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Investigation of Causality Relationships among COVID-19 Cases, ISE100 Index, Dollar, Euro, Gram Gold Prices and 2 Years Bond Rates: The Case of Turkey

Yıl 2020, , 29 - 42, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.731303

Öz

The purpose of this research is to analyze such economic data during the outbreak of the COVID-19 in Turkey. The variable rates were taken from COVID-19 situations, ISE-100 index, Turkish lira dollar (TRY), TRY euro prices, TRY gram Gold and two year bond rates. General COVID-19 information was provided and certain financial indicators were investigated in COVID-19 (47 days). First of all, these variables were used as descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. For the purposes of stationarity testing, the first variables were stationary with Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Terron Tests. The lag duration of the deployment model VECM was then calculated as the fourth lag with the highest information requirement. The co-integration relationship between the variables was calculated by the Johansen Cointegration Test. Thanks to this relationship, the variables have a long-term correlation. The Vector Fix Model (VECM) was chosen because it is co-integration. Inverse roots, autocorrelation and normality have been developed, which are essential assumptions to use the VECM (4) model; Therefore, the Granger Causality / Block Exogeneity Wald Test was applied to the variables of the VECM(4) model to define causality relationships between these variables. The results of this test have identified causalities for Turkey 2 years of government bond rates, Euro in TRY, Dollar prices in TRY and Gram in TRY.

Kaynakça

  • Agung, I. G.N. (2008). Time Series Data Analysis Using Eviews. Singapore:Wiley.
  • Agung, I. G. N. (2011). Cross Section and Experimental Data Analysis Using Eviews. Singapore:Wiley.
  • Ahmed, W.M. (2011). Comovements and Causality of Sector Price Indices: Evidence from the Egyptian Stock Exchange. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 4(3). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1740288. Accessed: 13 April 2020.
  • Akpolat, A.G. & Altıntaş N. (2013). Enerji Tüketimi İle Reel Gsyih Arasindaki Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik İlişkisi: 1961-2010 Dönemi. The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, 8(2), 115-127.
  • Andrei, D.M. & Andrei, L.C. (2015). Vector Error Correction Model in Explaining the Association of Some Macroeconomic Variables in Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 22, 568-576.
  • Baldwin, R. & Mauro, B.W. (2020). Economics in the Time of COVID-19. CEPR Press. Available at: https://voxeu.org/content/economics-time-covid-19. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Borsa İstanbul. (2020). Debt Instruments. Available at: https://www.borsaistanbul.com/urunler-ve-piyasalar/urunler/borclanma-araclari. Accessed: 26 April 2020.
  • Dickey, D. & Fuller, W. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74 (366), 427-431.
  • Egeli H.A. & Egeli H. (2008). Bir Geçiş Ekonomisi Olarak Kırgızistan’ın Dış Borçlarının Sürdürebilirliği. Sosyoekonomi Journal, 7(7), 11-26. Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
  • Garcia, M.T.M. & Rodrigues, A.C.G. (2019). The Dynamic Relationship Between Stock Market Indexes And Foreign Exchange. Research in Economics and Mathematics Working Paper, 090, 1-25.
  • Gormsen, N.J. & Koijen, R.S.J. (2020). Coronavirus: Impact on Stock Prices and Growth Expectations (April 8, 2020). University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2020-22. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3555917. Accessed: 17 April 2020.
  • Göçer, İ., Mercan, M., Peker, O., & Bulut, Ş. (2013) Türkiye’de Cari Açığın Nedenleri, Finansman Kalitesi ve Sürdürülebilirliği: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(1), 213-242.
  • Günaydın, İ. (2004). Vergi - Harcama Tartışması: Türkiye Örneği, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 63-181.
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004). Basic Econometrics. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
  • Horn, R.A. & Johnson, C.R. (1985). Topics in Matrix Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hosseini, S.M., Ahmad, Z., & Lai, Y.W. (2011). The Role of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Market Index in China and India. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(6), 233-143.
  • Johns Hopkins University (JHU). (2020). Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by The Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). Available at: https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6. Accessed: 25 April 2020.
  • Ju G., Meimei D., & Chao Z. (2009). A study on correlation of wind farms output in the large-scale wind power base. Constatin Brancusi Univeristy of Targu Jiu Annals - Economy Series, 1, 277-284, May.
  • Mushtaq, R. (2012). Augmented Dickey Fuller Test. SSRN Electronic Journal: 1-19. Available: at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1911068. Accessed: 13 April 2020.
  • Öztürk, S. & Pehlivan, Ö.S (2020). The Relationship between Democracy and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey: Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis (1974-2018). Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 9(17), 113–118.
  • Pharmaceutical Technology. (2020). Coronavirus: A timeline of How the Deadly Covid-19 Outbreak is Evolving. Available at: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/coronavirus-a-timeline-of-how-the-deadly-outbreak-evolved/. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Sevüktekin, M. & Nargeleçekenler, M. (2010). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Tarı, R. & Yıldırım, D.Ç. (2009). Döviz Kuru Belirsizliğinin İhracata Etkisi: Türkiye için Bir Uygulama. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 16(2). Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İ İ.B.F.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020a). Novel Coronavirus – China. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020b). Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020c). WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020d). Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection When Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Infection is Suspected: Interim Guidance. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health. (2020). Turkey’s Daily Coronavirus Table. Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. Accessed: 25 April 2020.
Yıl 2020, , 29 - 42, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.731303

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agung, I. G.N. (2008). Time Series Data Analysis Using Eviews. Singapore:Wiley.
  • Agung, I. G. N. (2011). Cross Section and Experimental Data Analysis Using Eviews. Singapore:Wiley.
  • Ahmed, W.M. (2011). Comovements and Causality of Sector Price Indices: Evidence from the Egyptian Stock Exchange. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 4(3). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1740288. Accessed: 13 April 2020.
  • Akpolat, A.G. & Altıntaş N. (2013). Enerji Tüketimi İle Reel Gsyih Arasindaki Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik İlişkisi: 1961-2010 Dönemi. The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, 8(2), 115-127.
  • Andrei, D.M. & Andrei, L.C. (2015). Vector Error Correction Model in Explaining the Association of Some Macroeconomic Variables in Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 22, 568-576.
  • Baldwin, R. & Mauro, B.W. (2020). Economics in the Time of COVID-19. CEPR Press. Available at: https://voxeu.org/content/economics-time-covid-19. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Borsa İstanbul. (2020). Debt Instruments. Available at: https://www.borsaistanbul.com/urunler-ve-piyasalar/urunler/borclanma-araclari. Accessed: 26 April 2020.
  • Dickey, D. & Fuller, W. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74 (366), 427-431.
  • Egeli H.A. & Egeli H. (2008). Bir Geçiş Ekonomisi Olarak Kırgızistan’ın Dış Borçlarının Sürdürebilirliği. Sosyoekonomi Journal, 7(7), 11-26. Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
  • Garcia, M.T.M. & Rodrigues, A.C.G. (2019). The Dynamic Relationship Between Stock Market Indexes And Foreign Exchange. Research in Economics and Mathematics Working Paper, 090, 1-25.
  • Gormsen, N.J. & Koijen, R.S.J. (2020). Coronavirus: Impact on Stock Prices and Growth Expectations (April 8, 2020). University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2020-22. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3555917. Accessed: 17 April 2020.
  • Göçer, İ., Mercan, M., Peker, O., & Bulut, Ş. (2013) Türkiye’de Cari Açığın Nedenleri, Finansman Kalitesi ve Sürdürülebilirliği: Ekonometrik Bir Analiz, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(1), 213-242.
  • Günaydın, İ. (2004). Vergi - Harcama Tartışması: Türkiye Örneği, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 63-181.
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004). Basic Econometrics. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.
  • Horn, R.A. & Johnson, C.R. (1985). Topics in Matrix Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hosseini, S.M., Ahmad, Z., & Lai, Y.W. (2011). The Role of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Market Index in China and India. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(6), 233-143.
  • Johns Hopkins University (JHU). (2020). Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by The Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). Available at: https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6. Accessed: 25 April 2020.
  • Ju G., Meimei D., & Chao Z. (2009). A study on correlation of wind farms output in the large-scale wind power base. Constatin Brancusi Univeristy of Targu Jiu Annals - Economy Series, 1, 277-284, May.
  • Mushtaq, R. (2012). Augmented Dickey Fuller Test. SSRN Electronic Journal: 1-19. Available: at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1911068. Accessed: 13 April 2020.
  • Öztürk, S. & Pehlivan, Ö.S (2020). The Relationship between Democracy and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey: Toda-Yamamoto Causality Analysis (1974-2018). Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 9(17), 113–118.
  • Pharmaceutical Technology. (2020). Coronavirus: A timeline of How the Deadly Covid-19 Outbreak is Evolving. Available at: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/coronavirus-a-timeline-of-how-the-deadly-outbreak-evolved/. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Sevüktekin, M. & Nargeleçekenler, M. (2010). Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Tarı, R. & Yıldırım, D.Ç. (2009). Döviz Kuru Belirsizliğinin İhracata Etkisi: Türkiye için Bir Uygulama. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 16(2). Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İ İ.B.F.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020a). Novel Coronavirus – China. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020b). Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020c). WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO). (2020d). Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection When Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Infection is Suspected: Interim Guidance. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf. Accessed: 16 April 2020.
  • Turkish Ministry of Health. (2020). Turkey’s Daily Coronavirus Table. Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. Accessed: 25 April 2020.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yöneylem
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yüksel Akay Ünvan 0000-0002-0983-1455

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünvan, Y. A. (2020). Investigation of Causality Relationships among COVID-19 Cases, ISE100 Index, Dollar, Euro, Gram Gold Prices and 2 Years Bond Rates: The Case of Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal, 8(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.731303

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