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Abstract

Cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera avenae group) are important pests of wheat; they include the three most important species of cereal cyst nematodes: Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, H. latipons Franklin and H. filipjevi (Madzhidov) in Turkey that were determined in different wheat growing areas. It was reported that Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons which is widely found in the centre of the durum wheat growing area -South-eastern Anatolia regionin our country was reaching the economical threshold in many locations. It is known that the use of resistant/tolerant wheat varieties is the most effective controlling method against cyst nematodes in the wheat cultivation. Nowadays, nine different resistance genes (Cre genes), which are transferred from wild wheat species to wheat cultivated forms are available. In this study, the efficiency of the resistance gene, Cre1, against the population of H. latipons from Gaziantep (Karkamıs) was investigated. In the study, 38 genotypes carrying Cre1 gene and 26 genomes lacking resistance genes; this gives a total 64 wheat genotypes which are produced by parental crossing of SILVERSTAR containing the resistance gene, Cre1, in its genome, SOKOLL, CALINGIRI, GOLDMARKER, CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA, FRAME, STYLET and PASTOR were used against H. latipons in the experiment. Among the 64 genotypes; 20 were resistant, 32 were moderately resistant and 12 were moderately susceptible to the nematode. Ten resistant, 20 moderately resistant and 8 moderately susceptible lines were determined against H. latipons that these 38 lines carried the Cre1 gene in their genome. Within this study, the resistant gene, Cre1, was not found to be completely resistant against H. latipons, but its 78% efficiency rate was found to be successful: therefore, it was concluded that it can be used against H. latipons in national wheat breeding programs. Furthermore, PASTOR, SOKOLL and CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA wheat genotypes were determined as good resistance source against H. latipons.

Keywords

• Cereal cyst nematode; Heterodera latipons; Wheat; Resistance

Dayanıklılık Geni Cre1’in Akdeniz Tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons’a Franklin Karşı Etkinliğinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Tahıl kist nematodları (Heterodera avenae group) buğdayın önemli zararlılarından biri olup, Türkiye’de Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, H. latipons Franklin ve H. filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stone olmak üzere üç önemli türü farklı buğday üretim alanlarında saptanmıştır. Ülkemizin makarnalık buğdayın merkezi olan Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Akdeniz tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons’un yaygın olarak bulunduğu, bölge genelinde birçok lokasyonda ekonomik zarar eşiğinin üstünde popülasyona sahip olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Buğday yetiştiriciliğinde kist nematodları ile en etkin mücadele yöntemi dayanıklı/tolerans çeşit kullanımı olarak bilinmektedir. Günümüzde buğdayın yabani türlerinden kültür formlarına aktarılmış dokuz farklı dayanıklılık geni (Cre genleri) mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada dayanıklılık geni Cre1’in H. latipons’un Gaziantep (Karkamış) popülasyonuna karşı etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada genomunda dayanıklılık geni Cre1 bulunan SILVERSTAR buğday çeşidinin yanı sıra SOKOLL, CALINGIRI, GOLDMARKER, FRAME, STYLET, PASTOR ve CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA çeşitlerine ait ebeveynlerin melezlenmesi ile geliştirilen 38 adeti dayanıklılık geni taşıyan, 26 adeti dayanıklılık geni taşımayan toplam 64 adet buğday genotipi H. latipons’a karşı denemeye alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 64 adet genotipten 20’si nematoda dayanıklı, 32’si orta dayanıklı ve 12’sinin ise orta hassas olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genomunda Cre1 geni taşıyan 38 melezden ise 10’nun H. latipons’a karşı dayanıklı, 20’sinin orta dayanıklı ve 8’nin ise orta hassas olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma ile dayanıklılık geni Cre1’in H. latipons’un Gaziantep (Karkamış) popülasyonuna karşı mutlak bir dayanıklılığa sahip olmamakla birlikte %78 etkinlik oranı ile başarılı olduğu ve ulusal buğday ıslah programlarında H. latipons’a karşı kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, PASTOR, SOKOLL ve CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(224)//OPATA buğday genotiplerinin H. latipons’a karşı iyi bir dayanıklılık kaynağına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır

Keywords

• Tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera latipons, Buğday, Dayanıklılık

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