Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 167 - 184, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.1133328

Abstract

References

  • Ba, S., & Pavlou, P. A. (2002). Evidence of the Effect of Trust Building Technology in Electronic Markets: Price Premiums and Buyer Behavior. MIS Quarterly, 26(3), 243–268.
  • Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Schepers, J. (2014). Trust transfer in the continued usage of public e-services. Information and Management, 51(6), 627–640.
  • Birtch, T., Chiang, F. & Van Esch, E., 2016. A social exchange theory framework for understanding the job characteristics–job outcomes relationship: the mediating role of psychological contract fulfillment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(11), pp. 1217-1236.
  • Brengman, M., & Karimov, F. P. (2012). The effect of web communities on consumers’ initial trust in B2C e-commerce websites. Management Research Review, 35(9), 791–817.
  • Chang, M. K., Cheung, W., & Tang, M. (2013). Building trust online: Interactions among trust building mechanisms. Information and Management, 50(7), 439–445.
  • Chen, M. Y., & Teng, C. I. (2013). A comprehensive model of the effects of online store image on purchase intention in an e-commerce environment. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 1–23.
  • Chien, S. H., Chen, Y. H., & Hsu, C. Y. (2012). Exploring the impact of trust and relational embeddedness in e-marketplaces: An empirical study in Taiwan. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(3), 460–468.
  • Chu, W. & Chu, W., 1994. Signaling Quality by Selling Through a Reputable Retailer: An Example of Renting the Reputation of Another Agent. Marketing Science, 13(2), pp. 177-189.
  • Cox, A. D., Cox, D., & Zimet, G. (2006). Understanding Consumer Responses to Product Risk Information. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 79–91.
  • Cox, D. (1967). The Sorting Rule Model of the Consumer Product Evaluation Process. D. Cox içinde, Risk Taking and Information Handling Consumer Behavior. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration.
  • Cyr, D. (2008). Modeling Web Site Design Across Cultures: Relationships to Trust, Satisfaction, and E-Loyalty. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(4), 47–72.
  • Czakon, W., & Czernek, K. (2016). The role of trust-building mechanisms in entering into network coopetition: The case of tourism networks in Poland. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 64-74.
  • Dholakia, R. & Kshetri, N., 2004. Factors impacting the adoption of the internet among SMEs. Small Business Economics, 23(4), pp. 311-322.
  • Du, T. C., Li, E. Y., & Wei, E. (2005). Mobile agents for a brokering service in the electronic marketplace. Decision Support Systems, 39(3), 371–383.
  • Dwyer, C., Hiltz, S. & Passerini, K., 2007. Trust and privacy concern within social networking sites: A comparison of facebook, and mySpace. Colorado, USA, America conference on information systems.
  • Flavián, C., & Guinalíu, M. (2006). Consumer trust, perceived security and privacy policy: Three basic elements of loyalty to a web site. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(5), 601–620.
  • Gregor, S., & Jones, D. (2007). The Anatomy of a Design Theory. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 8(5), 312–335.
  • Greiner, M. E., & Wang, H. (2010). Building Consumer-to-Consumer Trust in E-Finance Marketplaces: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(2), 105–136.
  • Gummerus, J., Liljander, V., Pura, M., & van Riel, A. (2004). Customer loyalty to content-based Web sites: the case of an online health-care service. Ournal of Services Marketing, 18(3), 175–186.
  • Hampshire, K., Hamill, H., Mariwah, S., Mwanga, J., & Amoako-Sakyi, D. (2017). The application of Signalling Theory to health-related trust problems: The example of herbal clinics in Ghana and Tanzania. Social Science and Medicine, 188, 109–118.
  • Hassen, Y. & Svensson, A., 2014. The Role of E-commerce for the Growth of Small Enterprises in Ethiopia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 65(1), pp. 1-20.
  • He, M., Jennings, N. R., & Leung, H. (2003). On Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce. Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 15(4), 985–1003.
  • Hemphill, T. A. (2002). Electronic Commerce and Consumer Privacy: Establishing Online Trust in the U.S. Digital Economy. Business & Society Review, 107(2), 221.
  • Hevner, A. R. (2007). A Three Cycle View of Design Science Research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 19(2), 87–92.
  • Homans, G., 1958. Social Behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), pp. 597-606.
  • Hong, I. B., & Cho, H. (2011). The impact of consumer trust on attitudinal loyalty and purchase intentions in B2C e-marketplaces: Intermediary trust vs. seller trust. International Journal of Information Management, 31(5), 469–479.
  • Kim, T., Kim, W. G., & Kim, H. B. (2009). The effects of perceived justice on recovery satisfaction, trust, word-of-mouth, and revisit intention in upscale hotels. Tourism Management, 30(1), 51–62.
  • Kim, J., & Wulf, E. (2010). Move to Depth: Buyer-Provider Interactions in Online Service Marketplaces. e-Service Journal, 7(1), 2-14.
  • Kimery, K. M., & McCord, M. (2006). Signals of Trustworthiness in E-Commerce. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 4(4), 52–74.
  • Ko, J. & Hur, S., 2014. he Impacts of Employee Benefits, Procedural Justice, and Managerial Trustworthiness on Work Attitudes: Integrated Understanding Based on Social Exchange Theory. Public Administration Review, 74(2), pp. 176-187.
  • Kot, S., Grabara, J. K., Sandu, M., & Ilescu, M. M. I. H. Ă. (2011). Trust in B2B e-Marketplaces. Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 11(3), 115–120.
  • Lancastre, A., & Lages, L. F. (2006). The relationship between buyer and a B2B e-marketplace: Cooperation determinants in an electronic market context. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(6), 774–789.
  • Lee, G., & Lin, H. (2005). Customer perceptions of e‐service quality in online shopping. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(2), 161–176.
  • Li, H., Fang, Y., Wang, Y., Kim, L., & Liang, L. (2015). Are all signals equal? Investigating the differential effects of online signals on the sales performance of e-market place sellers. Information Technology and People, 28(3), 699-723.
  • Liang, T.-P., Ho, Y.-T., Li, Y.-W., & Turban, E. (2011). What Drives Social Commerce: The Role of Social Support and Relationship Quality. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 16(2), 69–90.
  • Lieberman, M., & Montgomery, D. (1988). First‐mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), 41-58.
  • Liu, C., Marchewka, J., Lu, J. & Yu, C., 2005. Beyond concern – a privacy-trust-behavioral intention model of electronic commerce. Information & Management, 42(2), pp. 289-304.
  • Liu, L., Lee, M., Liu, R., & Chen, J. (2018). Trust transfer in social media brand communities: The role of consumer engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 41(28), 1–13.
  • Luo, Q., & Zhang, H. (2016). Building interpersonal trust in a travel-related virtual community: A case study on Guangzhou couchsurfing community. Tourism Management, 54, 107–121.
  • McKnight, Kacmar, & Choudhury. (2004). Dispositional Trust and Distrust Distinctions in Predicting High- and Low-Risk Internet Expert Advice Site Perceptions. E-Service Journal, 3(2), 35.
  • Mavlanova, T., Benbunan-Fich, R., & Koufaris, M. (2012). Signaling theory and information asymmetry in online commerce. Information and Management, 49(5), 240–247.
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.
  • Migiro, S., 2006. Diffusion of ICTs and E-commerce Adoption in Manufacturing SMEs in Kenya. South African Journal of Library Science, 72(1), pp. 35-44.
  • Miyazaki, A. & Krishnamurthy, S., 2002. Internet seals of approval: effect on online privacy policies and consumer perceptions. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 36(1), pp. 28-49.
  • Olson, J. (1972). Cue Utilization in the Quality Perception Process: A Cognitive Model and an Empirical Test. Doctoral Dissertation. Purdue University.
  • Olson, J., & Jacoby, J. (1972). Cue Utilization in the Quality Perception Process. Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research (s. 167-179). Chicago, IL: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Park, C.-H., & Kim, Y.-G. (2003). Identifying key factors affecting consumer purchase behavior in an online shopping context. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 31(1), 16-29.
  • Pavlou, P. A., & Gefen, D. (2004). Building Effective Online Marketplaces with Institution-Based Trust. Information Systems Research, 15(1), 37–59.
  • Pee, L. G., Jiang, J., & Klein, G. (2018). Signaling Effect of Website Usability on Repurchase Intention. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 228–241.
  • Peterson, D., Meinert, D., Criswell, J., & Crossland, M. (2007). Consumer trust: privacy policies and third-party seals. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(4), 654–669.
  • Pezoldt, K., Michaelis, A., Roschk, H., & Geigenmueller, A. (2014). The Differential Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue-utilization in Hedonic Product Consumption — An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business and Economics, 5(8), 1282–1293.
  • Piscicelli, L., Ludden, G., & Cooper, T. (2018). What makes a sustainable business model successful? An empirical comparison of two peer-to-peer goods-sharing platforms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172(20), 4580-4591.
  • Purohit, D., & Srivastava, J. (2001). Effect of Manufacturer Reputation, Retailer Reputation, and Product Warranty on Consumer Judgments of Product Quality: A Cue Diagnosticity Framework. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10(3), 123–134.
  • Rajgopal, S., Venkatachalam, M. & Kotha, S., 2003. The Value Relevance of Network Advantages: The Case of E-Commerce Firms. Journal of Accounting Research, 41(1), pp. 135-162.
  • Richardson, P. S., Dick, A. S., & Jain, A. K. (1994). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue Effects on Perceptions of Store Brand Quality. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 28.
  • Shiau, W. L., & Luo, M. M. (2012). Factors affecting online group buying intention and satisfaction: A social exchange theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2431–2444.
  • Söllner, M., Hoffmann, A., & Leimeister, J. M. (2016). Why different trust relationships matter for information systems users. European Journal of Information Systems, 25(3), 274–287.
  • Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355.
  • Stewart, K. (2003). Trust transfer on the world wide web. Organization Science, 14(1), 5-17.
  • Stewart, K. (2006). How hypertext links influence consumer perceptions to build and degrade trust online. Journal of Management Information Systems, 23(1), 183-210.
  • Stouthuysen, K., Teunis, I., Reusen, E., & Slabbinck, H. (2018). Initial trust and intentions to buy: The effect of vendor-specific guarantees, customer reviews and the role of online shopping experience. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 27, 23–38.
  • Syuhada, A. A., & Gambett, W. (2013). Online Marketplace for Indonesian Micro Small and Medium Enterprises based on Social Media. In 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (11), pp. 446–454).

Building Trust in E-Commerce: A Practical Trust Guide for Evaluation

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 167 - 184, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.1133328

Abstract

Market power in electronic marketplaces is increasingly developing into a monopoly. Digital pioneers like Amazon and eBay do not want to give up their market share easily. Especially, Small and Medium Enterprises, which try to offer their services online, have great difficulties to gain market share. To understand the causes, we start a systematic literature review. The results shows that building trust is a necessary precondition for success in e-commerce. For many small and medium-sized companies, entering e-commerce market is a completely new business field. Therefore, they lack the knowledge and experience to successfully build online trust. To solve this problem, we use Design Science Research approach and develop a Trust Guide for online trust building. The Trust Guide is a set of design principles derived from trust theories. Our aim is to give Small and Medium Enterprises practical guidance and help them to successfully build online trust in e-commerce.

References

  • Ba, S., & Pavlou, P. A. (2002). Evidence of the Effect of Trust Building Technology in Electronic Markets: Price Premiums and Buyer Behavior. MIS Quarterly, 26(3), 243–268.
  • Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Schepers, J. (2014). Trust transfer in the continued usage of public e-services. Information and Management, 51(6), 627–640.
  • Birtch, T., Chiang, F. & Van Esch, E., 2016. A social exchange theory framework for understanding the job characteristics–job outcomes relationship: the mediating role of psychological contract fulfillment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(11), pp. 1217-1236.
  • Brengman, M., & Karimov, F. P. (2012). The effect of web communities on consumers’ initial trust in B2C e-commerce websites. Management Research Review, 35(9), 791–817.
  • Chang, M. K., Cheung, W., & Tang, M. (2013). Building trust online: Interactions among trust building mechanisms. Information and Management, 50(7), 439–445.
  • Chen, M. Y., & Teng, C. I. (2013). A comprehensive model of the effects of online store image on purchase intention in an e-commerce environment. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), 1–23.
  • Chien, S. H., Chen, Y. H., & Hsu, C. Y. (2012). Exploring the impact of trust and relational embeddedness in e-marketplaces: An empirical study in Taiwan. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(3), 460–468.
  • Chu, W. & Chu, W., 1994. Signaling Quality by Selling Through a Reputable Retailer: An Example of Renting the Reputation of Another Agent. Marketing Science, 13(2), pp. 177-189.
  • Cox, A. D., Cox, D., & Zimet, G. (2006). Understanding Consumer Responses to Product Risk Information. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 79–91.
  • Cox, D. (1967). The Sorting Rule Model of the Consumer Product Evaluation Process. D. Cox içinde, Risk Taking and Information Handling Consumer Behavior. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration.
  • Cyr, D. (2008). Modeling Web Site Design Across Cultures: Relationships to Trust, Satisfaction, and E-Loyalty. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(4), 47–72.
  • Czakon, W., & Czernek, K. (2016). The role of trust-building mechanisms in entering into network coopetition: The case of tourism networks in Poland. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 64-74.
  • Dholakia, R. & Kshetri, N., 2004. Factors impacting the adoption of the internet among SMEs. Small Business Economics, 23(4), pp. 311-322.
  • Du, T. C., Li, E. Y., & Wei, E. (2005). Mobile agents for a brokering service in the electronic marketplace. Decision Support Systems, 39(3), 371–383.
  • Dwyer, C., Hiltz, S. & Passerini, K., 2007. Trust and privacy concern within social networking sites: A comparison of facebook, and mySpace. Colorado, USA, America conference on information systems.
  • Flavián, C., & Guinalíu, M. (2006). Consumer trust, perceived security and privacy policy: Three basic elements of loyalty to a web site. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(5), 601–620.
  • Gregor, S., & Jones, D. (2007). The Anatomy of a Design Theory. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 8(5), 312–335.
  • Greiner, M. E., & Wang, H. (2010). Building Consumer-to-Consumer Trust in E-Finance Marketplaces: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(2), 105–136.
  • Gummerus, J., Liljander, V., Pura, M., & van Riel, A. (2004). Customer loyalty to content-based Web sites: the case of an online health-care service. Ournal of Services Marketing, 18(3), 175–186.
  • Hampshire, K., Hamill, H., Mariwah, S., Mwanga, J., & Amoako-Sakyi, D. (2017). The application of Signalling Theory to health-related trust problems: The example of herbal clinics in Ghana and Tanzania. Social Science and Medicine, 188, 109–118.
  • Hassen, Y. & Svensson, A., 2014. The Role of E-commerce for the Growth of Small Enterprises in Ethiopia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 65(1), pp. 1-20.
  • He, M., Jennings, N. R., & Leung, H. (2003). On Agent-Mediated Electronic Commerce. Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 15(4), 985–1003.
  • Hemphill, T. A. (2002). Electronic Commerce and Consumer Privacy: Establishing Online Trust in the U.S. Digital Economy. Business & Society Review, 107(2), 221.
  • Hevner, A. R. (2007). A Three Cycle View of Design Science Research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 19(2), 87–92.
  • Homans, G., 1958. Social Behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), pp. 597-606.
  • Hong, I. B., & Cho, H. (2011). The impact of consumer trust on attitudinal loyalty and purchase intentions in B2C e-marketplaces: Intermediary trust vs. seller trust. International Journal of Information Management, 31(5), 469–479.
  • Kim, T., Kim, W. G., & Kim, H. B. (2009). The effects of perceived justice on recovery satisfaction, trust, word-of-mouth, and revisit intention in upscale hotels. Tourism Management, 30(1), 51–62.
  • Kim, J., & Wulf, E. (2010). Move to Depth: Buyer-Provider Interactions in Online Service Marketplaces. e-Service Journal, 7(1), 2-14.
  • Kimery, K. M., & McCord, M. (2006). Signals of Trustworthiness in E-Commerce. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 4(4), 52–74.
  • Ko, J. & Hur, S., 2014. he Impacts of Employee Benefits, Procedural Justice, and Managerial Trustworthiness on Work Attitudes: Integrated Understanding Based on Social Exchange Theory. Public Administration Review, 74(2), pp. 176-187.
  • Kot, S., Grabara, J. K., Sandu, M., & Ilescu, M. M. I. H. Ă. (2011). Trust in B2B e-Marketplaces. Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 11(3), 115–120.
  • Lancastre, A., & Lages, L. F. (2006). The relationship between buyer and a B2B e-marketplace: Cooperation determinants in an electronic market context. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(6), 774–789.
  • Lee, G., & Lin, H. (2005). Customer perceptions of e‐service quality in online shopping. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(2), 161–176.
  • Li, H., Fang, Y., Wang, Y., Kim, L., & Liang, L. (2015). Are all signals equal? Investigating the differential effects of online signals on the sales performance of e-market place sellers. Information Technology and People, 28(3), 699-723.
  • Liang, T.-P., Ho, Y.-T., Li, Y.-W., & Turban, E. (2011). What Drives Social Commerce: The Role of Social Support and Relationship Quality. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 16(2), 69–90.
  • Lieberman, M., & Montgomery, D. (1988). First‐mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), 41-58.
  • Liu, C., Marchewka, J., Lu, J. & Yu, C., 2005. Beyond concern – a privacy-trust-behavioral intention model of electronic commerce. Information & Management, 42(2), pp. 289-304.
  • Liu, L., Lee, M., Liu, R., & Chen, J. (2018). Trust transfer in social media brand communities: The role of consumer engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 41(28), 1–13.
  • Luo, Q., & Zhang, H. (2016). Building interpersonal trust in a travel-related virtual community: A case study on Guangzhou couchsurfing community. Tourism Management, 54, 107–121.
  • McKnight, Kacmar, & Choudhury. (2004). Dispositional Trust and Distrust Distinctions in Predicting High- and Low-Risk Internet Expert Advice Site Perceptions. E-Service Journal, 3(2), 35.
  • Mavlanova, T., Benbunan-Fich, R., & Koufaris, M. (2012). Signaling theory and information asymmetry in online commerce. Information and Management, 49(5), 240–247.
  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.
  • Migiro, S., 2006. Diffusion of ICTs and E-commerce Adoption in Manufacturing SMEs in Kenya. South African Journal of Library Science, 72(1), pp. 35-44.
  • Miyazaki, A. & Krishnamurthy, S., 2002. Internet seals of approval: effect on online privacy policies and consumer perceptions. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 36(1), pp. 28-49.
  • Olson, J. (1972). Cue Utilization in the Quality Perception Process: A Cognitive Model and an Empirical Test. Doctoral Dissertation. Purdue University.
  • Olson, J., & Jacoby, J. (1972). Cue Utilization in the Quality Perception Process. Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research (s. 167-179). Chicago, IL: Association for Consumer Research.
  • Park, C.-H., & Kim, Y.-G. (2003). Identifying key factors affecting consumer purchase behavior in an online shopping context. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 31(1), 16-29.
  • Pavlou, P. A., & Gefen, D. (2004). Building Effective Online Marketplaces with Institution-Based Trust. Information Systems Research, 15(1), 37–59.
  • Pee, L. G., Jiang, J., & Klein, G. (2018). Signaling Effect of Website Usability on Repurchase Intention. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 228–241.
  • Peterson, D., Meinert, D., Criswell, J., & Crossland, M. (2007). Consumer trust: privacy policies and third-party seals. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(4), 654–669.
  • Pezoldt, K., Michaelis, A., Roschk, H., & Geigenmueller, A. (2014). The Differential Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue-utilization in Hedonic Product Consumption — An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business and Economics, 5(8), 1282–1293.
  • Piscicelli, L., Ludden, G., & Cooper, T. (2018). What makes a sustainable business model successful? An empirical comparison of two peer-to-peer goods-sharing platforms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172(20), 4580-4591.
  • Purohit, D., & Srivastava, J. (2001). Effect of Manufacturer Reputation, Retailer Reputation, and Product Warranty on Consumer Judgments of Product Quality: A Cue Diagnosticity Framework. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10(3), 123–134.
  • Rajgopal, S., Venkatachalam, M. & Kotha, S., 2003. The Value Relevance of Network Advantages: The Case of E-Commerce Firms. Journal of Accounting Research, 41(1), pp. 135-162.
  • Richardson, P. S., Dick, A. S., & Jain, A. K. (1994). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cue Effects on Perceptions of Store Brand Quality. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 28.
  • Shiau, W. L., & Luo, M. M. (2012). Factors affecting online group buying intention and satisfaction: A social exchange theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2431–2444.
  • Söllner, M., Hoffmann, A., & Leimeister, J. M. (2016). Why different trust relationships matter for information systems users. European Journal of Information Systems, 25(3), 274–287.
  • Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355.
  • Stewart, K. (2003). Trust transfer on the world wide web. Organization Science, 14(1), 5-17.
  • Stewart, K. (2006). How hypertext links influence consumer perceptions to build and degrade trust online. Journal of Management Information Systems, 23(1), 183-210.
  • Stouthuysen, K., Teunis, I., Reusen, E., & Slabbinck, H. (2018). Initial trust and intentions to buy: The effect of vendor-specific guarantees, customer reviews and the role of online shopping experience. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 27, 23–38.
  • Syuhada, A. A., & Gambett, W. (2013). Online Marketplace for Indonesian Micro Small and Medium Enterprises based on Social Media. In 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (11), pp. 446–454).
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Operation
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatih Çevik 0000-0003-3448-3218

Tuğba Koç 0000-0002-2454-9992

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date June 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çevik, F., & Koç, T. (2022). Building Trust in E-Commerce: A Practical Trust Guide for Evaluation. Alphanumeric Journal, 10(2), 167-184. https://doi.org/10.17093/alphanumeric.1133328

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