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Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Korunan ve Otlatılan Mera Kesimlerinde Toprak Üstü Biyoması, Ot kalitesi ve Yaprak Alan İndeksinin Değişimi

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 03, 217 - 223, 01.08.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001094

Öz

Ot üretimi ve tüketim arasında doğru bir denge kurmak meraların uygun kullanımı için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uygun mera yönetim planına katkıda bulunmak için bazı bitki ya da bitki örtüsü ile ilgili özellikleri belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinin korunan ve çok uzun yıllardır çobanla otlatılan iki farklı mera kesiminde otlatma mevsiminin başlangıcından yaz dormansi döneminin başlangıcına kadar geçen sürede otun ADF, NDF, ham protein içeriği, yaprak sap oranı, ölü materyal, toprak üstü biyoması, spesifik yaprak ağırlığı, yaprak alan indeksindeki değişimleri incelenmiştir. Korunan kesimde yaprak alan indeksi otlatılan kesimden daha yüksek olmuştur. Her iki kesimde de haziran ayının ortalarından sonra azalma eğilimine giren YAI otlatılan kesimde haziran ayının sonlarına doğru kritik sınırın altına düşmüştür. Spesifik yaprak ağırlığı bitkide gelişme ilerledikçe artmış ve Haziran ayının sonlarında otlatılan kesimde azalmaya başlamıştır. Haziran ayının sonuna kadar korunan kesimde toprak üstü aksamda artış olurken, bu artış otlatılan kesimde Haziran ayının ortasında durmuştur. Sap oranı bitkinin gelişmesiyle artarken yaprak oranı azalmıştır. Ölü materyal birikimi korunan alanda tespit edilmişken, otlatılan kesimde ölü materyal birikimi gerçekleşmemiştir. Otun ham protein, ADF ve NDF içeriği otlatılan alanda korunan alandan daha yüksek olmuştur. Genellikle ham protein içeriği otlatma mevsimi başlangıcından büyüme dönemi sonuna kadar doğrusal olarak azalmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Bakoglu, A., A. Gokkus and A. Koc.1999a. Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season II. changes in chemical composition. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 495-508.
  • Bakoglu, A., A. Gokkus and A. Koc. 1999b. Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season I. changes in biomass, root/shoot ratio, stem, leaf, flower ratios. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 487-494.
  • Barnes, D.K., R.B. Pearce, G.E. Carlson, R.H. Hart and C.H. Hanson. 1969. Specific leaf weight differences in alfalfa associated with variety and plant age. Agronomy Journal 9: 421-423.
  • Brown, R.W. 1995. The water relations of range plants. pp: 291-413. Editör. D.J. Bedunah, R.E. Sosebe. Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology. Soc. Range Manage, Denver, Colorado, USA.
  • Buxton, R.D., D.R. Mertens and D.S Fisher. 1996. Forage quality and ruminant utilization. pp: 229-267. Editör: L.E. Mooser, D.R. Buxton ve M.D Casler. Cool Season Forage Grasses Madison, Wilkonsin, USA.
  • Dahl, B.E. 1995. Developmental morphology of plants. pp: 22- 58. Editör. D.J. Bedunah, R.E. Sosebe. Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology. Soc. Range Manage, Denver, Colorado, USA.
  • Demirbağ, N. . 2008. Meralarda farklı otlatma yoğunluklarının bastırılmış ot katı yüksekliği ve ak üçgülün (Trifolium repens L.) görülme sıklığına etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 14(1): 8-15.
  • Duru, M., P. Cruz and D. Magda. 2004. Using plant traits to compare sward structure and composition of grass species across environmental gradients. Applied Vegetation Science 7: 11-18.
  • Holechek, J.L., R.D. Pieper and C.H. Herbel. 2004. Range Management: Principles and Practises. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, 607 p.
  • Jones, D.I.H. 1981. Chemical composition and nutritive value. pp: 243-265. Editör: J. Hodgson, R.D. Baker, A. Davies, A. Laidlaw, S. Leaver ve J. Hurley. Sward measurement handbook. England, British Grassland Society.
  • Koc, A. and A. Gokkus. 1993. Mera idaresinde bitki-hayvan ilişkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 24: 185-201.
  • Koc, A. and A. Gokkus. 1994. Güzelyurt köyü mer'a vejetasyonunun botanik kompozisyonu ve toprağı kaplama alanı ile bırakılacak en uygun anız yüksekliğinin belirlenmesi. Turk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi 18: 495-500.
  • Koc, A. and A. Gokkus. 1996. Annual variation above ground biomass, vegetation height and crude protein yield on natural rangelands of Erzurum. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 20: 305-308.
  • Lemaire, G. and M. Agnusdei. 2000. Leaf tissue turnover and efficiency of herbage utilization. pp: 265-288. Editör: G. Lemaire, J. Hodgson, A. De Moraes, P.C De, F. Carvalho ve C. Nabinger. Grasland Ecophysiology and Grazin Ecology CABI Publ., Oxon.
  • Lacefield, G.J., C. Henning, M. Collins and L. Swetnam. 1999. Quality hay production. Cooperative Extension Service, Univ. Kentucky, Coll. Agric., Agr., 62, 3 (77): 1-4.
  • Li-Cor, 1992. LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer operating manual. LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebr. Apr. 1992.
  • Linn, J.G. and N.P. Martin. 1999. Forage quality tests and interpretations. Univ. Minnesota, Extens. servi, Food and Environment Science., 4 p.
  • Lyons, R.K., R. Machen and T.D.A. Forbes. 1996. Why range forage quality changes. Texas Agric. Extension Service. College Station. B-6036. 8 p.
  • Mattson, W.J. 1980. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annual Rewiev of Ecology and Systematics 11: 119-161.
  • Messman, M.A., W.P. Weiss and D.O. Erickson. 1991. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and maturity of bromegrass on in situ ruminal digestion kinetics of fiber. Journal of Animal Science 69: 1151-1161.
  • Molinar, F., D. Galt and J. Holechek. 2001. Managing for mulch. Rangelands 23 (4): 3-7.
  • Nelson, R.E. 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. pp: 181-197. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd edition. American Society of 12 Agronomy, Madison, USA.
  • Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic 10 Matter. pp: 538-580. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd edition. American Society of 12 Agronomy, Madison, USA.
  • Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1995. Morphology and Systematics. pp: 15-30. Editör: R.F. Barnes, D.A. Miller ve C.J. Nelson. Forages. Iowa State Univ. Pres. Ames, Iowa, USA.
  • Olsen, S.R. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. pp: 403- 427. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. Methods of Soil Analysis. Agronomics Monograph ASA and SSSA, Madison, USA.
  • Tan, M., H.I. Erkovan and Y. Serin. 2000. Taş yoncalarının (Melilotus officinalis L. and Melilotus alba L.) değişik gelişme dönemlerinde besleme değeri. International Animal Nutrition Congress 464-470. 4-6 September 2000, Isparta.
  • Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable Cations. pp: 159-165. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd edition. American Society of 12 Agronomy, Madison, USA.
  • Vallentine, J.F. 1990. Grazing Management. Academic Pres, Inc., 553 p.
  • Van Soest, P.J. 1963. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for determination of fiber and lignin. Journal of The Association of Official Analytical Chemists 46: 829-835.
  • Wilson, D. and J.P. Cooper. 1969. Apparent photosynthesis and leaf Characters in relation to leaf position and age, among contrasting Lolium genotypes. New Phytologist 98: 649-655.

Changes in Leaf Area Index, Forage Quality and Above-Ground Biomass in Grazed and Ungrazed Rangelands of Eastern Anatolia Region

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 03, 217 - 223, 01.08.2009
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001094

Öz

Establishing an appropriate poise between forage production and consumption is crucial for sustainable range use. The aim of this study is to determine some plant aspects and canopy structure to generate an apposite management plan. Therefore, two rangelands, continuously grazed that traditional herder grazing system has been applied for centuries and ungrazed for the last 30 years, in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, were selected as the two experimental sites to examine changes in leaf area index LAI , specific leaf weight SLW , above ground biomass and dead material, leaf and stem ratio, crude protein, ADF and NDF content of forage, from beginning of the grazing season to the and of the growing season. Leaf area index, in ungrazed site was higher than that of the grazed site. In both treatments, LAI tended to decline after the midJune, while in grazed site it was below the critical threshold towards the end of June. In grazed site the specific leaf weight increased as the plant growth progressed, and it began to decline in late June. While there was an increase in above-ground biomass on the ungrazed site until the end of June, this increase ceased at mid-June in the grazed treatment. As the stem ratio enlarged with the development of plants, the leaf ratio dwindled. Dead plant material accumulated in the ungrazed site, whereas it did not in the grazed site. Crude protein, ADF and NDF contents of the foliage were higher in the ungrazed plots than those of the grazed plots. The CP content gradually decreased from the beginning to the end of growing season

Kaynakça

  • Bakoglu, A., A. Gokkus and A. Koc.1999a. Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season II. changes in chemical composition. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 495-508.
  • Bakoglu, A., A. Gokkus and A. Koc. 1999b. Variation in biomass and chemical composition of dominant rangeland plants during the growing season I. changes in biomass, root/shoot ratio, stem, leaf, flower ratios. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23: 487-494.
  • Barnes, D.K., R.B. Pearce, G.E. Carlson, R.H. Hart and C.H. Hanson. 1969. Specific leaf weight differences in alfalfa associated with variety and plant age. Agronomy Journal 9: 421-423.
  • Brown, R.W. 1995. The water relations of range plants. pp: 291-413. Editör. D.J. Bedunah, R.E. Sosebe. Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology. Soc. Range Manage, Denver, Colorado, USA.
  • Buxton, R.D., D.R. Mertens and D.S Fisher. 1996. Forage quality and ruminant utilization. pp: 229-267. Editör: L.E. Mooser, D.R. Buxton ve M.D Casler. Cool Season Forage Grasses Madison, Wilkonsin, USA.
  • Dahl, B.E. 1995. Developmental morphology of plants. pp: 22- 58. Editör. D.J. Bedunah, R.E. Sosebe. Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology. Soc. Range Manage, Denver, Colorado, USA.
  • Demirbağ, N. . 2008. Meralarda farklı otlatma yoğunluklarının bastırılmış ot katı yüksekliği ve ak üçgülün (Trifolium repens L.) görülme sıklığına etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 14(1): 8-15.
  • Duru, M., P. Cruz and D. Magda. 2004. Using plant traits to compare sward structure and composition of grass species across environmental gradients. Applied Vegetation Science 7: 11-18.
  • Holechek, J.L., R.D. Pieper and C.H. Herbel. 2004. Range Management: Principles and Practises. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, 607 p.
  • Jones, D.I.H. 1981. Chemical composition and nutritive value. pp: 243-265. Editör: J. Hodgson, R.D. Baker, A. Davies, A. Laidlaw, S. Leaver ve J. Hurley. Sward measurement handbook. England, British Grassland Society.
  • Koc, A. and A. Gokkus. 1993. Mera idaresinde bitki-hayvan ilişkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 24: 185-201.
  • Koc, A. and A. Gokkus. 1994. Güzelyurt köyü mer'a vejetasyonunun botanik kompozisyonu ve toprağı kaplama alanı ile bırakılacak en uygun anız yüksekliğinin belirlenmesi. Turk Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi 18: 495-500.
  • Koc, A. and A. Gokkus. 1996. Annual variation above ground biomass, vegetation height and crude protein yield on natural rangelands of Erzurum. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 20: 305-308.
  • Lemaire, G. and M. Agnusdei. 2000. Leaf tissue turnover and efficiency of herbage utilization. pp: 265-288. Editör: G. Lemaire, J. Hodgson, A. De Moraes, P.C De, F. Carvalho ve C. Nabinger. Grasland Ecophysiology and Grazin Ecology CABI Publ., Oxon.
  • Lacefield, G.J., C. Henning, M. Collins and L. Swetnam. 1999. Quality hay production. Cooperative Extension Service, Univ. Kentucky, Coll. Agric., Agr., 62, 3 (77): 1-4.
  • Li-Cor, 1992. LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer operating manual. LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebr. Apr. 1992.
  • Linn, J.G. and N.P. Martin. 1999. Forage quality tests and interpretations. Univ. Minnesota, Extens. servi, Food and Environment Science., 4 p.
  • Lyons, R.K., R. Machen and T.D.A. Forbes. 1996. Why range forage quality changes. Texas Agric. Extension Service. College Station. B-6036. 8 p.
  • Mattson, W.J. 1980. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annual Rewiev of Ecology and Systematics 11: 119-161.
  • Messman, M.A., W.P. Weiss and D.O. Erickson. 1991. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and maturity of bromegrass on in situ ruminal digestion kinetics of fiber. Journal of Animal Science 69: 1151-1161.
  • Molinar, F., D. Galt and J. Holechek. 2001. Managing for mulch. Rangelands 23 (4): 3-7.
  • Nelson, R.E. 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. pp: 181-197. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd edition. American Society of 12 Agronomy, Madison, USA.
  • Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic 10 Matter. pp: 538-580. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd edition. American Society of 12 Agronomy, Madison, USA.
  • Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1995. Morphology and Systematics. pp: 15-30. Editör: R.F. Barnes, D.A. Miller ve C.J. Nelson. Forages. Iowa State Univ. Pres. Ames, Iowa, USA.
  • Olsen, S.R. and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. pp: 403- 427. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. Methods of Soil Analysis. Agronomics Monograph ASA and SSSA, Madison, USA.
  • Tan, M., H.I. Erkovan and Y. Serin. 2000. Taş yoncalarının (Melilotus officinalis L. and Melilotus alba L.) değişik gelişme dönemlerinde besleme değeri. International Animal Nutrition Congress 464-470. 4-6 September 2000, Isparta.
  • Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable Cations. pp: 159-165. Editör: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller ve D.R. Keeney. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd edition. American Society of 12 Agronomy, Madison, USA.
  • Vallentine, J.F. 1990. Grazing Management. Academic Pres, Inc., 553 p.
  • Van Soest, P.J. 1963. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for determination of fiber and lignin. Journal of The Association of Official Analytical Chemists 46: 829-835.
  • Wilson, D. and J.P. Cooper. 1969. Apparent photosynthesis and leaf Characters in relation to leaf position and age, among contrasting Lolium genotypes. New Phytologist 98: 649-655.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

H. Ibrahim Erkovan Bu kişi benim

M. Kerim Gullap Bu kişi benim

Mahmut Dascı Bu kişi benim

Ali Koc Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2009
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ocak 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 03

Kaynak Göster

APA Erkovan, H. I., Gullap, M. K., Dascı, M., Koc, A. (2009). Changes in Leaf Area Index, Forage Quality and Above-Ground Biomass in Grazed and Ungrazed Rangelands of Eastern Anatolia Region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 15(03), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001094

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