EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF TOOTHPASTES WITH DIFFERENT CONTENTS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 13 - 22, 02.10.2017

Ayça Kurt

Öz

Objectives: Antibacterial substances added to different toothpastes that are presented to the market with the claim of showing antibacterial effect are aimed at preventing periodontal diseases and tooth decay by controlling pathogen formation in the bacterial plaque. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate toothpastes with different contents for their antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus Mutans. Materials and methods: Disc diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial effect of 11 toothpastes with different contents and different antibacterial agents (ozone, ganoderma lucidum, tea tree oil, xylitol, zinc, propolis, theobromine, triclosan, sodium lauril sarkosinat) against S. mutans. 0.1 mL sample of toothpaste was placed in the centers of paper discs with syringe. Vaseline was used as control group. 3 discs were prepared for each test product. The inhibition zone diameter against the microorganism was measured after 48 hours with digital calipers. Statistical analysis was performed by One-way ANOVA and posthoc TUKEY test. Results: In this study, it was found that Triclosan-containing toothpaste showed the highest antibacterial effect followed by toothpastes containing Ganoderma Lucidium and Xylitol respectively. Toothpastes containing Tea Tree Oil, Theobromine and Sodium Lauryl Sarkosinate were found with the similar antibacterial effects and had lowest efficacy among other antibacterial agents. Among 3 different toothpastes containing theobromine, no antimicrobial effect was observed in the toothpaste produced for children. Conclusion: In recent years, manufacturers have been trying to use new products while using natural ingredients as well as increasing their success targets with multiple effects. However, the efficiency of antibacterial agents used for this purpose is controversial. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antibacterial effect, fluoride, Streptococcus mutans, toothpaste, zone of inhibition

Kaynakça

• [1] Saini S, Gupta N, Mahajan A, Arora DR, Aparna. Microbial flora in orodental infections. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2003;21(2):111-4.
• [2] Almas K, Mahmoud A, Dahlan A. A comparative study of propolis and saline application on human dentin. A SEM study. Indian J Dent Res. 2001;12(1):21-7.
• [3] Lee SS, Zhang W, Li Y. The antimicrobial potential of 14 natural herbal dentifrices: results of an in vitro diffusion method study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(8):1133-41.
• [4] O’Mullane DM, Baez RJ, Jones S, Lennon MA, Petersen PE, Rugg-Gunn AJ, et al. Fluoride and Oral Health. Community Dent Health. 2016;33(2):69-99.
• [5] Marsh PD. Dental plaque: biological significance of a biofilm and community lifestyle. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32 Suppl 6:715.
• [6] N. B. Farklı Diş Macunlarının Antibakteriyel Etkilerinin İn vitro Olarak İncelenmesi. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Dergi 2014;41(2):77-84.
• [7] Frencken JE, Peters MC, Manton DJ, Leal SC, Gordan VV, Eden E. Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries - a review: report of a FDI task group. Int Dent J. 2012;62(5):223-43.
• [8] De Rossi A, Ferreira DC, da Silva RA, de Queiroz AM, da Silva LA, NelsonFilho P. Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes containing natural extracts, chlorhexidine or triclosan. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):186-90.
• [9] Dulgergil CT AF, Bakir S. İçerikleri farklı dört diş macununun tükürük mutans streptokokları ve laktobasil düzeyine etkisi. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 1998;32(4):186-92.
• [10] Evans A, Leishman SJ, Walsh LJ, Seow WK. Inhibitory effects of children’s toothpastes on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(2):219-26.
• [11] Kalyoncu F, Oskay M, Sağlam H, Erdoğan TF, Tamer AU. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of mycelia of 10 wild mushroom species. J Med Food. 2010;13(2):415-9.
• [12 Roberts MC, Riedy CA, Coldwell SE, Nagahama S, Judge K, Lam M, et al. How xylitol-containing products affect cariogenic bacteria. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133(4):43541; quiz 92-3.
• [13] Trahan L, Néron S, Bareil M. Intracellular xylitol-phosphate hydrolysis and efflux of xylitol in Streptococcus sobrinus. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1991;6(1):41-50.
• [14] Takarada K, Kimizuka R, Takahashi N, Honma K, Okuda K, Kato T. A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2004;19(1):61-4.
• [15] Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):50-62.
• [16] Amaechi BT, Porteous N, Ramalingam K, Mensinkai PK, Ccahuana Vasquez RA, Sadeghpour A, et al. Remineralization of artificial enamel lesions by theobromine. Caries Res. 2013;47(5):399-405.
• [17] Kargul B, Özcan M, Peker S, Nakamoto T, Simmons WB, Falster AU. Evaluation of human enamel surfaces treated with theobromine: a pilot study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2012;10(3):275-82.
• [18] Domb WC. Ozone therapy in dentistry. A brief review for physicians. Interv Neuroradiol. 2014;20(5):632-6.
• [19] Polydorou O, Halili A, Wittmer A, Pelz K, Hahn P. The antibacterial effect of gas ozone after 2 months of in vitro evaluation. Clin Oral Investig. 2012;16(2):545-50.
• [20] T. P. Başlangıç Çürüklerinin Durdurulması ve Ozon ve Sealantların Kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental SciSpecial Topics. 2014;5(3):43-60.
• [21] Alpöz E, Çankaya H, Güneri P, Epstein JB, Boyacioglu H, Kabasakal Y, et al. Impact of Buccotherm® on xerostomia: a single blind study. Spec Care Dentist. 2015;35(1):1-7.
• [22] Yasar S.B AS, Kahraman L. Cinko Katkili Hidroksiapatitlerin Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Antimikrobiyal Etkisi. 1 Cosmetic Congress; Antalya2011.
• [23] Moran J, Addy M, Corry D, Newcombe RG, Haywood J. A study to assess the plaque inhibitory action of a new zinc citrate toothpaste formulation. J Clin Periodontol. 2001