Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesinde Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma için Orman Atıklarının Gazlaştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesi'ndeki orman atıklarının enerji üretim potansiyeli farklı gazlaştırma teknolojileri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Gazlaştırma, enerji üretimi için atıktan enerji dönüşümünde kullanılan geleneksel teknolojilerinden biridir. Gazlaştırma işleminin son ürünü olan sentez gazı genellikle içten yanmalı motorlarda, türbinlerde ve kazanlarda yenilenebilir bir yakıt alternatifi olarak kullanılır. Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki orman artık stoğunun enerji potansiyeli, yukarı çekişli sabit yataklı gazlaştırma, aşağı çekişli sabit yataklı gazlaştırma ve dolaşımdaki akışkan yataklı gazlaştırma sistemleri için hesaplanmıştır. Bulunan teorik sonuçlar, alternatifler yakıtlar arasında ormansal atıkların aşağı çekişli gazlaştırıcı kullanılarak değerlendirildiğinde en yüksek enerji üretimi sağlanacağını (1125 GWh) göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar ışığında, orman atıklarının, Türkiye'de önemli bir yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılabilirliğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• gazlaştırma
• ormansal atık
• yenilenebilir enerji
• atık yönetimi
• Türkiye

Gasification of Forest Residues for Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the energy generation potential of forest residues in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey are determined by using different gasifier technologies. Gasification is one of the conventional waste to energy conversion technologies for energy production. Syngas, the end product of gasification process, is generally used in internal combustion engines, turbines and boilers as a renewable fuel. Energy potential of forest residues in Mediterranean Region of Turkey was estimated in up-draft fixed bed gasifier, down-draft fixed bed gasifier and circulating fluidized bed gasification systems. The theoretical results revealed that, among the alternatives, down-draft gasifier has shown the highest annual energy production potential of 1125 GWh. The results revealed that forest residues can be utilized as significant renewable energy source in Turkey.

Keywords

• gasification
• forest residues
• renewable energy
• waste management
• Turkey

References

1. Referans1 T.M.L. Winley, “The Paris warming targets: emissions requirements and sea level consequences”, Climatic Change, vol. 147, 31-45, 2018.
2. Referans2 M. Richter, “Utilities’ Business Models for Renewable Energy: A Review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 5, 2483-493, 2012.
3. Referans3 Z. Akyürek, A.Ö. Akyüz, A. Güngör, “Optimizing the Tilt Angle of Solar Panels to Reduce Carbon Footprint: Case for the West Mediterranean Region of Turkey”, International Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, 10-15, 2019.
4. Referans4 A. Hegazy, A.O. Ghallab, F.H. Ashour, “Integrated gasification combined cycle using Egyptian Maghara coal–rice straw feedstock”, Waste Management and Research, vol. 35, 656–68, 2017.
5. Referans5 A. Vakais, A. Sotiropoulos, K. Moustakas, D. Malamis, M. Baratieri, “Utilisation of biomass gasification by-products for onsite energy production”, Waste Management & Research, vol. 34, 564–71, 2017.
6. Referans6 G. Wielgosiński, P. Łechtańska, O. Namiecińska, O. “Emission of some pollutants from biomass combustion in comparison to hard coal combustion”, Journal of the Energy Institute, vol. 90, 787-96, 2017.
7. Referans7 Z. Akyürek, A.Ö. Akyüz, A. Güngör, “Energy potential from gasification of agricultural residues in Burdur, Turkey”, Techno-Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 15-19, 2019.
8. Referans8 Z. Akyürek, “Potential of biogas energy from animal waste in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey”, Journal of Energy Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, 159-167, 2018.

9. Referans9 O. Gohlke, “Efficiency of energy recovery from municipal solid waste and the resultant effect on the greenhouse gas balance”, Waste Management and Research, vol. 27, 894- 906, 2009.
10. Referans10 E.J. Lopes, , N. Queiroz, C.I.. Yamamoto, P.R.C. Neto, “Evaluating the emissions from the gasification processing of municipal solid waste followed by combustion”, Waste Management, vol. 73, 504-10, 2018.
11. Referans11 K.G. Burra, M.S. Hussein, R.S., Amano, A.K. Gupta, “Syngas evolutionary behavior during chicken manure pyrolysis and air gasification”, Applied Energy, vol. 181, 408-15, 2016.
12. Referans12 A. Gungor, M., Ozbayoglu, C. Kasnakoglu, A. Biyikoglu, B.Z. Uysal, “A parametric study on coal gasification for the production of syngas”, Chemical Papers, vol 66, 677-683, 2012.
13. Referans13 A. Gungor, U. Yildirim, “Two dimensional numerical computation of a circulating fluidized bed biomass gasifier”, Computers & Chemical Engineering, vol 48, 234-50, 2013.
14. Referans14 S.K., Sansaniwal, K. Pal, M.A.. Rosen, S.K. Tyagi, “Recent advances in the development of biomass gasification technology: A comprehensive review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 72, 363-84, 2017.
15. Referans15 M. La Villetta, M., Costa, N. Massarotti, “Modelling approaches to biomass gasification: A review with emphasis on the stoichiometric method”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol 74, 71-88, 2017.
16. Referans16 P. Basu, “Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis: Practical Design and Theory”, Elsevier Inc., Kidlington, Oxford, UK., 2013.
17. Referans17 D. Sutton, B. Kelleher, J.R.H. Ross, “Review of literature on catalysts for biomass gasification”, Fuel Process Technology, vol 73, 155–73, 2001.
18. Referans18 Y. Chhiti, M. Kemiha, “Thermal conversion of biomass, pyrolysis and gasification: a review”, International Journal of Engineering Science, vol 2, 75–85, 2013.
19. Referans19 N. Couto, A. Rouba, V. Silva, E. Monteiro, K. Bouziane, “Influence of the biomass gasification processes on the final composition of syngas”, Energy Procedia, vol 36, 596-606, 2013.
20. Referans20 N. Salami, Z. Skála, “Use of the Steam as Gasifying Agent in Fluidized Bed Gasifier”, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, vol. 29, 13-18, 2015.
21. Referans21 BEPA, Biomass Atlas of Turkey, 2019. http://bepa.yegm.gov.tr/ (Accessed 22.07.2020)
22. Referans22 Hanaoka, T., Seiichi, I.S., Ogi, T., Uno, S., Minowa, T. “Effect of woody biomass components on air-steam gasification”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 28, 69-76, 2005.
23. Referans 23 Y.D. Kim, C.W. Yang, B.J. Kim, K.S. Kim, J.W. Lee, J.H. Moon, W. Yang, T.U. Yu, U.D. Lee, “Air-blown gasification of woody biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier”, Applied Energy, vol. 112, 414-420, 2013.
24. Referans 24 S. Safarian, R. Unnthorsso, C. Richter, “Performance analysis of power generation by wood and woody biomass gasification in a downdraft gasifier”, International Journal of Applied Power Engineering, vol. 10(1), 80-88, 2021.
25. Referans 25 Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Forestry. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Ormanlarimiz/Illere-Gore-Orman-Varligi.aspx (Accessed 22.07.2020)
26. Referans26 S.K. Sansaniwala, M.A. Rosen, S.K. Tyagi, “Global challenges in the sustainable development of biomass gasification: An overview”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol 80, 23–43, 2017.