Evaluation of Insecticide Toxicity and Enzymatic Detoxification in Neonate Larvae of European Grapevine Moth, Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract

Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), also known as the European grapevine moth is a detrimental pest in grape production in Palearctic Region. Insecticides are used to control L. botrana infestation in grape-produced areas; however, repeated and intensive use of insecticide causes reduced efficacy in L. botrana management. In the present study, the efficacy of five commonly used insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, and spinosad) was evaluated in two field populations (AL and SAR) from Manisa, Turkey. In addition, detoxification enzyme activities including esterase (EST) and glutathion-S-transferase (GST) were measured via in vitro assays. LC50 values were found lower for chlorpyrifos-ethyl, emamectin benzoate, and spinosad and higher for indoxacarb and lambda-cyhalotrin in AL populations compared to SAR population. EST levels were slightly higher in AL population compared to SAR. GST levels were found higher in SAR population. However, no statistical difference was found in both detoxification enzyme activities and EST enzyme levels were higher than GST enzyme levels in both populations. Findings of the current study would help growers as well as the applicator to strategize their insecticide use in integrated pest management programs for L. botrana and possibly mitigate any insecticide resistance development.

Keywords

• detoxification enzyme
• dose-response
• grape
• insecticide toxicity
• Tortricidae

References

1. Amrine J W Jr & Manson D C M (1996). Preparation, Mounting and Descriptive Study of Eriophyoid Mites. In: E E Lindquist, M W Sabelis & J (Eds.), Bruin Eriophyoid Mite, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, World Crop Pest, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 787
2. Amrine J W, Stasny T A & Fletchmann, C H W (2003). Revised Keys to the World Genera of the Eriophyoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, Michigan, pp. 244
3. De Lillo E, Craemer C, Amrine J W & Nuzzaci, G (2010). Recommended procedures and techniques for morphological studies of Eriophyoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Experimental Applied Acarology 51 (3): 283–307
4. Denizhan E, Monfreda R, Cobanoğlu S & De Lillo E (2006). Three new Aceria species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from Turkey. International Journal of Acarology 32 (2): 179-184
5. Denizhan E, Monfreda R, De Lillo E & Cobanoğlu S (2008). Two new species of the eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) associated with Elaeagnaceae in Turkey. Zootaxa 1698 (2): 41-48
6. Denizhan E & Cobanoğlu S (2010). Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Erıophyoidea) in Van Lake Basin from Turkey. International Journal of Acarology 36 (6): 503-510
7. Denizhan E, Monfreda R, De Lillo E & Cobanoğlu S (2015). Eriophyoid mite fauna (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) of Turkey: new species, new distribution reports and an updated catalogue. Zootaxa 3991 (1): 1–63
8. Denizhan E (2018). Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on fruit trees in Yalova, Turkey. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 28 (3): 285-288

9. Diler H & Ozman-Sullivan S K (2016). Eriophyoid mites and their population densities on weeds of the family Asteraceae in wheat fields in the central Anatolian region of Turkey. In:6th Plant Protection Congress with International Participation 5-8 September, Konya, Turkey, pp.442
10. Diler H & Ozman-Sullivan S K (2011). Fındık bahçelerinde bulunan yabancı otlardaki eriophyoid akarlar. In:Türkiye IV. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 28-30 Haziran, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, pp 309
11. Ekim T & Güner A (2000). Introduction: The floristic richness of Turkey.In: Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 17 (2): 48–59
12. Gokce M P, Karagoz M, Faraji F & Cakmak I (2020). Mite species composition and their population densities on chestnut trees in Turkey. International Journal of Acarology 46 (4): 247-253
13. Hatipoglu A, Durmusoglu E & Gurkan M O (2015). Determination of insecticide resistance of European grapevine moth [Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] populations in vineyards of Manisa province. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39: 55-65
14. İpek A. & Gürbüz B (2010). Salvia species in flora of Turkey and their status in danger. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 19 (1-2): 30-35
15. Keifer H H (1975). Injurious Eriophyoid Mites, 327-533. In: L R Jeppson, H H Keifer & E W Baker (Eds.), Mites Injurious to Economic Plants, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, pp.614
16. Karagöz A (2003). Plant genetic resources conservation in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae 598 (2): 17-25
17. Lindquist E E, Sabelis M W & Bruin J (1996). Eriophyoid Mites, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pest, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.787
18. Pasquini S, Haxaire-Lutun M O, Rison J L, Flier W G & Teixeira L A (2018). Susceptibility of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to chlorantraniliprole in the Emilia Romagna Region of Northeast Italy. J Econ Entomol 111: 369-374
19. Pavan F J S, Marco V, Zalom F G & Perez-Moreno I (2005). Effects of methoxyfenozide on Lobesia botrana Den & Schiff (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) egg, larval and adult stages. Pest Management Science 61: 1133-1137
20. Pavan F, Cargnus E, Bigot G & Zandigiacomo P (2014). Residual activity of insecticides applied against Lobesia botrana and its influence on resistance management strategies. B Insectol 67: 273-280
21. Ripka G (2007). Checklist of the eriophyoid mite fauna of Hungary (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 42 (1): 59-142
22. Skoracka A & Dabert M (2010). The cereal rust mite Abacarus hystrix (Acari: Eriophyoidea) is a complex of species: evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Bulletin of Entomological Research 100 (3): 263-272
23. Skoracka A & Kuczyński L (2012). Measuring the host specificity of plant-feeding mites based on field data – a case study of the Aceria species. Biologia 67 (1): 546–560
24. Smith L, De Lillo E & Amrine J W (2010). Effectiveness of eriophyid mites for biological control of weedy plants and challenges for future research. Experimental and Applied Acarology 51 (1): 115-149
25. Usanmaz H, Karadağ S & Denizhan E (2018). First record for the Turkish mite fauna; Aceria stefanii (Nalepa, 1898) (Acariformes: Eriophyidae). Plant Protection Bulletin 58 (3): 195-198
26. Vassiliou, V. A. 2011. Effectiveness of Insecticides in Controlling the First and Second Generations of the Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Table Grapes. J Econ Entomol 104: 580-585