Shale Gas Extraction And Treatment Of Shale Gas Wastewater

Abstract

Nowadays, shale gas is considered as a new source of energy and researches on shale gas extraction continue to increase all over the world. Shale gas extraction uses high volumes of pressurized water which are injected in the shale rock during the horizontal and vertical drilling. About 10% to 80% of the water injected into the rock forms returns back and emerges as wastewater. In order to minimize the volume of generated wastewater, a pre-treatment of shale gas wastewater is on a great importance making their reuse possible in extraction studies. On the other hand, shale gas wastewater contains the high amounts of total dissolved solids, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and organic matter and it must be treated before being discharged. In this review, shale gas extraction methods, the properties and treatment methods of the wastewater produced during extraction were examined. The treatability of shale gas wastewater by evaporation with the mechanical vapor compression, membrane distillation, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, advanced chemical treatment methods, and biological treatment methods have been investigated.

Keywords

• Shale gas extraction,shale gas wastewater,membrane processes,advanced treatment processes,biologic treatment

Kaya Gazı Ekstraksiyonu Ve Kaya Gazı Atıksuyunun Arıtımı

Abstract

Günümüzde kaya gazı yeni bir enerji kaynağı olarak ele alınmakta ve kaya gazı ekstraksiyonuna yönelik araştırmalar tüm dünyada hız kesmeden devam etmektedir. Düşey ve yatay sondajın birlikte kullanıldığı ekstraksiyon çalışmalarında kaya gazının açığa çıkarılabilmesi için kaya formlarına yüksek hacimlerde basınçlı su enjekte edilmektedir.  Kaya formlarına enjekte edilen suyun geri çekilmesi ile kullanılan suyun yaklaşık %10’u ila %80’i atıksu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Oluşacak atıksu hacmini minimize edebilmek için kaya gazı atıksuyunun ön arıtımı yapılarak ekstraksiyon çalışmalarında yeniden kullanımı son derece önemlidir.  Diğer yandan kaya gazı atıksuyu yüksek miktarlarda toplam çözünmüş katı madde, ağır metal, hidrokarbon ve organik madde içerir ve bu nedenle atıksuyun deşarj edilmeden önce arıtılması gerekmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında kaya gazı ekstraksiyonunda kullanılan yöntemler ve ekstraksiyon esnasında üretilen atıksuyun özellikleri ve arıtım metodları irdelenmiştir. Kaya gazı atıksuyunun mekanik buhar kompresyonu ile buharlaştırılması, membran distilasyonu, ters ozmos, ileri ozmos, ileri kimyasal arıtma yöntemleri ve biyolojik arıtma yöntemleri ile arıtılabilirliği araştırılmıştır.  

Keywords

• Kaya gazı ekstraksiyonu,kaya gazı atıksuyu,membran prosesler,ileri arıtma prosesleri,biyolojik arıtma

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