williams, M.H. 1998. The Jews among the Greek and Romans: A Diasporan Sourcebook. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Williams, M.H. 2002. “The Case for Jewish Use of Moses as a Personal Name in Graeco-Roman Antiquity.” ZPE 140:279-83.
  • Williams, M.H. 2013. Jews in a Graeco-Roman Environment. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 312. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Wilson, M. 2009. “The Route of Paul’s First Journey to Pisidian Antioch.” New Testament Studies 55.4:471-83.
  • Wilson, M. 2018. “The Denouement of Claudian Pamphylia-Lycia and its Implications for the Audience of Galatians.” Novum Testamentum 60.4:337-60.
  • Wilson, M. 2019a. “Jews and Christians in Ancient Lycia: A Fresh Appraisal.” In Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları 1989-2009, edited by S. Doğan and E.F. Fındık, 11-34. Istanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
  • Wilson, M. 2019b. “The Ancient Synagogues of Asia Minor and Greece.” In Jewish Religious Architecture: From Biblical Israel to Modern Judaism, edited by S. Fine, 122-33. Leiden: Brill.
  • Wilson, M. 2020a. Biblical Turkey: A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor, updated and revised. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları.
  • Wilson, M. 2020b. “Menorah - Hebrew Bible/Old Testament.” In Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, edited by H-J. Klauck, Vol. 18, ad loc. Berlin: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/ebr.menorah
Yıl 2020, Sayı: 23, 343 - 360, 15.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.47589/adalya.837991

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ameling, W. 2004. Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis. Vol. 2, Kleinasien. Text and Studies Ancient Judaism 99. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
  • Applebaum, A.S. 1974. “The Organization of the Jewish Communities in the Diaspora.” In The Jewish People in the First Century. Vol. 1, Historical Geography, Political History, Social, Cultural and Religious Life and Institutions, edited by S. Safrai and M. Stern, 464-503. Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum 1.1. Philadelphia: Fortress.
  • Barag, D. 1981. “An Aramaic Synagogue Inscription from the Hebron Area.” In Israel Exploration Journal Reader. Selected with a Prolegomenon. Vol. 2, edited by H.M. Orlinsky, 834-37. 2 vols. Library of Biblical Studies. New York: KTAV.
  • Barbantani, S. 2014. “Déjà la pierre pense où votre nom s’inscrit: Identity in Context in Verse Epitaphs for Hellenistic Soldiers.” In Hellenistic Studies at a Crossroads: Exploring Texts, Contexts, and Metatexts, edited by R. Hunter, A. Rengakos, and E. Sistakou, 301-34. Trends in Classics Suppl. 25. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
  • Bauckham, R. 2004. Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. Bean, G.E., and R.M. Harrison. 1967. “Choma in Lycia.” JRS 57.1-2:40-44.
  • Brilliant, R. 1989. “Jewish Art and Culture in Ancient Italy.” In Gardens and Ghettos: The Art of Jewish Life in Italy, edited by V.B. Mann, 67-91. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Burkhardt, N., and M. Wilson. 2013. “The Late Antique Synagogue in Priene: Its History, Architecture, and Context.” Gephyra. Journal for the Ancient History and Cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean 10:166-96.
  • Bussière, J., and B.L. Wohl. 2017. Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
  • Büyükyörük, F. 2014. “Sondage at Insula 124 Lot 13 in Kaleiçi, Antalya.” Anmed 12:267-71.
  • Carroll, S.T. 1992. “Pamphylia.” In The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 5, O-Sh, edited by D.N. Freedmen, 138-39. New York: Doubleday.
  • Chaniotis, A. 2002. “The Jews of Aphrodisias: New Evidence and Old Problems.” Scripta Classica Israelica 21:209-42.
  • Chaniotis, A. 2010. “Godfearers in the City of Love.” Biblical Archaeology Review 30.3:32-44, 77.
  • Çevik, N., Ö. Çömezoğlu, H.S. Öztürk, and İ. Türkoğlu. 2010. “A Unique Discovery in Lycia: The Ancient Synagogue at Andriake, Port of Myra.” Adalya 13:335-66.
  • Cimok, F. 2010. Journeys of Paul: From Tarsus to the Ends of the Earth. Istanbul: A Turizm.
  • Collar, A. 2013. Religious Networks in the Roman Empire: The Spread of New Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Derda, T. 1997. “Did the Jews Use the Name of Moses in Antiquity.” ZPE 115:257-60.
  • Derda, T. 1999. “The Jews and the Name of Moses in Antiquity - A Reply.” ZPE 124:210.
  • Elam, N. 2011. “Sigillografik Kaynaklar Işığında Bizans Dönemi Araştırmaları (MS 4.-15. Yüzyıllar).” In Side Antik Kenti 2011 Yılı Çalışmaları (Rapor), edited by H.S. Alanyalı, 436-47. http://bireklam.org/ kurumsal/dokuman/pdf/destekler/30-Sidekazi.pdf
  • Fairchild, M. 2013. “Why Perga? Paul’s Perilous Passage through Pisidia.” Biblical Archaeology Review 39.6:52-59, 84.
  • Fairchild, M. 2017. “Laodicea’s ‘Lukewarm’ Legacy: Conflicts of Prosperity in an Ancient Christian City.” Biblical Archaeology Review 43.2:30-39, 67.
  • Fine, S., ed. 1996. Sacred Realm: The Emergence of the Synagogue in the Ancient World. New York/ Oxford: Oxford University Press/Yeshiva University Museum.
  • Fine, S. 2012. “The Menorah and the Cross: Historiographical Reflections on a Recent Discovery from Laodicea on the Lycus.” In New Perspectives on Jewish-Christian Relations, edited by E. Carlebach and J.J. Schacter, 31-50. Brill Reference Library of Judaism 33. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Fine, S. 2015a. “When is a Menorah ‘Jewish’? On the Complexities of a Symbol during the Age of Transition.” In Age of Transition: Byzantine Culture in the Islamic World, edited by H.C. Evans, 38-53. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Symposia. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Fine, S. 2015b. “The Open Torah Ark: A Jewish Iconographic Type in Late Antique Rome and Sardis.” In Viewing Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology: VeHinnei Rachel - Essays in Honor of Rachel Hachlili, edited by A.E. Killebrew and G. Faßbeck, 121-34. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 172. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Fine, S., P.J. Schertz, and D.H. Sanders. 2017. “True Colors: Digital Reconstruction Restores Original Brilliance to the Arch of Titus.” Biblical Archaeology Review 43.3:28-35.
  • Fox, R.L. 1986. Pagans and Christians. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Ful, Ş.D., and S.L. Sørensen. 2014. “An Archisynagogus in Pontos.” ZPE 192:176-80.
  • Gasque, W.W. 1992. “Perga.” In The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 5, O-Sh, edited by D.N. Freedmen, 228. New York: Doubleday.
  • Grainger, J.D. 2009. The Cities of Pamphylia. Oxford/Oakville, CT: Oxbow.
  • Greenewalt, C.H., M.L. Rautman, and N.D. Cahill. 1988. “The Sardis Campaign of 1985.” In Preliminary Reports of ASOR-Sponsored Excavations 1982-85. BASOR Suppl. 25:55-92.
  • Hachlili, R. 1998. Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora. Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittleröse Osten 35. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill.
  • Hachlili, R. 2001. The Menorah, the Ancient Seven-Armed Candelabrum: Origin, Form, and Significance. Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 68. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill.
  • Hachlili, R. 2018. The Menorah: Evolving into the Most Important Jewish Symbol. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Horsley, G.H.R., and S. Mitchell, eds. 2000. The Inscriptions of Central Pisidia: Including Texts from Kremna, Ariassos, Keraia, Hyia, Panemoteichos, the Sanctuary of Apollo of the Perminoundeis, Sia, Kocaaliler and the Döşeme Boğazı. Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 57. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt.
  • Ilan, T. 2006. “The New Jewish Inscriptions from Hierapolis and the Question of Jewish Diaspora Cemeteries.” Scripta Classica Israelica 25:71-86.
  • Ilan, T. 2008. Lexicon of Jewish Names in Late Antiquity. Part 3, The Western Diaspora, 330 BCE - 650 CE. Text and Studies in Ancient Judaism 126. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
  • Işın, G. 2014. “The Sanctuaries and the Cult of Apollo in Southern Pisidia.” Anadolu/Anatolia 40:87-104.
  • Le Guen-Pollet, B., and B. Rémy. 1991. “Trois épitaphes gréco-juives de Sebastopolis du Pont (Sulusaray).” In Pontica I. Recherches sur l’histoire du Pont dans l’Antiquité, edited by B. Rémy, 117-23. Varia Anatolica 5. Centre Jean Palerne Mémoires 9. CÉRA Mémoires 1. Istanbul: Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes.
  • Leone, F., ed. 2017. La Menorà: Culto, Storia e Mito. Milano: Skira.
  • Metzger, B.M. 1975. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament. A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament. 3rd ed. New York: United Bible Societies.
  • Miranda. E. 1999. “La comunità giudaica di Hierapolis di Frigia.” EpigAnat 31:109-56.
  • Mitchell, S. 2003. “Inscriptions from Melli (Kocaaliler) in Pisidia.” AnatSt 53:139-59.
  • Ness, L. 2016. Perspectives on Early Islamic Art in Jerusalem. Arts and Archaeology of the Islamic World 5. Leiden/Boston: Brill.
  • Nollé, J. 2001. Side im Altertum. Geschichte und Zeugnisse. Band 2: Griechische und lateinische Inschriften (5-16) - Papyri - Inschriften in sidetischer Schrift und Sprache - Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen - Konkordanzen - Epigraphische Indices. Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 54. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt.
  • Reynolds, J., and R. Tannenbaum. 1987. Jews and Godfearers at Aphrodisias: Greek Inscriptions with Commentary. Texts from the Excavations at Aphrodisias conducted by Kenan T. Erim. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society Suppl. 12. Cambridge: Cambridge Philological Society.
  • Seager, A.R., and A.T. Kraabel. 1983. “The Synagogue and the Jewish Community.” In Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times, edited by G.M.A. Hanfmann, 168-90. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Seyer, M. 2014. “A Building with Jewish Elements in Limyra/Turkey - A Synagogue?” Journal of Ancient Judaism 5.2:142-52.
  • Şimşek, C. 2006. “A Menorah with a Cross Carved on a Column of Nymphaeum A at Laodicea ad Lycum.” JRA 19:343-46.
  • Talloen, P. 2003. “Cult in Pisidia. Religious Practice in Southwestern Asia Minor from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Period.” Ph.D. diss., KU Leuven.
  • TAM II Tituli Asiae Minoris, II. Tituli Lyciae linguis Graeca et Latina conscripti, E. Kalinka, ed. 3 fasc. Vienna 1920-1944. Fasc. 1, nos. 1-395, Pars Lyciae occidentalis cum Xantho oppido (1920); fasc. 2, nos. 396-717, Regio quae ad Xanthum flumen pertinet praeter Xanthum oppidum (1930); fasc. 3, nos. 718-1230, Regiones montanae a valle Xanthi fluminis ad oram orientalem (1944).
  • Trebilco, P. 1991. Jewish Communities in Asia Minor. Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 69. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Türkoğlu, İ. 2012. “Jews in Antalya (Attaleia/Adalia).” In International Young Scholars Conference I: Mediterranean Anatolia Symposium Proceedings 4-7 November 2009, edited by K. Dörtlük, T. Kahya, R. Boyraz Seyhan, and T. Ertekin. 489-96. Istanbul: AKMED.
  • Van der Horst, P.W. 2015. Saxa judaica loquuntur: Lessons from Early Jewish Inscriptions. Leiden/Boston:Brill.
  • Waelkens, M., and J. Poblome. 2011. Sagalassos, City of Dreams, edited by P. De Rynck and E. Torun. Ghent: Openbaar Kunstbezit Vlaanderen.
  • Williams, M.H. 1997a. “The Meaning and Function of IOUDAIOS in Graeco-Roman Inscriptions.” ZPE 116:249-62.
  • Williams, M.H. 1997b. “Jewish Use of Moses as a Personal Name in Graeco-Roman Antiquity - A Note.” ZPE 118:274.
  • Williams, M.H. 1998. The Jews among the Greek and Romans: A Diasporan Sourcebook. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Williams, M.H. 2002. “The Case for Jewish Use of Moses as a Personal Name in Graeco-Roman Antiquity.” ZPE 140:279-83.
  • Williams, M.H. 2013. Jews in a Graeco-Roman Environment. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 312. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Wilson, M. 2009. “The Route of Paul’s First Journey to Pisidian Antioch.” New Testament Studies 55.4:471-83.
  • Wilson, M. 2018. “The Denouement of Claudian Pamphylia-Lycia and its Implications for the Audience of Galatians.” Novum Testamentum 60.4:337-60.
  • Wilson, M. 2019a. “Jews and Christians in Ancient Lycia: A Fresh Appraisal.” In Aziz Nikolaos Kilisesi Kazıları 1989-2009, edited by S. Doğan and E.F. Fındık, 11-34. Istanbul: Homer Kitabevi.
  • Wilson, M. 2019b. “The Ancient Synagogues of Asia Minor and Greece.” In Jewish Religious Architecture: From Biblical Israel to Modern Judaism, edited by S. Fine, 122-33. Leiden: Brill.
  • Wilson, M. 2020a. Biblical Turkey: A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor, updated and revised. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları.
  • Wilson, M. 2020b. “Menorah - Hebrew Bible/Old Testament.” In Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, edited by H-J. Klauck, Vol. 18, ad loc. Berlin: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/ebr.menorah
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Mark Wılson Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8536-2718

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 23

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Wılson, Mark. “The Discovery of a Menorah in Attalia (Kaleiçi, Antalya) and Its Significance for Jewish Communities in Pamphylia”. Adalya, sy. 23 (Kasım 2020): 343-60. https://doi.org/10.47589/adalya.837991.

Submition Date for ADALYA

The submission of the articles is between 1 September and 30 November.

Please submit your articles to the mail address adalya@ku.edu.tr in this date range; post or cargo will not be accepted. Submissions shoul be made before November 30.