Research Article

Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone

Volume: 2 Number: 1 December 13, 2023
EN

Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone

Abstract

Nafimidone and nafimidone alcohol, which were synthesized in 1981 and whose anticonvulsant activities were determined, are important anticonvulsant compounds in the structure of (arylalkyl)azole, which reached the stage of clinical human studies but could not pass this stage. In this study, the commercially available chiral stationary phase amylose tris(3,5-dimethyphenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak AD) was used to establish direct enantiomeric separations of nafimidone alcohol which is the methabolite of nafimidone in the normal phase HPLC mode. Investigations were also done into the compositional influences of the mobile phase. When the mobile phase was switched from methanol to n-hexane, the retention times were shortened. The mobile phase of methanol/n-hexane (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min produced the best results, with an enantiomer resolution of 0.83. Consequently, further chemical and pharmacological research on nafimidone alcohol and its enantiomers can be facilitated by the proposed HPLC approach.

Keywords

Amylose tris(3, 5-dimethyphenylcarbamate), Chiralpak AD, arylalkylazole, nafimidone alcohol

References

  1. Nardi D, Tajana A, Leonardi A, Pennini R, Portioli F, Magistretti MJ, Subissi A. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of N-(benzoylalkyl)imidazoles and N-(omega-phenyl-omega-hydroxyalkyl)imidazoles. J Med Chem., 1981; 24(6):727-73.
  2. Walker KA, Wallach MB, Hirschfeld DR. 1-(Naphthylalkyl)-1H-imidazole derivatives, a new class of anticonvulsant agents. J Med Chem., 1981; 24(1):67-74.
  3. Wingrove PB, Wafford KA, Bain C, Whiting PJ. The Modulatory Action of Loreclezole at the Gamma-Aminobutyric-Acid Type-a Receptor Is Determined by a Single Amino-Acid in the Beta-2 and Beta-3 Subunit. P Natl Acad Sci USA., 1994; 91(10):4569-4573.
  4. Graham DJM, Eadie J, Leadbetter BM, Metcalf R. Simultaneous Determination of Nafimidone [1-(2-Naphthoylmethyl)Imidazole], a New Anti-Convulsant Agent, and a Major Metabolite in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography. J Chromatogr., 1983; 275(1):211-216.
  5. Yang L, Li Y, Hong H, Chang CW, Guo LW, Lyn-Cook B, Shi L, Ning B. Sex Differences in the Expression of Drug-Metabolizing and Transporter Genes in Human. Liver J Drug Metab Toxicol., 2012; 3(3):e111.
  6. Özdemir Z, Karakurt A. İlaç Metabolizması ve Farmasötik Kimyada Önemi. Ann. Med. Health Sci. Res. 2016; 5:35-46.
  7. Fura A. Role of pharmacologically active metabolites in drug discovery and development. Drug Disc Today., 2006; 11:133-142.
  8. Das N, Dhanawat M, Dash B, Nagarwal RC, Shrivastava SK. Codrug: An efficient approach for drug optimization. Eur J Pharm Sci., 2010; 41:571-588.
  9. Kapetanovic IM, Kupferberg HJ. Nafimidone, an imidazole anticonvulsant, and its metabolite as potent inhibitors of microsomal metabolism of phenytoin and carbamazepine. Drug Metab. Dispos., 1984; 12(5):560-564.
  10. Brooks WH, Guida WC, Daniel KG. The significance of chirality in drug design and development. Curr Top Med Chem., 2011; 11(7):760-770.
APA
Karaca, E., Özdemir, Z., Zenni, Y. N., & Karakurt, A. (2023). Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone. Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1), 85-95. https://izlik.org/JA97LD28ZB
AMA
1.Karaca E, Özdemir Z, Zenni YN, Karakurt A. Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone. AJPS. 2023;2(1):85-95. https://izlik.org/JA97LD28ZB
Chicago
Karaca, Esma, Zeynep Özdemir, Yaren Nur Zenni, and Arzu Karakurt. 2023. “Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-Imidazol-1-Yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-Yl)ethan-1-Ol Which Is Active Metabolite of Anticonvulsant Nafimidone”. Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 (1): 85-95. https://izlik.org/JA97LD28ZB.
EndNote
Karaca E, Özdemir Z, Zenni YN, Karakurt A (December 1, 2023) Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone. Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2 1 85–95.
IEEE
[1]E. Karaca, Z. Özdemir, Y. N. Zenni, and A. Karakurt, “Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone”, AJPS, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 85–95, Dec. 2023, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA97LD28ZB
ISNAD
Karaca, Esma - Özdemir, Zeynep - Zenni, Yaren Nur - Karakurt, Arzu. “Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-Imidazol-1-Yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-Yl)ethan-1-Ol Which Is Active Metabolite of Anticonvulsant Nafimidone”. Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2/1 (December 1, 2023): 85-95. https://izlik.org/JA97LD28ZB.
JAMA
1.Karaca E, Özdemir Z, Zenni YN, Karakurt A. Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone. AJPS. 2023;2:85–95.
MLA
Karaca, Esma, et al. “Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-Imidazol-1-Yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-Yl)ethan-1-Ol Which Is Active Metabolite of Anticonvulsant Nafimidone”. Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 2, no. 1, Dec. 2023, pp. 85-95, https://izlik.org/JA97LD28ZB.
Vancouver
1.Esma Karaca, Zeynep Özdemir, Yaren Nur Zenni, Arzu Karakurt. Enantioseperation of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethan-1-ol which is active metabolite of anticonvulsant nafimidone. AJPS [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 1;2(1):85-9. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA97LD28ZB