Effect of Sowing Date and Humic Acid Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of Canola Cultivars

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of different sowing dates and humic acid foliar application on some agronomic traits of six canola cultivars a two-year experiment was carried out in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot with three replicates. The factorial combination of three sowing dates (7th, 17th and 27th October) and two humic acid levels (0 and 0.2%) were allocated to the main plots and six canola cultivars (HW118, WPN6, HL3721, L14, Tassilo and Natali) were randomized in subplots. The results indicated that the main effects of experimental factors were significant on all studied traits, except for harvest index. Interaction between sowing date and cultivar was also significant on all traits except for branch number and harvest index. In general, early seed sowing caused the highest yield and yield component as well as oil percentage and yield. Similarly, humic acid foliar application could increase agronomic traits in canola cultivars. In sum, early seed sowing and humic acid foliar application are highly recommended in canola production.

Keywords

• Canola
• humic acid
• oil content
• sowing date

References

1. Abd E1-A1 F S, M R Shafeek, A A Ahmed & A M Shaheen (2005). Response of growth and yield of onion.
2. Bassoa B et al. “Wheat yield response to spatially variable nitrogen fertilizer in Mediterranean environment”. European Journal of Agronomy 51 (2013): 65-70.
3. Brunetti G et al. “Effects of amendment with treated and untreated olive oil mill waste waters on soil properties, soil humic substances and wheat yield”. Journal Geoderma 138.1-2 (2007): 144-152.
4. Chauhan AK, Singh M & Dadhwal KS (1993). Effect of nitrogen level and row spacing on the performance of rape (Brassica napus, L). Ind. J. Agron. 37 (4): 851 - 853.
5. Chris W, Anderson N & Stewart RB (2005). Soil and foliar application of humic acid for mustard production. Environ. Pollution. 254-257.
6. Darby H, H Harwood, E Cummings, R Madden & S Monahan. 2013. 2012 Winter canola planting date trial. University of Vermont Extension, Burlington, Vermont.
7. Delfine S et al. “Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat”. Journal of Agronomy and Sustainable Development 25.2 (2005): 183-191.
8. El–Ghamry A M, Abd El–Haiand KM, Ghoneem K M (2009). "Amino and Humic Acids promote growth, yield and disease resistance of faba Bean cultivated in clayey soil". Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 3(2); 731–739.

9. El-Nemr MA, El-Desuki M, El-Bassiony AM & Fawzy ZF. Response of growth and yield of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) to different foliar applications of humic acid and bio-stimulators. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2012; 3:630-637.
10. Erik B G. Feiber, Clint G Shock & Lament D Saundres (2000). Evaluation of humic acid and other nonconventional fertilizer additiones for onion production. Malheur Experiment Station Oregon State University. Ontario, OR.
11. Faraji AA, Latifi N, Soltani A & Shiranirad AH (2009) Seed Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Canola (Brassica napus) as Affected by High Temperature Stress and Supplemental Irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 132-140.
12. Farnia AM & Nasrollahi A (2010). studying performance and component of chickpea cultivar affected by biological fertilizer, 5th New Innovations Seminar in Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan Branch.
13. Farnia A (2006). Effects of drought stress on nitrogen fixation of the bacteria strains of Rhizobium japonicum and their connection with growth and yield of Soybean (Clark variety).Ph.D. thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. 150-165.
14. Farre I, MJ Robertson, GH Walton & S Asseng (2002). Simulating phenology and yield response of canola to sowing date in Western Australia. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53:1155–1164.
15. Gan Y, Malhi SS, Brandt SA & Mcdonald CL. Assessment of seed shattering resistance and yield loss in five oilseed crops. Can J Plant Sci. 2008; 88:267–270.
16. Hafez M Magda (2003). Effect of some sources of nitrogen fertilizer and concentration of humic acid on the productivity of squash plant. Egypt J. Appl. Sci. 19(10): 293-309.
17. Hagh-Parast M, Maleki Farahani S, Masoud Sinaki J & Zare GH (2012). Reduction of negative effects of dry tension and stress in chickpea with the application of Humic acid and seaweed extract. Crop under environmental stresses. 4:59-71
18. Holman J, S Maxwell, M Stamm & K Martin (2011). Effects of planting date and tillage on winter canola. Crop Manage. doi:10.1094/CM-2011–0324 01-RS.
19. Iqbal M, N Akhtar, S Zafar & I Ali. Genotypic responses for yield and seed oil quality of two Brassica species under semi-arid environmental conditions. South African Journal of Botany 74 (2008) 567–571.
20. Jansinka Z, Kotecki A, Malarz W, Horodyski A, Musnicka B, Musnicki C, Jodlowski M, Budzynski W, Majkowski K, Wrobel E & Sikora B (1989). Effect of sowing date and sowing rate on the development and seed yields of winter rape cultivars. Akl. Ros. 169: 111-119.
21. Jenkins PD, Leitch MH (1986). Effects of sowing date on the growth and yield of winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus, L). J. Agric. Sci. UK. 107(2): 405-420.
22. Khalid Usman1, Ayatullah, Niamatullah Khan & Sohrab Khan (2016). Genotype-By-Sowing Date Interaction Effects on Cotton Yield and Quality in Irrigated Condition of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 48(5): 1933-1944.
23. Kutcher HR, JS Warland & SA Brandt (2010). Temperature and precipitation effects on canola yields in Saskatchewan, Canada. Agric. For. Meteorol. 150:161–165.
24. LH Gammelvind, JK Schjoerring, VO Mogensen, CR Jensen & JGH (1996). Bock. Photosynthesis in leaves and siliques of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Plant and Soil 186: 227-236.
25. Lee CH, HS Shin & KH Kang (2004). Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of peat moss and its different humic fractions. J. Kor. Soc. Soil Groundwater Environ. 9:42-51.
26. MacCarthy P, C E Clapp, R L Malcom & P R Bloom (2001). Humic substances in soil and crop sciences: selected readings. Am. Soc. Agron. and Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Madison, W.I.
27. Mirzamasoumzadeh B et al. “A comparison study on humic acid fertilizers effect on initial growth stages on four wheat cultivars”. Annual Biological Research 3.10 (2012): 4747-4750.
28. plants to potassium fertilizer and humic acid. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ. 30(1): 441-452.
29. Rajpar I, Bhatti MB, Zia-ul-Hassan & Shah AN. Humic acid improves growth, yield and oil content of Brassica compestris L. Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 2011, 27 (2): 125-133.
30. Rao V M, R Govindasamy & S Chanderasekaran (2000). Effect of humic acid on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), var. SH-9. Current Sci., 6 (4): 173-176.
31. Robertson MJ, Holland JF & Bambach R (2004) Response of Canola and Indian Mustard to Sowing Date in the Grain Belt of North-Eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44: 43-52.
32. Saadati Jamal & Mehdi Baghi (2014). Evaluation of the Effect of Various Amounts of Humic Acid on Yield, Yield Components and Protein of Chickpea Cultivars (Cicer Arietinum L.). Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 2014; 2 (7), 2306-2313.
33. Salt D E, R C Prince, I J Pickering & I Raskin (2001). Effect of various levels of humic acid (HA) on the growth and yield of Indian mustard. Plant Physiol., 109: 1427-1433.
34. Salwa & A I Eisa. “Effect of amendments, humic and amino acids on increases soil fertility, yields and seeds quality of peanut and sesame on sandy soils”. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 7.1 (2011): 115-125.
35. Sani Behzad. Foliar Application of Humic Acid on Plant Height in Canola. APCBEE Procedia 8 (2014) 82 – 86.
36. Sania B. “Foliar application of humic acid on plant height in canola”. APCBEE Procedia 8 (2014): 82-86.
37. Sharief AE & Keshta MM (2000). Response of some canola Cultivars (Brassica napus, L) to different sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizers in soil affecting by salinity. Zag. J. Agric. Res. 27(3): 603- 616
38. Sparks DL (2003). In Environmental Soil Chemistry. University Of Delaware. 82-84.
39. Sultan H. Begna, Sangamesh V. Angadi (2016) Effects of Planting Date on Winter Canola Growth and Yield in the Southwestern U.S. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7: 201-217.
40. Ulukan H (2008). Humic acid application into field crops cultivation. KS Uni. Journal Science. Engendering. 11(2); 119-128.
41. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service. 20113. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ocs-oil-crops-outlook
42. Wang S, Wang E, Wang F & Tang L (2012) Phenological Development and Grain Yield of Canola as Affected by Sowing Date and Climate Variation in the Yangtze River Basin of China. Crop & Pasture Science, 63, 478-488.
43. Wanga Z et al. “Effect of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers on wheat yield in relation to accumulated nitrate at different depths of soil in dry lands of China”. Journal of Field Crop Research, 183 (2015): 211-224.