Determination of Some Growth and Development Characteristics Between Birth and Twelve Months Age in Yerli Kara Cattle

Abstract

This study was carried out for the purpose of determination of some growth and development characteristics in the period between birth and twelve months of age in Yerli Kara cattle. The animal material of the study was composed of 104 Yerli Kara calves located in Ankara province. In the study, live weight, withers height, rump height, chest girth, body length, chest depth and front wrist girth values at birth were found as 14.85 kg, 58.00 cm, 60.10 cm, 54.41 cm, 49.36 cm, 24.25 cm and 7.40 cm respectively. The same values at the age of three months were found as 49.37 kg, 73.95 cm, 76.84 cm, 83.45 cm, 79.14 cm, 35.45 cm and 9.46 cm respectively. Values at the age of six months in these calves were detected as 81.22 kg, 87.29 cm, 90.35 cm, 99.36 cm, 92.93 cm, 42.79 cm and 10.58 cm respectively. Values at the age of twelve-month were determined as 97.29 kg, 92.15 cm, 95.55 cm, 106.22 cm, 98.07 cm, 45.26 cm and 10.74 cm in the same order. Average daily gains values were found 0.360 kg in the period between birth and 3 months of age, 0.333 kg from 3 to 6 months, and 0.102 kg from 6 to 12 months. The results showed that the body measurements of animals in this study are generally lower than the values reported in literature. Therefore, a selection program considering this fact will be useful for the development of native Yerli Kara cattle maintained at the farm operations of Ankara province.

Keywords

• Average daily gain
• Body measurement
• Live weight
• Yerli Kara cattle

References

1. Abera H, Abegaz S & Mekasha Y (2012). Influence of non-genetic factors on growth traits of Horro (Zebu) and their crosses with Holstein Friesian and Jersey cattle. International Journal of Livestock Production 3(7): 72-77
2. Akbulut Ö, Bayram B & Yanar N (2001). Yarı entansif şartlarda yetiştirilen Esmer ve Siyah Alaca buzağıların doğum ağırlığına ait fenotipik ve genetik parametre tahminleri, Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 41(2): 11-20
3. Alpan O & Aksoy A R (2012). Sığır yetiştiriciliği ve besiciliği. 6th edition, Milsan Printing Press, Ankara, pp. 29-242
4. Ayaşan T, Hızlı H, Asarkaya A & Coşkun M A (2016). Siyah Alaca buzağılarda büyüme performansı ve yaşama gücü. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 3(3): 223-228
5. Bayrıl T & Yılmaz O (2010). Kazova Vasfi Diren Tarım İşletmesinde yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca buzağılarda büyüme performansı ve yaşama gücü. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 21(3): 169-173
6. Boztepe S, Aytekin İ & Zülkadir U (2015). Süt Sığırcılığı. Selçuk University Printing Press, 1st edition, Konya, pp. 29
7. Casasus I, Sanz A, Villalba D, Ferrer R & Revilla R (2002). Factors affecting animal performance during the grazing season in a mountain cattle production system. Journal of Animal Science 80(6): 1638-1651
8. Demirhan İ (2008). Belirli çevre faktörleri ve akrabalı yetiştirmenin Yerli Kara sığırların farklı vücut ölçüleri üzerine etkileri. MSc Thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey

9. Estermann B L, Wettstein H R, Sutter F, Erdin D & Kreuzer M (2003). Effect of calving period on herbage intake and nutrient turnover of Simmental and Angus suckler cows with Angus sired calves grazing subalpine and alpine pastures. Livestock Production Science 79(2-3): 169-182
10. Hızlı H, Ayaşan T, Asarkaya A, Coşkun M A & Yazgan E (2017). Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünde yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca buzağılarda büyüme performansı ve yaşama gücü. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 7(1): 383-389
11. Kılıçel R (2014). Şile bölgesindeki Yerli Kara ve Esmer sığırlarda farklı yetiştirme tiplerinin incelenmesi, PhD Thesis, Selçuk University, Turkey
12. Koçak S, Tekerli M, Özbeyaz C & Demirhan İ (2008). Lalahan Merkez Hayvancılık Aratırma Enstitüsü’nde yetiştirilen Holtayn, Esmer ve Simental sığırlarda bazı verim özellikleri. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 48(2): 51-57
13. Roth B A, Hillmann E, Stauffacher M & Keil N M (2008). Improved weaning reduces cross-sucking and may improve weight gain in dairy calves. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 111(3-4): 251-261
14. Özhan M, Tüzemen N & Yanar M (2012). Büyükbaş hayvan yetiştirme. 6th edition, Faculty of Agriculture Atatürk University Printing Press, Paplication no: 134, Erzurum, pp. 124
15. Özlütürk A, Güler O, Yanar M, Akbulut Ö, Tüzemen N, Kopuzlu S, Küçüközdemir A & Yüksel S (2007). Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı sığırlarında büyüme ve gelişme özellikleri üzerine etkili bazı çevre faktörleri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 4(1): 17-26
16. Ünal İ, Tuncer H İ, Sakar Ç M & Ünay E (2019). The effect of maternal age on some body measurements in Anatolian Black Calves. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture 2(1): 47-50
17. Ünalan A & Işık A (2007). A Study on determination of environmental effects and phenotypic correlations among some body measurements of South Anatolian Red (Kilis) calves. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Çukurova University 22(2): 1-6
18. TÜİK (2020). According to years the presence of cattle in Turkey. Retrieved in April, 12, 2020 from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist
19. Villalba D, Casasús I, Sanz A, Estany J & Revilla R (2000). Preweaning growth curves in Brown Swiss and Pirenaica calves with emphasis on individual variability. Journal of Animal Science 78(5): 1132-11