Research Article

High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity

Volume: 10 Number: 1 April 29, 2026
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High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity

Abstract

Purpose: Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a widely consumed functional food rich in omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, and fiber. However, due to its cyanogenic glycoside content, excessive consumption may lead to toxic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological effects of high-dose oral flaxseed administration on rat lung tissue. 

Materials and Methods: Thirty-two adult female Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 each): Control, Low Dose (1.4 g/kg/day), Medium Dose (2.8 g/kg/day), and High Dose (5.6 g/kg/day). Flaxseed was administered via oral gavage for seven days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Lung tissues were fixed in 10% neutral for-malin, stained with H&E, and examined under light microscopy 

Results: No pathological changes were observed in the control and low-dose groups. In the medium-dose group, vascular congestion was noted. The high-dose group exhibited vascular congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, and interalveolar septal thickening. These findings indicate that flaxseed administration induces dose-dependent inflammatory and structural alterations in lung tissue 

Conclusion: Short-term high-dose flaxseed intake causes significant histopathological changes in rat lung tissue. Findings such as vascular congestion, inflammatory infiltration, and septal thickening suggest potential pulmonary toxicity. The absence of similar findings at lower doses supports a dose-dependent relationship. These results emphasize the need for cautious use of functional herbal products and encourage further biochemical and molecular studies to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Keywords

Project Number

15/09/2022 06/87

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Süleyman Demirel University Local Animal Ethics Committee (Protocol No: 15.09.2022-06/87).

Thanks

The authors would like to thank the staff of the Süleyman Demirel University Experimental Animals and Medical Research Center for their support.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Emergency Medicine, Clinical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 29, 2026

Submission Date

August 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 6, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

APA
Armağan, H. H., Hatip, A. Y., Oğuzlar, F. Ç., & Armağan, İ. (2026). High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity. Ahi Evran Medical Journal, 10(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.1759173
AMA
1.Armağan HH, Hatip AY, Oğuzlar FÇ, Armağan İ. High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity. Ahi Evran Med J. 2026;10(1):59-65. doi:10.46332/aemj.1759173
Chicago
Armağan, Hamit Hakan, Ahmet Yunus Hatip, Furkan Çağrı Oğuzlar, and İlkay Armağan. 2026. “High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity”. Ahi Evran Medical Journal 10 (1): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.1759173.
EndNote
Armağan HH, Hatip AY, Oğuzlar FÇ, Armağan İ (April 1, 2026) High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity. Ahi Evran Medical Journal 10 1 59–65.
IEEE
[1]H. H. Armağan, A. Y. Hatip, F. Ç. Oğuzlar, and İ. Armağan, “High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity”, Ahi Evran Med J, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 59–65, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.46332/aemj.1759173.
ISNAD
Armağan, Hamit Hakan - Hatip, Ahmet Yunus - Oğuzlar, Furkan Çağrı - Armağan, İlkay. “High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity”. Ahi Evran Medical Journal 10/1 (April 1, 2026): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.1759173.
JAMA
1.Armağan HH, Hatip AY, Oğuzlar FÇ, Armağan İ. High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity. Ahi Evran Med J. 2026;10:59–65.
MLA
Armağan, Hamit Hakan, et al. “High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity”. Ahi Evran Medical Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 59-65, doi:10.46332/aemj.1759173.
Vancouver
1.Hamit Hakan Armağan, Ahmet Yunus Hatip, Furkan Çağrı Oğuzlar, İlkay Armağan. High Dose Flaxseed Exposure Induces Dose-Dependent Histopathological Alterations in Rat Lung Tissue: An Experimental Model of Cyanogenic Toxicity. Ahi Evran Med J. 2026 Apr. 1;10(1):59-65. doi:10.46332/aemj.1759173

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