Eggshell Water Vapor Conductance and Shell Structural Characteristics of Broiler Breeder in Different Flock Ages

Year 2020, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 246 - 253, 04.06.2020

Ümran Şahan , Saliha Sabah , Arda Sözcü

https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.471225

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate eggshell traits; including eggshell water vapor conductance, eggshell thickness, pore density, egg weight loss as well as eggshell surface area and volume in 28 and 40 week-old broiler breeders. Furthermore, the phenotypic correlations among the eggshell characteristics were determined. The eggs were ranged from 54.41 g to 60.78 g and 54.71 g to 60.62 g in 28 and 40 wk-old age groups, respectively. All eggs were weighed and numbered before setting and were monitored individually until the end of the incubation. Mean eggshell water vapor conductance (G) value was 11.00±1.01 mg H2O day-1 torr-1 in 28 wk-old flock and 11.99±1.28 mg H2O day-1 torr-1 in 40 wk-old flock respectively (P<0.05). The mean value of shell thickness and pore density mean along with the two regions (broad end and equator) were higher and significant in 28 wk-old flock (P<0.01). Egg weight loss was not found to be significant. Surface area was higher in 40 wk-old flock while as volume was higher in 28 wk-old flocks (P<0.01). There was no correlation between eggshell thickness and pore density. Both eggshell thickness and pore density were having significant positive correlation along with three eggshell regions in each flock ages (P<0.01).

Keywords

Water vapour conductance, eggshell thickness, pore density, correlation

References

• Ancel A & Girard H (1992). Eggshell of the domestic guinea fowl. British Poultry Science 33(5): 993-1001
• Ar A, Paganelli C V, Reeves R B, Greene D G & Rahn H (1974). The avian egg: Water vapour conductance, shell thickness and functional pore area. Condor 76: 153–158
• Araujo I C S, Leandro N S M, Meaquita M A, Cafe M A, Mello H H C & Gonzales E (2017). Water vapour conductance: a technique using eggshell fragments and relations with other parameters of eggshell. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 46(12): 896-902
• Aviagen (2010). Ross: Ross Breeder Parent Stock Management Guide. Accessed Jun. 2013
• Bamelis F R, De Ketelaere B, Mertens K, Kemps Bn J, Decuypere E M & De Baerdemaeker J G (2008). Measuring the conductance of eggshells using the acoustic resonance technique and optical transmission spectra. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 60: 35-40
• Board R G & Halls N A (1973). The cuticle: a barrier to liquid and particle penetration of the shell of the hen’s egg. British Poultry Science 14 (1): 69-79
• Carey C (1986). Tolerance in variation in eggshell conductance, water loss, and water content by Red-winged Blackbird embryos. Physiological Zoology 59(1): 109-122
• Christensen V L, Wineland M J, Ort D T & Mann K M (2005). Eggshell conductance and incubator ventilation as factors in embryo survival and poultry quality. International Journal of Poultry Science 4(11): 818–826
• Deeming D C (2002). Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment, and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford
• French N A & Tullett S G (1991). Variation in the eggs of poultry species. Page 59 in: Avian Incubation (S. G. Tullett, ed.). Butterworth and Heinemann, London, UK
• Gilbert A B (1971). The egg: Its physical and chemical aspects. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl. vol 3, eds Bell, D. J. and Freeman. B.M. Academic, New York, pp. 1379 -1399
• Gualhanone A, Furlan R L, Fernandez-Alarcon M F & Macari M (2012). Effect of breeder age on eggshell thickness, surface temperature, hatchability and chick weigh. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 14(1): 09-14
• Hamidu J A, Fasenko G M, Feddes J J R, O’Dea E E, Ouellette C A, Wineland M J & Christensen V L (2007). The Effect of Broiler Breeder Genetic Strain and Parent Flock Age on Eggshell Conductance and Embryonic Metabolism. Poultry Science 86(11): 2420–2432
• Hamilton R M G, Hollands K G, Voisey P W & Grunder A A (1979). Relationship between eggshell quality and shell breakage and factors that affect shell breakage in the field-a review. World’s Poultry Science Journal 35: 177–190
• Ipek A & Sahan U (2001). Effect of specific gravity and flock age on hatching traits in broiler breeders. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 25(6): 817-821
• Kontecka H, Nowaczewski S & Sierszuła M M (2012). Analysis of changes in egg quality of broiler breeders during the first reproduction period. Annals of Animal Science 12 (4): 609–620
• Meir M & Ar A (2008). Changes in eggshell conductance, water loss and hatchability of layer hens with flock age and moulting British Poultry Science. 49(6): 677-684
• Morita V S, Boleli I C & Cargnelutti Filho A (2009). Hematological values and body, heart and liver weights in male and female broiler embryos taken from eggs of young and old breeders. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 11(1): 19-27
• Nangsuay A, Meijerhof R, van den Anker I, Heetkamp M J W, De Souza Morita V, Kemp B & van den Brand H (2016). Effects of breeder age, broiler strain, and eggshell temperature on development and physiological status of embryos and hatchlings. Poultry Science 95(7): 1666–1679
• National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Ninth Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
• O’Dea E E, Fasenko G M, Feddes J J R, Robinson F E, Segura J C, Ouellette C A & van Middelkoop J H (2004). Investigating the eggshell conductance and embryonic metabolism of modern and unselected domestic avian genetic strains at two flock ages. Poultry Science 83: 2059–2070
• Paganelli C V, Olszowka A & Ar A (1974). The avian egg: surface area, volume, and density. The Condor 76(3): 319-325
• Peebles E D & Brake J (1987). Eggshell quality and hatchability in broiler breeder eggs. Poultry Science 66(4): 596–604
• Peebles E D, Gardner C W, Brake J, Benton C E, Bruzual J J & Gerard P D (2000). Albumen height and yolk and embryo compositions in broiler hatching eggs during incubation. Poultry Science 79(10):1373–1377
• Peeble E D & Cristropher D M (2013). A practical manual for understanding the shell structure of broiler hatching eggs and measurement of their quality. Mississippi agricultural & forestry experiment station Bulletin 1139
• Reis L H, Gama L T &Soares M C (1997). Effects of short storage conditions and broiler breeder age on hatchability, hatching time, and chick weights. Poultry Science 76(11):1459–1466
• Roland D A (1988). Eggshell breakage: Incidence and economic impact. Poultry Science 67(12): 1801–1803
• Roque L & Soares M C (1994). Effects of eggshell quality and broiler breeder age on hatchability. Poultry Science 73(12): 1838–1845
• SAS (2008). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, 9th edition. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina
• Shanawany M M (1984). The interrelationship between egg weight parental age and embryonic size. British Poultry Science 25(4):449–455 Tullett S G (1981). Theoretical and practical aspects of eggshell porosity. Turkeys 29: 24-28
• Tullett S G (1990). Science and the art of incubation. Poultry Science 69(1): 1–15.Vieira S L & Moran Jr E T (1999). Effects of egg of origin and chick post-hatch nutrition on broiler live performance and meat yields. World’s Poultry Science Journal 55(2):125–142
• Visschedijk A H J (1983). The importance of convection in the determination of the water vapour conductance of avian egg shell. British Poultry Science 24(1): 47-56.Visschedijk A H J (1991). Gordon Memorial Lecture: Physics and physiology of incubation. British Poultry Science 32(1): 3-20
• Zhou P, Zheng W, Zhao C, Shen C & Sun G (2009). Egg volume and surface area calculatıons based on machıne vision. In IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 295, Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 3, eds. D. Li, Z. Chunjiang, Boston: Springer, pp. 1647–1653.