Investigation of the contribution of soil conditions to damage and failure of RC structures in Adapazarı

Abstract

During the 17^th August 1999 Marmara earthquake, the soil has played important role as a contributing factor in the failure of Reinforced Concrete (RC) moment resisting frame buildings built in Adapazari. In this study, the differences of contributing effects on the filure of RC buildings which were built in the soft soil such as Adapazari downtown and stiff soil such as Maltepe has been investigated. Various two dimensional soil-structure models are formed with the simulations of buildings, which had some irregularities suh as soft story, weak stoey and short column effect, and soil properties of Adapazari downtown and Maltepe. The dynamic analysis of the soil-structure models subjected to Marmara earthquake was carried out using SAP2000 software packet program. The outcomes of lateral top displacement of SSI models with respect to soil conditions were presented as graphs and the results were discussed. 

References

1. M.H. Arslan MH, Korkmaz H, 2007. What is to be learned from damage and failure of reinforced concrete structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey? Eng. Fail. Anal. 14: 1–22.
2. Sancio RB, Braya JD, Stewartb JP, Youdc TL, Durgunoglu HT, Onalp A, Seeda RB, Christensenc C, Baturayb MB, Karadayilar T, 2002. Correlation between ground failure and soil conditions in Adapazari, Turkey. Soil Dyn. and Earth. Eng., 22: 1093–1102.
3. USGS, 2000. Implications for Earthquake Risk Reduction in the United States from the Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake of August 17, 1999. U.S. Department of the Interior: Babbitt, Bruce and the U.S. Geological Survey: Groat, Charles G. Denver, United States of America.
4. Gullu H. and Pala M., 2014. On the resonance effect by dynamic soil--structure interaction: A revelation study. Natural Hazards, 72 (2), 827-847.
5. Aydemir ME, 2013. Inelastic displacement ratios for evaluation of stiffness degrading structures with soil structure interaction built on soft soil sites. Struct Engng and Mech, An Int'l J, 45 (6), 741-758.
6. Pala, M; Caglar, N; Elmas, M; Cevik, A; Saribiyik, M. 2006. Dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis of buildings by neural networks. Construction and Building Materials, 22, 330-342.
7. Ben Jamaa S, Shiojiri H, 2000. A method for three dimensional interaction analysis of pile-soil system in time domain. Transactions of the Japan Society for Computational Engng and Science.
8. Jaya KP, Meher Prasad A, 2002. Embedded foundation in layered soil under dynamic excitations. Soil Dyn Earthquake Engng. 22. 485-498.

9. Lysmer J, Kuhlemeyer RL, 1969. Finite element model for infinite media. J Engng Mech Div, ASCE. 95, 859-877.
10. Wolf JP, Song C, 1996. Finite-element modelling of unbounded media. England: Wiley.
11. White W, Valliappan S, Lee IK, 1977. Unified boundary for finite dynamic models. J Eng Mech ASCE. 103 (5), 949–964.
12. Takewaki I, 1998. Remarkable response amplification of building frames due to resonance with the surface ground. Soil Dyn Earthquake Engng, 17, 211-218.
13. Dogangun A, 2004. Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1, 2003 Bingoｨ l Earthquake in Turkey. Eng. Struct, 26, 841–856.
14. Sezen H, Whittaker AS, Elwood KJ, Mosalam KW, 2003. Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake, and the seismic design and construction practice in Turkey. Eng Struct, 25, 103–114.