Abstract
This manuscript focuses on developing a unified framework for simultaneously generating datasets that encompass four major types of variables (binary, ordinal, count, and continuous) under specified marginal distributions and an appropriate dependence structure for simulation studies. Simulation-based approaches are widely employed in pharmaceutical research and practice. A key element of any simulation study is the characterization of model components and parameters that jointly describe a scientific phenomenon. When such characterization cannot be fully achieved through deterministic methods, investigators frequently turn to random number generation (RNG) to produce simulation-driven solutions that capture the inherent randomness of the process. Although numerous RNG techniques have been proposed in the literature, a significant shortcoming is that most were not designed to accommodate all the aforementioned variable types at once. Consequently, these methods often yield only partial solutions, since real-world datasets typically consist of diverse variable forms. The present work contributes a substantial enhancement to the current methodologies by providing a systematic framework and an in-depth exploration of mixed data generation. We introduce an algorithm tailored to generate data with mixed marginals, describe its operational, computational, and practical aspects, and discuss potential extensions to encompass more complex distributional scenarios involving richer marginal features and dependence structures.
References
- 1. Amatya A, Demirtas,H. Concurrent generation of multivariate mixed data with variables of dissimilar types. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2016; 86(18):3595–3607. doi: 10.1080/00949655.2016.1177530
- 2. Demirtas H, Allozi R, Hu Y, Inan G, Ozbek L. Joint generation of binary, ordinal, count, and normal data with specified marginal and association structures in Monte-Carlo simulations. In ICSA Book Series in Statistics, John Dean Chen and Ding-Geng (Din) Chen (Eds): Monte-Carlo Simulation-Based Statistical Modeling. Singapore: Springer, 2017: 3-15.
- 3. Demirtas H.The design of simulation studies in medical statistics. Statistics in Medicine, 2007b; 26:3818–3821.
- 4. Demirtas H. Simulation-driven inferences for multiply imputed longitudinal datasets. Statistica Neerlandica, 2004a; 58(4):466–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9574.2004.00271.x
- 5. Demirtas H. A multiple imputation framework for massive multivariate data of different variable types: A Monte-Carlo technique. In ICSA Book Series in Statistics, John Dean Chen and Ding-Geng (Din) Chen (Eds): Monte-Carlo Simulation- Based Statistical Modeling. Singapore: Springer, 2017c: 143-162.
- 6. Demirtas H. A method for multivariate ordinal data generation given marginal distributions and correlations. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2006; 76(11):1017–1025. DOI:10.1080/10629360600569246
- 7. Demirtas H, Doganay B. Simultaneous generation of binary and normal data with specified marginal and association structures. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2012; 22(2):223–236. DOI:10.1080/10543406.2010.521874
- 8. Demirtas H, Yavuz Y. Concurrent generation of ordinal and normal data. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2015;25(4):635–650. DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2014.920868
- 9. Amatya A, Demirtas H. Simultaneous generation of multivariate mixed data with Poisson and normal marginals. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2015a;85(15):3129–3139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2014.953534
- 10. Emrich JL, Piedmonte M.R. A method for generating high-dimensional multivariate binary variates. The American Statistician, 1991;45(4):302–-304.
- 11. Demirtas H, Hedeker D. A practical way for computing approximate lower and upper correlation bounds. The American Statistician, 2011;65(2):104–109. https://doi.org/10.1198/tast.2011.10090
- 12. Demirtas H, Hedeker D. Computing the point-biserial correlation under any underlying continuous distribution. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2016;45(8):2744–2751. DOI:10.1080/03610918.2014.920883
- 13. Demirtas H, Ahmadian R, Atis S, Can FE, Ercan I. A nonnormal look at polychoric correlations: Modeling the change in correlations before and after discretization. Computational Statistics, 2016;31:1385–1401.
- 14. Ferrari PA, Barbiero A. Simulating ordinal data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2012;47(4): 566–589. DOI:10.1080/00273171.2012.692630
- 15. Yahav, I., Shmueli, G. On generating multivariate Poisson data in management science applications. Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 2012;28(1):91–-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/asmb.901
- 16. Fleishman A.I. A method for simulating non-normal distributions. Psychometrika, 1978;43(4):521–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293811
- 17. Vale CD, Maurelli VA. Simulating multivariate nonnormal distributions. Psychometrika, 1983;48(3):465–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293687
- 18. Headrick TC. Power Method Polynomials and Other Transformations. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC. 2010;43(2) DOI:10.18637/jss.v043.b02
- 19. Demirtas H, Hedeker D, Mermelstein JM. Simulation of massive public health data by power polynomials. Statistics in Medicine, 2012;31(27):3337–3346. doi: 10.1002/sim.5362
- 20. Demirtas H. Concurrent generation of binary and nonnormal continuous data through fifth order power polynomials. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2017a;46:344–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2014.963613
- 21. Higham NJ. Computing the nearest correlation matrix - a problem from finance. IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 2002;22(3):329–-343. DOI:10.1093/imanum/22.3.329
- 22.. Nelsen RB. An Introduction to Copulas. 2006; Berlin, Germany: Springer 23. Demirtas H, Hedeker D. An imputation strategy for incomplete longitudinal ordinal data. Statistics in Medicine, 2008a;27:4086–4093.
- 24. Demirtas H. On imputing continuous data when the eventual interest pertains to ordinalized outcomes via threshold concept. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 2008;52(4):2261–2271. DOI:10.1016/j.csda.2007.09.019
- 25. Demirtas H. A note on the relationship between the phi coefficient and the tetrachoric correlation under nonnormal underlying distributions. The American Statistician, 2016;70(2):143–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2015.1077161
- 26. emirtas H, Arguelles LM, Chung H, Hedeker D. On the performance of bias-reduction techniques for variance estimation in approximate Bayesian bootstrap imputation. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 2007;51(8):4064–4068.
- 27. Demirtas H, Freels SA, Yucel RM. Plausibility of multivariate normality assumption when multiply imputing non-Gaussian continuous outcomes: A simulation assessment. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2008;78(1):69–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10629360600903866
- 28. Demirtas H. Assessment of relative improvement due to weights within generalized estimating equations framework for incomplete clinical trials data. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2004b;14(4):1085–1098. DOI:10.1081/BIP-200035493
- 29. Demirtas H. Multiple imputation under Bayesianly smoothed pattern-mixture models for non-ignorable drop-out. Statistics in Medicine, 2005a;24:2345–2363. DOI: 10.1002/sim.2117
- 30. Demirtas H. Bayesian analysis of hierarchical pattern-mixture models for clinical trials data with attrition and comparisons to commonly used ad-hoc and model-based approaches. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2005b;15:383–402. DOI:10.1081/BIP-200056511
- 31. Demirtas H. Practical advice on how to impute continuous data when the ultimate interest centers on dichotomized outcomes through pre-specified thresholds. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2007a;36:871–889. DOI:10.1080/03610910701418424
- 32. Demirtas H. Multiple imputation under the generalized lambda distribution. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2009a;19:77–89. DOI: 10.1080/10543400802527882
- 33. Demirtas H. A distance-based rounding strategy for post-imputation ordinal data. Journal of Applied Statistics, 2010a;37(3):489–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760902744954
- 34. Demirtas H. On accurate and precise generation of generalized Poisson variates. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2017b;46:489–499.
- 35. Demirtas H, Hedeker D. Gaussianization-based quasi-imputation and expansion strategies for incomplete correlated binary responses. Statistics in Medicine, 2007;26:782–799.
- 36. Demirtas H., Hedeker D. Multiple imputation under power polynomials. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2008b; 37:1682–1695.
- 37. Demirtas H, Hedeker D. Imputing continuous data under some non-Gaussian distributions. Statistica Neerlandica, 2008c;62:193–205. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9574.2007.00377.x
- 38. Demirtas H, Schafer JL. On the performance of random-coefficient pattern-mixture models for non-ignorable drop-out. Statistics in Medicine, 2003;22(16):2253–2575.
- 39. Demirtas H, Nordgren R, Allozi R, Gao R. PoisBinOrdNonNor: Generation of Up to Four Different Types of Variables, 2021; URL: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=PoisBinOrdNonNor
- 40. Amatya A, Demirtas H. MultiOrd: An R package for generating correlated ordinal data. Communications in Statistics—Simulation and Computation, 2015b;44(7):1683–1691.
- 41. Amatya A, Demirtas H. OrdNor: An R package for concurrent generation of ordinal and normal data. Journal of Statistical Software, 2015c;68:1–14.
- 42. Amatya A, Demirtas H. PoisNor: An R package for generation of multivariate data with Poisson and normal marginals. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 2017;46:2241–2253. DOI:10.1080/03610918.2015.1039854
- 43. Demirtas H. Rounding strategies for multiply imputed binary data. Biometrical Journal, 2009b;51:677–688. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200900018
- 44. Demirtas H. Multiple imputation for longitudinal data under a Bayesian multilevel model. Communications in Statistics–Theory and Methods, 2009c; 38:2812–2828.
- 45. Demirtas H. An application of multiple imputation under the two generalized parametric families. Journal of Data Science, 2010b;8:443–455.
- 46. Demirtas H. Joint generation of binary and nonnormal continuous data. Journal of Biometrics and Biostatistics, 2014;5:1–9. DOI:10.4172/2155-6180.1000199
- 47. Demirtas H. Inducing any feasible level of correlation to bivariate data with any marginals. The American Statistician, 2019;73:273–277.
- 48. Demirtas H, Gao R. Mixed data generation packages and related computational tools in R. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2022;51:4520–4563.
- 49. Demirtas H, Vardar-Acar, C. Anatomy of correlational magnitude transforma- tions in latency and discretization contexts in MonteCarlo studies. In ICSA Book Series in Statistics, John Dean Chen and Ding-Geng (Din) Chen (Eds): Monte-Carlo SimulationBased Statistical Modeling. Singapore: Springer, 2017; 59-84
- 50. Demirtas H, Amatya A, Pugach O, Cursio J, Shi F, Morton D, Doganay B. Accuracy versus convenience: a simulation-based comparison of two continuous imputation models for incomplete ordinal longitudinal clinical trials data. Statistics and Its Interface, 2009;2:449–456.
- 51. Demirtas H, Amatya A, Doganay B. BinNor: An R package for concurrent generation of binary and normal data. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2014;43:569–579.
- 52. Gao R, Demirtas H. CorrToolBox: an R package for modeling correlational transformations in discretization contexts. Communications in Statistics–Simulation and Computation, 2024; 53:2715–2728.
- 53. Li H, Demirtas H, Chen R. RNGforGPD: An R package for generation of univariate and multivariate generalized Poisson data. The R Journal, 2020;12:120–133.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | November 14, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | December 8, 2025 |
| Early Pub Date | December 17, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 17, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 3 |
Aim & Scope
Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences publishes high-quality original research, reviews, short communications, case reports, and letters to the Editor in pharmaceutical sciences. It focuses on innovative studies across all fields of pharmacy, highlighting novel methodologies, original research findings, and contributions that advance the field.
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Biotechnological Drugs
- Drug Substances from Natural Origins
- Pharmacokinetics of Drugs
- Drug Synthesis
- Analytical Methods for Drugs
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicology of Drugs
- Development of Drug Formulations
- Clinical Pharmacy
- Microbiological Drug Discovery
- Complementary Medicine
- Education in Pharmacy and Deontology
- Basic Medicinal Sciences, including Biochemistry, Physiology, and Histology
- Multidisciplinary Studies Related to the Above Fields
Author Guidelines
Manuscripts can only be submitted via the journal’s online manuscript submission and evaluation system.
Article Upload Process:
- Dergipark User Page
- Process
- Submit Article
- Article Parent Data
- ... and so on, following the required steps in the system.
All manuscripts submitted to Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences are initially subjected to a technical evaluation by the editorial team. This process ensures that each manuscript has been prepared in strict accordance with the journal’s submission guidelines and formatting requirements. During this stage, the editorial staff does not assess the scientific content but focuses solely on compliance with technical and structural standards.
Submissions that fail to meet these requirements will be returned to the authors with detailed instructions for correction. Only manuscripts that successfully pass the technical evaluation will proceed to the peer review process.
Before submitting a manuscript, authors are strongly advised to review the journal’s policies to ensure compliance with its guidelines.
- The manuscripts must be prepared following the provided "template file."
- They should adhere to the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (updated April 2025).
- During the evaluation stage, articles are examined using similarity scanning and plagiarism detection programs. The similarity index of the articles must be below 15% (including quotations but excluding references). Articles with a similarity index above this value are rejected without being reviewed. Authors must upload the similarity report for the full text of their work.
FORMS
- COPYRIGHT AGREEMENT AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP FORM
- ICMJE FORM
- MANUSCRIPT TEMPLATE
- PUBLICATION APPROVAL FORM FOR IDENTIFYING CLINICAL IMAGES
- PATIENT CONSENT FORM
Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with ICMJE-Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (updated in April 2025).
Guidelines for Specific Study Types
Authors must prepare their manuscripts in accordance with the relevant reporting guideline:
- Randomized research studies & clinical trials: CONSORT guidelines (for protocols: SPIRIT guidance)
- Observational research studies: STROBE guidelines
- Systematic reviews & meta-analyses: PRISMA guidelines (for protocols: PRISMA-P)
- Experimental animal studies: ARRIVE guidelines & Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition
- Behavioral & public health interventions: TREND guidelines
- Case reports: CARE case report guidelines
- Genetic association studies: STREGA guidelines
- Qualitative research: SRQR guidelines
To identify the most suitable guideline for your research, complete the Equator Network questionnaire. The journal also encourages authors to follow the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines to promote inclusivity in research.
MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
Title Page
A separate title page should include:
- Full manuscript title and short title (≤50 characters)
- Authors' names, affiliations, highest academic degrees, and ORCID IDs
- Funding & support information
- Corresponding author’s details (name, address, phone, and email)
- Acknowledgments (for contributors who do not meet authorship criteria)
- Editorial Board membership disclosure, if applicable
Abstract & Keywords
- Research articles & reviews: 100–250 words
- Case reports & short articles: 100–150 words
- Abstract subheadings should align with the article type.
Keywords: 3–6 terms from the MeSH database.
MANUSCRIPT TYPES AND FORMATTING
Original Articles
Structured with Introduction, Material and Method, Result, and Discussion sections. In the “Material and Method” section, the name of the institution and the ethics committee approval number for animal experiments and clinical studies. The herbarium address and number for herbal materials, and the name and surname of the person who made the diagnosis should be given. The gene database registration number of the living species (e.g. microorganism species) used as main material should be written.
Clinical Trials
Must be registered in a WHO-recognized registry (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov).
A data-sharing plan must be included (see "Data Sharing" section).
Follow the ICMJE Clinical Trial Policy and COPE Data & Reproducibility Guidelines.
Statistical Reporting
Follow international statistical standards (Altman et al., Br Med J 1983;7:1489-93).
Report p-values, confidence intervals (CIs), and statistical measures with proper formatting (e.g., P < .001 instead of P = .000006).
Use SI units for measurements.
Review Articles
- Should be written by experts with a strong publication record.
- Must include Introduction and Conclusion sections.
Case Reports
- Prioritize rare cases, novel treatments, and challenging conditions.
- Structured with Introduction, Case Presentation, and Discussion sections.
Letters to the Editor
A "Letter to the Editor" is a type of manuscript that addresses important or overlooked aspects of a previously published article. It may also present articles on subjects within the scope of the journal that are of interest to readers, particularly educational cases. Additionally, readers can use the "Letter to the Editor" format to share their comments on published manuscripts.
The text of a "Letter to the Editor" should be unstructured and must not include an abstract, keywords, tables, figures, images, or other media. The manuscript being commented on must be properly cited within the "Letter to the Editor."
Short Communications
- Concise research articles, max 2,500 words.
- Abstract: ≤150 words; Max 3 figures/tables.
TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables
- Numbered consecutively, placed after references in the manuscript.
- Created using Word’s "Insert Table" function.
- Should not repeat data already in the text.
Figures & Legends
- Submit figures separately as TIFF/JPEG (≥300 DPI).
- Avoid embedding figures in the manuscript.
- Use clear labeling (arrows, stars, etc.).
- Anonymize images to prevent identification of individuals/institutions.
Abbreviations
- Define at first use in both abstract and main text.
- Product Identification
- Specify product name, manufacturer, city, and country in parentheses.
Example: Discovery St PET/CT scanner (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA).
Supplementary Materials
- Supplementary materials, including audio files, videos, datasets, and additional documents (such as appendices, extra figures, tables), should be submitted as a separate section after the reference list.
- Concise descriptions of each supplementary material should be included to explain its relevance to the manuscript.
- Page numbers are not required for supplementary materials.
REFERENCES
References should be given at the end of the text in the order of their appearance in the text. Reference numbers are given at the end of the sentence using square brackets [1], [3], [5], etc. should be shown in numbers. The EndNote style available on our website can be used for the bibliography.
Examples for Writing References
For research articles:
[1] Tekdemir O, Özsoy Y. Veteriner alanda kullanılan modifiye salımlı dozaj şekilleri. Türk Farmakope Dergisi, 2020; 5(2): 25-36.
For articles with more than four authors, the names of the first four authors are indicated, followed by "et al." statement should be added.
For book chapters:
[2] Şenel S, Vural İ. Farmasötik Su. In: Zırh Gürsoy A (ed). Farmasötik Teknoloji. 2inci baskı. 2012, İstanbul: Aktif Matbaa ve Reklam Hizmetleri San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, 137-146. [ISBN 975- 97725-1-5].
For proceedings:
[3] Gecim M, Beceren A, Aydemir S, Sardas S. Evaluation of incision wound healing activity of Scorzonera veratrifolia in Wistar albino rats. 53rd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX), 10-13 September 2017, Bratislava, Slovakia. Abs. Book, 280.
For thesis:
[4] Özdemirhan ME. Agomelatinin sıvı kromatografi yöntemi kullanılarak tabletlerden analizi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir, 2013.
For URL:
[5] Webber S. (2008, 10 Ekim). Information literacy in workplace contexts. reached http://information-literacy.blogspot. com/22 October 2008.https://publicationethics.org/guidance?f%5B0%5D=type%3A16
Ethical Principles and Publication Policy
PUBLICATION ETHICS
Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences adheres to the guidelines of several organizations, including the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (joint statement by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, WAME), and the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, promoting transparency, integrity, and best practices in scholarly publishing.
Medical research involving human subjects must comply with the WMA Declaration of Helsinki (2013), ensuring informed consent, privacy protection, and participant safety. The journal also follows WAME’s Recommendations on Publication Ethics for Medical Journals, addressing conflicts of interest, research misconduct, and the peer review process to maintain integrity and transparency.
Ethics Committee Approval and Informed Consent
Ethical standards are upheld in both human and animal experiments. Authors must provide evidence of approval from a local Ethics Committee when required. Animal research should be conducted humanely, with clear reporting of anesthetics and analgesics used. Ethical standards must align with the WMA’s Code of Ethics (Declaration of Helsinki) for human studies and EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal research. A statement of ethics committee approval must be included in the ‘Materials and Methods’ section, in accordance with the ICMJE Recommendations. The journal will not consider any manuscript deemed ethically unacceptable.
If a manuscript is submitted to Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences without ethics committee approval, the journal will review it according to COPE's Research, Audit, and Service Evaluations guideline. This guideline helps the journal assess the risks and ethical concerns of publishing research lacking ethics committee approval, ensuring that the manuscript meets ethical standards despite the absence of formal approval.
Authors must provide detailed information on the ethical treatment of animals in their manuscript, including measures taken to prevent pain and suffering. The ARRIVE checklist can be used to help authors present this information clearly and comprehensively.
- For research involving human subjects, a statement confirming that written and/or verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants must be included. Informed consent forms should be retained for future reference.
- For studies involving children under 18, consent must be obtained from a parent or guardian, as children may not fully understand the risks and benefits of research.
- In cases of surveys or interviews, authors must confirm that participants gave informed consent for participation and, if applicable, for recording personal details. Any identifiable quotations or statements must be de-identified unless explicit consent for attribution is provided.
- Details of informed consent should be provided in the Methods section, along with other relevant research procedures. Authors must protect participants' anonymity and privacy, particularly regarding photographs that may reveal identities. Signed consent releases for photographs should be obtained, and the approval for publication must be documented in the Methods section.
AUTHORSHIP CRITERIAS
Authors of submissions reporting research findings must meet all four criteria established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):
- Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work;
- Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
- Final approval of the version to be published;
- Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Before submission, authors should determine who qualifies for authorship and in what order authors will be listed. The editors of the Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciencesdo not resolve authorship disputes. Any changes to the number or order of authors after the initial submission must be explained in writing to the Editor-in-Chief. The editors reserve the right to refer any authorship irregularities to the research officer or appropriate academic ethics authority at the institution or employer of the first or corresponding author.
Authors may use CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) to provide information about individual contributions at the time of submission.
PLAGIARISM AND ETHICAL MISCONDUCT
All submissions undergo multiple screenings during the peer review and/or production processes using similarity detection software. When citing previous works, ensure that all material is properly referenced. Copying text, tables, or illustrations from any source (journal articles, books, theses, electronic media, etc.) and presenting them as one's own is considered plagiarism, even if a reference is provided. Listing the source in the 'References' section does not absolve authors of responsibility for plagiarism.
Authors are strongly encouraged to avoid any form of plagiarism or ethical misconduct, as illustrated below:
- Citation Manipulation: Refers to inflating citation counts through self-citation, excessive citation of the same journal, or citation stacking, which distorts academic recognition.
- Self-Plagiarism (Text Recycling): Involves reusing sections or sentences from an author's prior work without proper citation, constituting a form of plagiarism.
- Salami Slicing: The unethical practice of publishing multiple articles using the same data set, hypotheses, and methods from a single study.
- Data Fabrication: The creation of false data not supported by actual research or experiments, considered a serious breach of research integrity.
- Data Manipulation/Falsification: Involves altering data, such as modifying images or removing outliers, to mislead or misrepresent findings.
In cases of suspected misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, citation manipulation, or data falsification), the Editorial Board will follow COPE guidelines to ensure fair, transparent, and consistent handling of allegations.
GENERATIVE AI AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) USE POLICY
Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences adopts the principles outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic publishing. The following guidelines clarify the acceptable and ethical use of such technologies in manuscript preparation, authorship, visual content, and editorial processes.
1. Use of AI Tools in Manuscript Preparation
Authors must explicitly disclose any use of AI tools in the preparation of their manuscripts. This includes specifying the tool’s name, version, and the precise purpose for which it was used—such as language editing or data analysis. These disclosures must appear in appropriate sections of the manuscript (e.g., Acknowledgments or Methods). AI tools may assist in improving grammar, style, or clarity, but only under human supervision. The scientific content, originality, and conclusions must remain the sole responsibility of the authors.
Authors are expected to critically evaluate and verify any AI-generated suggestions or outputs to ensure that they do not introduce errors, misrepresent data, or compromise academic integrity.
2. Authorship and Accountability
Authorship represents a set of intellectual and ethical responsibilities that AI tools cannot fulfill. Only individuals who meet established authorship criteria—such as contributing to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study—can be listed as authors. The use of AI does not justify authorship, and AI tools must never be credited as co-authors.
Authors must also confirm that all content in the manuscript is original and free from plagiarism or inappropriate AI influence. They remain fully accountable for the accuracy, validity, and integrity of the entire work, including any content generated or modified using AI technologies.
3. AI-Generated Images and Visual Content
Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences maintains a cautious approach to the inclusion of AI-generated visual material, primarily due to ongoing legal, ethical, and scientific uncertainties. The use of such content is generally not allowed, except in two specific cases:
As Part of the Research Methodology, If AI tools are used in a study’s methodology (e.g., in AI-assisted medical imaging), the process must be documented in the Methods section, including the name, version, and technical parameters of the tool.
AI-Focused Content: Visual content directly related to articles discussing AI may be considered, subject to editorial review.
Any approved AI-generated visual content must be clearly labeled as “AI-generated” in figure captions. Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy, appropriateness, and legal compliance (including copyright considerations) of such materials.
4. Use of AI by Reviewers and Editors
To preserve confidentiality and maintain the integrity of the peer review process, reviewers and editors are strongly discouraged from using generative AI tools to read, summarize, or evaluate submitted manuscripts. If AI tools are used in any capacity, this must be transparently disclosed, and no confidential information should be shared with these systems.
POST-PUBLICATION CORRECTION REQUESTS AND RETRACTIONS POLICY
All post-publication correction requests are subject to editorial review. The Editorial Board evaluates the necessity and appropriateness of corrections based on the nature of the error, its impact on the article, and the supporting evidence. If approved, the correction will be made in the journal’s archive. The journal follows the COPE guidelines.
Article Withdrawal (Pre-Publication)
Withdrawal applies only to articles in press, which are early versions of articles that may contain errors, accidental duplicate submissions, or ethical violations (e.g., multiple submissions, fraudulent data, or plagiarism). Withdrawn articles will have their HTML and PDF content removed, replaced by a statement indicating the withdrawal and linking to the journal’s withdrawal policy.
Article Retraction (Post-Publication)
Retractions are issued for serious ethical violations, such as plagiarism, data fabrication, authorship fraud, or publication without co-author consent. Retraction notices include:
- A formal retraction note titled “Retraction: [Article Title],” published in a subsequent issue.
- A watermark on the PDF of the original article, marking it as "Retracted."
- A removal of the HTML version, ensuring transparency in corrections while preserving academic integrity.
Article Removal (Legal & Safety Concerns)
In rare cases, an article may need to be permanently removed from the journal’s online database due to legal issues, court orders, defamation, or significant health risks. While the metadata (title and authors) will be retained, the article content will be replaced with a legal notice explaining the removal.
Article Replacement
If an article poses a serious health risk, authors may request a replacement with a corrected version. In such cases, a retraction notice will be published with a link to the revised article, ensuring a transparent record of updates.
ADVERTISING POLICY
Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences accepts digital advertisements on its website, provided they are approved by the journal's Editorial Board and management. All advertisements must be clearly labeled as such. Advertisers have no influence on editorial decisions or advertising policies.
For advertising inquiries, please contact the Editorial Office (inueditorial@inonu.edu.tr).
PEER REVIEW PROCESS
Anatolian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences applies a rigorous and transparent double-anonymized peer-review process to uphold academic quality and integrity. In this system, both authors and reviewers remain anonymous to each other. All manuscripts first undergo a technical evaluation by the editorial office to ensure compliance with the journal’s submission guidelines. Submissions that meet these requirements are assessed by the Editor-in-Chief for relevance and scientific merit. Suitable manuscripts are then assigned to Section Editors, who oversee the review process and invite at least two independent, external reviewers with expertise in the relevant field.
Reviewers are expected to provide timely, evidence-based, and constructive feedback to improve the quality of submissions. Revised manuscripts are reassessed—preferably by the original reviewers—and Section Editors submit a recommendation to the Editor-in-Chief, who makes the final decision. Throughout the process, confidentiality is strictly maintained; all communications between editors and reviewers are considered confidential and must not be shared without permission. Reviewers must disclose any potential conflicts of interest before accepting a review assignment. Authors may suggest reviewers during submission, but the final decision on their selection rests with the editorial team.
To ensure impartiality, manuscripts submitted by editorial board members are handled by qualified external editors, who are also required to declare any conflicts of interest. If the peer-review process deviates from standard policy, the type of review will be clearly indicated in the published article to ensure transparency. Peer-review reports are shared anonymously with the authors but are not made publicly available. Any suspected misconduct or manipulation of the review process is addressed in line with COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines. In case of delays, authors are notified and given the option to withdraw their manuscript.
REVISION PROCESS
Manuscripts requiring "minor revision" or "major revision" will receive a decision letter from the Editor-in-Chief, outlining the reviewers’ and editors’ comments along with a deadline for resubmission.
Submission of Revised Manuscripts
Authors must submit a detailed "Response to the Reviewers" document along with the revised manuscript. This document should address each reviewer’s comment individually, explaining the revisions made and specifying the corresponding line numbers in the manuscript. Additionally, an annotated version of the main document highlighting the changes should be provided.
Timeliness
Revised manuscripts must be submitted within the deadline stated in the decision letter. Missing the deadline may result in the rejection of the revision. If additional time is required, authors must request an extension before the original deadline expires.
DISCLAIMER
The views and opinions expressed in published manuscripts belong solely to the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors, editorial board, or publisher. The editors, editorial board, and publisher are not responsible for the content of published manuscripts and do not endorse the views expressed within them.
Authors bear full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of their work. While the journal serves as a platform for disseminating research to the scientific community, it does not guarantee the validity of the content.
Price Policy
No fees are charged to authors or institutions for submission or publication. All journal expenses are covered by İnönü University, and there are no submission or publishing fees for accepted articles.
Indexes
Journal Boards
Editor-in-Chief
Associate Editors
Editor
Section Editors
Editorial Board
Doç. Dr. Elif Ulutaş Deniz, hâlihazırda Atatürk Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Eczacılık İşletmeciliği Anabilim Dalı’nda öğretim üyesi olarak görev yapmaktadır. On yılı aşkın akademik ve mesleki deneyime sahip olan Ulutaş Deniz’in uzmanlık alanları eczacılık uygulamaları, eczacılık eğitimi ve eczacılıkta iletişimdir. Sosyal ve idari eczacılık alanında çalışan bir akademisyen olarak, araştırmaları toplum eczacılığı uygulamaları, eczacılıkta mesleki gelişim ve eczacılık eğitiminin geliştirilmesi üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır.
Ade Arsianti was born in Mentok, Bangka, Indonesia on April 10, 1972. She is a lecturer and researcher at the Department of Medical Chemistry and the Drug Development Research Center (DDRC) – Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (FMUI). She can be reached via email at: arsi_ade2002@yahoo.com or ade.arsianti@ui.ac.id.
Ade Arsianti completed her Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Chemistry at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia in 1995 and 1998, respectively. She earned her Doctor of Science degree from the Graduate School of Materials Science at Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Japan, in 2011.
She has held several leadership positions, including Head of the Drug Development Research Center (DDRC) IMERI FMUI (2017–2026), Research Coordinator of the Medical Chemistry Department FMUI (2021–2025), Head of the Bioinformatics Specialization in Master Program of Biomedical Science FMUI (2021–2025), and Head of the Medical Chemistry Department FMUI (2013–2021). Additionally, she serves as Head of the Ecotoxicology and Xenobiotic Module for the undergraduate program in FMUI (2018–2025).
Her research focuses on Medicinal Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, and Natural Product Chemistry. Ade Arsianti has published numerous scientific papers in international journals between 2022 and 2025, highlighting her contributions to the study of natural products, antioxidant activity, and anticancer compounds. Through her dedication to research and education, Ade Arsianti continues to contribute significantly to the advancement of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery in Indonesia and beyond.
Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.