Effects of Tribulus terrestris (Puncture Vine) Supplementation on Performance and Digestive System of Broiler Chicks

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effects of the herbal preparation Tribulus terrestris (TT) extract on muscle building (increase in breast and legs weight) in broiler chicks. One hundred eighty broiler chicks were assigned to three treatment groups; control, 180 ppm TT and 360 ppm TT extract. Body weight, body gain and dietary intake were determined weekly for 6 weeks. Control diet included 234 g crude protein (CP) and 3141 kcal ME (grower) per kg diet during 1-21 days of age and 204 g CP with 3199 kcal ME (finisher) per kg diet for 22-42 days of age. Growth performance, muscle building (increase in breast and legs weights) and digestive system parts were determined. TT extract did not affect growth performance and muscle building but decreased ileum + jejunum and empty gut weights (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present results showed that Tribulus terrestris had no effect on growth or muscle building. This may be TT extract do not work in birds as do in human subjects, and more likely, the physiological differences between human and bird. 

Keywords

• Tribulus terrestris
• Puncture vine
• Muscle growth
• Broiler chicks
• Digestive system

Tribulus terrestris (Demir Dikeni) Đlavesinin Etlik Civcivlerde Performans ve Sindirim Sistemi Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Tribulus terrestris hazır bitki kapsülünün etlik civcivlerde kas yapıcı etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 180 adet etlik civciv kontrol, 180 ppm ve 360 ppm olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık kazancı ve yem tüketimi 6 hafta boyunca haftalık olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol yemi 0-21 günlük yaşlarda her bir kiloda 234 g ham protein, 3141 Kcal ME,  22-42 günlük yaşlarda 204 g ham protein, 3199 Kcal ME içermiştir. Büyüme performansı, kas gelişimi (göğüs ve but ağırlığı) ve sindirim sistemi parçaları belirlenmiştir. Tribulus terrestris büyüme performansına ve kas gelişimine etki etmemiş fakat ileum+jejunum ve boş sindirim sistemi ağırlığını düşürmüştür (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, Tribulus terrestrisin büyümeye ve kas gelişimine etkisi olmamıştır. Bu durum Tribulus terrestris tabletlerinin kanatlı hayvanlarda insanlardaki gibi çalışmaması ve bu da insan ve kuşların fizyolojilerinin birbirlerinden farklı olmaları ile açıklanabilir.

Keywords

• Tribulus terrestris
• Demir dikeni
• Kas gelişimi
• Etlik civciv
• Sindirim sistemi

References

1. Adimoelja A & Adaikan P G (1997). Protodioscin from herbal plant Tribulus terrestris L. improves male sexual functions possibly via DHEA. International Journal of Impotence Research 9(1): S64
2. Brown G A, Vukovich M D, Martini E R, Kohut M L, Franke W D, Jackson, D A & King D S (2001). Effects of androstenedione-herbal supplementation on serum sex hormone concentrations in 30–59 years old men. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 71(5): 293–301
3. Çek Ş, Turan F & Atik E (2007). Masculinization of convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) by immersion in Tribulus terrestris extract. Aquaculture International 15(2): 109-119
4. Combarieu E D, Fuzzati N, Lovati M & Mercali E (2003). Furostanol saponins from Tribulus terrestris. Fitoterapia 74(6): 583–591 Conrad J, Dinchev D, Klaiber I, Mika S, Kostova I &
5. Kraus W (2004). A novel furostanol saponin from Tribulus terrestris of Bulgarian origin. Fitoterapia 75(2): 117–122 Dimitrov M, Georgiev P & Vitanov S (1987). Use of tribestan on rams with sexual disorders. Veterinarno Meditsinski Nauki 24(5): 102-110
6. Duru M (2005). Yohimbe Bark (pausinystalia yohimbe) ve demir dikeni (Tribulus terrestris) ekstratlarının etlik civcivlerde büyüme performansı ve vücut bileşimi üzerine olası anabolik etkilerinin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış), Hatay
7. Ganzera M, Bedir E & Khan I A (2001). Determination of steroidal saponins in Tribulus terrestris by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 90(11): 1752–1758
8. Gauthaman K, Adaikan P G, Prasad R N V, Goh V H H & Ng S C (2000). Changes in hormonal parameters secondary to intravenous administration of Tribulus terrestris extract in primates. International Journal of Impotence Research 12(S2): 6

9. Gauthaman K, Adaikan P G & Prasad R N V (2002). Aphrodisiac properties of Tribulus terrestris extract (Protodioscin) in normal and castrated rats. Life Science 71(12): 1385–1396
10. Gauthaman K & Adaikan P G (2008). The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction – an evaluation using primates, rabbit and rat. Phytomedicine 15(1): 44–54
11. Adaikan P G, Gauthaman K, Prasad R N & Ng S C (2000). Proerectile pharmacological effects of Tribulus terrestris on the rabbit corpus cavernosum. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore 29(1): 22–26
12. Geyer H, Mareck-Engelke U, Reinhart U, Thevis M & Schänzer W (2000). Positive doping cases with norandrosterone after application of contaminated Nutritional supplements. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin 51(11): 378-382
13. Kostova I & Dinchev D (2005). Saponins in Tribulus terrestris–chemistry and bioactivity. Phytochemistry Reviews 4(2-3): 111–137
14. Kostova I, Dinchev D, Rentsch G H, Dimitrov V & Ivanova A (2002). Two new sulphated furostanol saponins from Tribulus terrestris. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 57(1-2): 33–38
15. Kreider R B (2001). Tribulus Terrestris Update. Muscular Development 38(10): 3
16. Pandian T J & Sheela S G (1995). Hormonal induction of sex-reversal in fish. Aquaculture 138(1): 1–22
17. Sahin A & Forbes J M (1997). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for modulation of the effect of corticosterone on diet selection and body components in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 38: 53-54 Sati L, Cayli S, Tuncer A T, Yaymaci B, Altug T &
18. Demir R (2009). Kolestrolden zengin diyetle beslenmiş yeni zelanda tavşanlarında Tribulus terrestris ekstraktının aort endoteli üzerine koruyucu etkisi. 19. Ulusal Elektron Mikroskopi Kongresi 105, 22-25 Haziran, Trabzon, Türkiye
19. Street C, Antonio A & Cudlipp D (1996). Androgen use by athletes: a reevaluation of the health risks. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 21(6): 421- 440
20. Sun W, Gao J, Tu G, Guo Z & Zhang Y (2002). A new steroidal saponin from Tribulus terrestris Linn. Natural Product Letters 16(4): 243–247
21. Wang Y, Ohtani K, Kasai R & Yamasaki K (1997). Steroidal saponins from fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Phytochemistry 45(4): 811–817
22. Wu G, Jiang F, Jiang S, Zhu D, Wu H & Jiang S (1996). Steroidal glycosides from Tribulus terrestris. Phytochemistry 42(6): 1677–1681
23. Wu T S, Shi L S & Kuo S C (1999). Alkaloids and other constituents from Tribulus terrestris. Phytochemistry 50(8): 1411–1415