The Evaluation of the Relationship Between Smoking Status and Thiol and Ischemia Modified Albumin Levels of COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Purpose: Smoking is an important risk factor for both the onset and poor prognosis for respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. There are no clear data on the relationship of COVID-19 to smoking status. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the thiol and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels of smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers among COVID-19 patients.

Materials and methods: 145 volunteer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to PCR test results were included in the study. These patients were divided into three groups as non-smokers (group 1, 49 patients), smokers (group 2, 52 patients), and ex-smokers (group 3, 44 patients). Venous blood samples were taken from the patients into serum tubes for the measurement of thiol and IMA levels. All statistical evaluations were performed using SPSS software program.

Results: When the groups were compared, a significant difference was found between the thiol levels of group 1 and group 3, and between group 2 and group 3 (respectively, p=0.021, p=0.008). When the IMA levels were examined, a significant difference was found between the IMA levels of group 1 and group 3, and between group 2 and group 3 (respectively, p=0.009, p=0.005).

Conclusion: Smoking disrupts the balance between the oxidant-antioxidant system in the body, this balance is also disrupted in the regeneration process in the body in COVID-19 patients who have quit smoking. In addition, although the relationship between COVID-19 disease and smoking is still controversial, it is undisputed that smoking has harmful effects on all systems in the whole body.

Keywords

• antioxidant
• coronavirüs
• inflammation
• oxidant
• sulfhydry

COVID-19 Hastalarının Sigara İçme Durumları ile Tiyol ve İskemi Modifiye Albumin Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Sigara, solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı ve akciğer kanseri için hem başlaması hem de kötü prognozu için önemli bir risk faktörüdür. COVID-19'un ciddiyetinin sigara içme durumu ile ilişkisi hakkında net bir veri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 hastalarında sigara içen, sigara içmeyen ve sigarayı bırakmış olanların, mevcut oksidatif stres durumlarının ve COVID-19 hastalığı ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi için tiyol ve iskemi modifiye albumin (İMA) düzeylerinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Araçlar ve Yöntem: PCR test sonuçlarına göre COVID-19 tanısı alan 145 gönüllü hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bu hastalar kendi içinde sigara içmeyenler (grup 1, 49 hasta), sigara içenler (grup 2, 52 hasta), ve sigara içip bırakmış olanlar (grup 3, 44 hasta) olacak şekilde üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Hastalardan tiyol ve İMA düzeylerinin ölçümü için jelli biyokimya tüplerine venöz kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Tüm istatistiksel hesaplamalar SPSS yazılım programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında grup 1 ile grup 3’ün ve grup 2 ile grup 3’ün tiyol düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (sırasıyla, p=0.021; p=0.008). İMA düzeylerine bakıldığında da yine grup 1 ile grup 3’ün ve grup 2 ile grup 3’ün İMA düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (sırasıyla, p=0.009; p=0.005).

Sonuç: Sigara kullanımının vücuttaki oksidan-antioksidan sistem arasındaki dengeyi bozmasının yanı sıra, sigarayı bırakmış COVID-19 hastalarında vücuttaki rejenerasyon sürecinde yine bu dengenin bozulduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca COVID-19 hastalığı ile sigara kullanımı arasındaki ilişki henüz tartışmalı olsa da sigaranın bütün vücuttaki bütün sistemler üzerine olan zararlı etkileri olduğu tartışmasızdır.

Keywords

• antioksidan
• inflamasyon
• koronavirüs
• sülfhidril
• oksidan

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