PEMBE KAPİTALİZM VE LGBT'NİN İŞ DÜNYASINDAKİ GÖRÜNÜRLÜĞÜ: BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 167 - 197, 29.09.2024
Muhammet Negiz
,
Burak Acar
,
Ömer Miraç Yaman
Öz
Bu çalışmada başta çokuluslu şirketler olmak üzere işletmelerin LGBT topluluğuna yönelik ilgisinin akademik çalışmalara nasıl yansıdığı ve çalışmaları ne yönde etkilediğini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Şirketler ve LGBT bağlamında 1999-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanmış ve WoS veri tabanında yer alan 153 çalışma bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Belirlenen anahtar kelimeler ilgili veri tabanında taranarak R programında Bibliometrik paketi aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmalar 8 farklı temada tasnif edilmiştir. LGBT ve şirket ilişkili araştırmalarının daha çok medya, şirket politikaları ve uygulamaları, siyaset-devlet-politika ilişkileri üzerinden ele alındığı anlaşılmıştır. Son yıllarda artış gösteren LGBT-şirket ilişkili yayınlar, şirketlerin LGBT topluluğuna ilgisinin pazarlama, istihdam ve insan hakları odağında giderek artacağı izlenimini vermektedir.
Kaynakça
- Alikılıç, İ. (2021). İletişim ve iletişim araştırmalarında R studio ile veri görselleştirme. Ankara: İksad Yayınevi.
- Alimi, B. (2016, 4 Mayıs). What role should business play in promoting LGBT rights in Africa? World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/05/lgbt-rights-africa-business adresinden erişildi.
- Alkhammash, R. (2023). Bibliometric, network, and thematic mapping analyses of metaphor and discourse ın covid-19 publications from 2020 to 2022. Frontiers in Psychology, (13). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1062943
- Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
- Benbow, A. (2022). Research report for [un]seen. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects/751 adresinden erişildi.
- Bridges, R. (2013, 26 Haziran). How do we solve a problem like “queerbaiting”?: On TV’s not-so-subtle gay subtext. Autostraddle. https://www.autostraddle.com/how-do-we-solve-a-problem-like-queerbaiting-on-tvs-not-so-subtle-gay-subtext-182718/ adresinden erişildi.
- Brooke-Marciniak, B. A. (2016, 22 Haziran). After Orlando, multinationals cannot turn a blind eye to homophobia. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/post-orlando-what-can-multinationals-do adresinden erişildi.
- Buchter, L. (2019). “Companies can do better than the law”: securing rights for minorities as an insider activist in french corporations. Studies in Law Politics and Society, 81, 11-44. doi: 10.1108/S1059-433720190000081002/FULL/EPUB
- Buttle, R. (2022, 26 Haziran). A conversation with Justin Nelson, co-founder and president of the National LGBT Chamber Of Commerce. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/rhettbuttle/2022/06/29/a-conversation-with-justin-nelson-co-founder-and-president-of-the-national-lgbt-chamber-of-commerce/?sh=363263914fdf adresinden erişildi.
- Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 146-166. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2010.10.002
- Colgan, F., & McKearney, A. (2012). Visibility and voice in organisations: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered employee networks. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 31(4), 359-378. doi: 10.1108/02610151211223049/FULL/PDF
- Dönbak, E. R. (2020). Kültür ve turizm araştırmalarının bilim haritalama teknikleri ile bibliyometrik analizi. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 17, 52-78.
- Emory, K., Buchting, F. O., Trinidad, D. R., Vera, L., & Emery, S. L. (2019). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) view it differently than non-lgbt: exposure to tobacco-related couponing, e-cigarette advertisements, and anti-tobacco messages on social and traditional media. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 21(4), 513-522. doi: 10.1093/NTR/NTY049
- Everly, B. A., & Schwarz, J. L. (2015). Predictors of the adoption of lgbt-friendly hr policies. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 367-384. doi: 10.1002/HRM.21622
- Fallin, A., Goodin, A. J., & King, B. A. (2015). Menthol cigarette smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 93-97. doi: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2014.07.044
- Grau, S. L., & Zotos, Y. C. (2016). Gender stereotypes in advertising: a review of current research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1203556, 35(5), 761-770. doi: 10.1080/02650487.2016.1203556
- Griffin, C. (2017, 9 Ocak). The LGBTQ Equality Movement Has Come Too Far to Be Beaten Now . World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/lgbt-equality-has-come-so-far-chad-griffin adresinden erişildi.
- Gutierrez, L., Montiel, I., Surroca, J. A., & Tribo, J. A. (2022). Rainbow wash or rainbow revolution? dynamic stakeholder engagement for sdg-driven responsible ınnovation. Journal of Business Ethics, 180(4), 1113-1136. doi: 10.1007/s10551-022-05190-2
- Langenburg, A. (2021, 21 Haziran). Raduzhniy Kapitalizm: Za i Protiv. Parni Plus. https://parniplus.com/lgbt-movement/lgbt-kapitalizm-za-i-protiv/ adresinden erişildi.
- Maks-Solomon, C., & Drewry, J. M. (2021). Why do corporations engage in lgbt rights activism? lgbt employee groups as ınternal pressure groups. Business and Politics, 23(1), 124-152. doi:10.1017/bap.2020.5
- Malyutina, A. (2021, 29 Haziran). Raduzhnaya Obolochka. Kak Rossiyskie Brendy Podderzhivayut LGBTK+ i Nikogo Ne Boyatsya. Blue Print. https://theblueprint.ru/fashion/industry/pride-month-rainbow-washing adresinden erişildi.
- manchester.ac.uk. (2005). Web of Science. University of Manchester. https://www.librarysearch.manchester.ac.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=44MAN_INST:MU_NUI&isFrbr=true&tab=local&docid=alma992975775680101631&context=L&lang=en adresinden erişildi.
- Merriam-Webster.com. (t.y.). Heteronormativity Definition & Meaning. Dictionary, Merriam-Webster. 10 Nisan 2023 tarihinde https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heteronormativity adresinden erişildi.
- Mølstad, C. E., & Pettersson, D. (2019). School certification: Marketing schools by appearance. C. E. Mølstad ve D. Pettersson (Editörler), New practices of comparison, quantification and expertise in education : conducting empirically based research içinde (ss. 230-243). New York: Routledge.
- NGLCC. (2016). Americas LGBT economy: The premiere report on the impact of LGBT-owned businesses. https://nglcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/REPORT-NGLCC-Americas-LGBT-Economy-1-1.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- Nordin, E. (2019). Queerbaiting 2.0: from denying your queers to pretending you have them. J. Brennan (Ed.), Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans through Homoerotic Possibilities içinde (ss. 25-40). Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
- Norris, M., & Oppenheim, C. (2007). Comparing alternatives to the Web of Science for coverage of the social sciences’ literature. Journal of Informetrics, 1(2), 161-169. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2006.12.001
- O’Shea, A., Latham, J. R., McNair, R., Rose, M., Mountford, R., & Frawley, P. (2020). Experiences of LGBTIQA+ people with disability in healthcare and community services: Towards embracing multiple identities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218080
- Pichler, S., Blazovich, J. L., Cook, K. A., Huston, J. M., & Strawser, W. R. (2018). Do LGBT-supportive corporate policies enhance firm performance? Human Resource Management, 57(1), 263-278. doi: 10.1002/HRM.21831
- Puar, J. (2011). Citation and censorship: the politics of talking about the sexual politics of ısrael. Feminist Legal Studies, 19(2), 133-142. doi: 10.1007/S10691-011-9176-3/METRICS
- Ray, M. (2022, 5 Haziran). Orlando shooting of 2016. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Orlando-shooting-of-2016 adresinden erişildi.
- Remafedi, G. (2007). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths: who smokes, and why? Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 9 Suppl 1, 65-71. doi:10.1080/14622200601083491
- Ritchie, J. (2015). Pinkwashing, homonationalism, and ısrael–palestine: the conceits of queer theory and the politics of the ordinary. Antipode, 47(3), 616-634. doi: 10.1111/ANTI.12100
- Savaşan, S., & Diri, B. (2011). Automatic tag cloud generation from Turkish contents. Sigma Journal Of Engineering And Natural Sciences, 29(2), 156-169.
- Sender, K. (2004). Business, not politics: The making of the gay market. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Smith, E. A., Thomson, K., Offen, N., & Malone, R. E. (2008). “If you know you exist, it’s just marketing poison”: Meanings of tobacco industry targeting in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 996-1003. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.118174
- Şimşir, İ. (2022). Bibliyometri ve bibliyometrik analize ilişkin kavramsal çerçeve. O. Öztürk ve G. Gürler (Ed.), Bir literatür incelemesi aracı olarak bibliyometrik analiz (3. baskı) içinde (ss. 7-31). Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
- Yeh, L. (2018). Pink capitalism: Perspectives and implications for cultural management. Prospectiva i Anàlisi de Projectes Culturals II içinde (ss. 1-25).
- Zappulla, A. (2017, 14 Ocak). The simple reason why so many businesses support LGBT rights . World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/why-so-many-businesses-support-lgbt-rights/ adresinden erişildi.
PINK CAPITALISM AND LGBT VISIBILITY IN BUSINESS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 167 - 197, 29.09.2024
Muhammet Negiz
,
Burak Acar
,
Ömer Miraç Yaman
Öz
This study aims to determine how the interest of businesses, especially multinational corporations, towards the LGBT community is reflected in academic studies and how it affects the studies. In the context of companies and LGBT, 153 studies published between 1999 and 2023 and included in the WoS database were analyzed by bibliometric analysis method. The identified keywords were scanned in the relevant database and analyzed through the Bibliometrix package in the R program. These studies were classified under 8 different themes. It is understood that LGBT and corporate-related studies are mostly addressed through media, corporate policies and practices, politics-state-policy relations. The increase in LGBT-corporate related publications in recent years gives the impression that companies' interest in the LGBT community will increase with a focus on marketing, employment and human rights.
Kaynakça
- Alikılıç, İ. (2021). İletişim ve iletişim araştırmalarında R studio ile veri görselleştirme. Ankara: İksad Yayınevi.
- Alimi, B. (2016, 4 Mayıs). What role should business play in promoting LGBT rights in Africa? World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/05/lgbt-rights-africa-business adresinden erişildi.
- Alkhammash, R. (2023). Bibliometric, network, and thematic mapping analyses of metaphor and discourse ın covid-19 publications from 2020 to 2022. Frontiers in Psychology, (13). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1062943
- Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
- Benbow, A. (2022). Research report for [un]seen. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/honorsprojects/751 adresinden erişildi.
- Bridges, R. (2013, 26 Haziran). How do we solve a problem like “queerbaiting”?: On TV’s not-so-subtle gay subtext. Autostraddle. https://www.autostraddle.com/how-do-we-solve-a-problem-like-queerbaiting-on-tvs-not-so-subtle-gay-subtext-182718/ adresinden erişildi.
- Brooke-Marciniak, B. A. (2016, 22 Haziran). After Orlando, multinationals cannot turn a blind eye to homophobia. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/post-orlando-what-can-multinationals-do adresinden erişildi.
- Buchter, L. (2019). “Companies can do better than the law”: securing rights for minorities as an insider activist in french corporations. Studies in Law Politics and Society, 81, 11-44. doi: 10.1108/S1059-433720190000081002/FULL/EPUB
- Buttle, R. (2022, 26 Haziran). A conversation with Justin Nelson, co-founder and president of the National LGBT Chamber Of Commerce. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/rhettbuttle/2022/06/29/a-conversation-with-justin-nelson-co-founder-and-president-of-the-national-lgbt-chamber-of-commerce/?sh=363263914fdf adresinden erişildi.
- Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 146-166. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2010.10.002
- Colgan, F., & McKearney, A. (2012). Visibility and voice in organisations: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered employee networks. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 31(4), 359-378. doi: 10.1108/02610151211223049/FULL/PDF
- Dönbak, E. R. (2020). Kültür ve turizm araştırmalarının bilim haritalama teknikleri ile bibliyometrik analizi. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 17, 52-78.
- Emory, K., Buchting, F. O., Trinidad, D. R., Vera, L., & Emery, S. L. (2019). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) view it differently than non-lgbt: exposure to tobacco-related couponing, e-cigarette advertisements, and anti-tobacco messages on social and traditional media. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 21(4), 513-522. doi: 10.1093/NTR/NTY049
- Everly, B. A., & Schwarz, J. L. (2015). Predictors of the adoption of lgbt-friendly hr policies. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 367-384. doi: 10.1002/HRM.21622
- Fallin, A., Goodin, A. J., & King, B. A. (2015). Menthol cigarette smoking among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 93-97. doi: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2014.07.044
- Grau, S. L., & Zotos, Y. C. (2016). Gender stereotypes in advertising: a review of current research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1203556, 35(5), 761-770. doi: 10.1080/02650487.2016.1203556
- Griffin, C. (2017, 9 Ocak). The LGBTQ Equality Movement Has Come Too Far to Be Beaten Now . World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/lgbt-equality-has-come-so-far-chad-griffin adresinden erişildi.
- Gutierrez, L., Montiel, I., Surroca, J. A., & Tribo, J. A. (2022). Rainbow wash or rainbow revolution? dynamic stakeholder engagement for sdg-driven responsible ınnovation. Journal of Business Ethics, 180(4), 1113-1136. doi: 10.1007/s10551-022-05190-2
- Langenburg, A. (2021, 21 Haziran). Raduzhniy Kapitalizm: Za i Protiv. Parni Plus. https://parniplus.com/lgbt-movement/lgbt-kapitalizm-za-i-protiv/ adresinden erişildi.
- Maks-Solomon, C., & Drewry, J. M. (2021). Why do corporations engage in lgbt rights activism? lgbt employee groups as ınternal pressure groups. Business and Politics, 23(1), 124-152. doi:10.1017/bap.2020.5
- Malyutina, A. (2021, 29 Haziran). Raduzhnaya Obolochka. Kak Rossiyskie Brendy Podderzhivayut LGBTK+ i Nikogo Ne Boyatsya. Blue Print. https://theblueprint.ru/fashion/industry/pride-month-rainbow-washing adresinden erişildi.
- manchester.ac.uk. (2005). Web of Science. University of Manchester. https://www.librarysearch.manchester.ac.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=44MAN_INST:MU_NUI&isFrbr=true&tab=local&docid=alma992975775680101631&context=L&lang=en adresinden erişildi.
- Merriam-Webster.com. (t.y.). Heteronormativity Definition & Meaning. Dictionary, Merriam-Webster. 10 Nisan 2023 tarihinde https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heteronormativity adresinden erişildi.
- Mølstad, C. E., & Pettersson, D. (2019). School certification: Marketing schools by appearance. C. E. Mølstad ve D. Pettersson (Editörler), New practices of comparison, quantification and expertise in education : conducting empirically based research içinde (ss. 230-243). New York: Routledge.
- NGLCC. (2016). Americas LGBT economy: The premiere report on the impact of LGBT-owned businesses. https://nglcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/REPORT-NGLCC-Americas-LGBT-Economy-1-1.pdf adresinden erişildi.
- Nordin, E. (2019). Queerbaiting 2.0: from denying your queers to pretending you have them. J. Brennan (Ed.), Queerbaiting and Fandom: Teasing Fans through Homoerotic Possibilities içinde (ss. 25-40). Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
- Norris, M., & Oppenheim, C. (2007). Comparing alternatives to the Web of Science for coverage of the social sciences’ literature. Journal of Informetrics, 1(2), 161-169. doi: 10.1016/j.joi.2006.12.001
- O’Shea, A., Latham, J. R., McNair, R., Rose, M., Mountford, R., & Frawley, P. (2020). Experiences of LGBTIQA+ people with disability in healthcare and community services: Towards embracing multiple identities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218080
- Pichler, S., Blazovich, J. L., Cook, K. A., Huston, J. M., & Strawser, W. R. (2018). Do LGBT-supportive corporate policies enhance firm performance? Human Resource Management, 57(1), 263-278. doi: 10.1002/HRM.21831
- Puar, J. (2011). Citation and censorship: the politics of talking about the sexual politics of ısrael. Feminist Legal Studies, 19(2), 133-142. doi: 10.1007/S10691-011-9176-3/METRICS
- Ray, M. (2022, 5 Haziran). Orlando shooting of 2016. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Orlando-shooting-of-2016 adresinden erişildi.
- Remafedi, G. (2007). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youths: who smokes, and why? Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 9 Suppl 1, 65-71. doi:10.1080/14622200601083491
- Ritchie, J. (2015). Pinkwashing, homonationalism, and ısrael–palestine: the conceits of queer theory and the politics of the ordinary. Antipode, 47(3), 616-634. doi: 10.1111/ANTI.12100
- Savaşan, S., & Diri, B. (2011). Automatic tag cloud generation from Turkish contents. Sigma Journal Of Engineering And Natural Sciences, 29(2), 156-169.
- Sender, K. (2004). Business, not politics: The making of the gay market. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Smith, E. A., Thomson, K., Offen, N., & Malone, R. E. (2008). “If you know you exist, it’s just marketing poison”: Meanings of tobacco industry targeting in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 996-1003. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.118174
- Şimşir, İ. (2022). Bibliyometri ve bibliyometrik analize ilişkin kavramsal çerçeve. O. Öztürk ve G. Gürler (Ed.), Bir literatür incelemesi aracı olarak bibliyometrik analiz (3. baskı) içinde (ss. 7-31). Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler.
- Yeh, L. (2018). Pink capitalism: Perspectives and implications for cultural management. Prospectiva i Anàlisi de Projectes Culturals II içinde (ss. 1-25).
- Zappulla, A. (2017, 14 Ocak). The simple reason why so many businesses support LGBT rights . World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/why-so-many-businesses-support-lgbt-rights/ adresinden erişildi.