Shale Gas Extraction And Treatment Of Shale Gas Wastewater

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 106 - 114, 15.01.2019

Hanife Sarı Erkan , Nouha Bakaraki Turan Güleda Önkal Engin

https://doi.org/10.21541/apjes.411745

Abstract

Nowadays, shale gas is considered as a new source of
energy and researches on shale gas extraction continue to increase all over the
world. Shale gas extraction uses high volumes of pressurized water which are
injected in the shale rock during the horizontal and vertical drilling. About
10% to 80% of the water injected into the rock forms returns back and emerges
as wastewater. In order to minimize the volume of generated wastewater, a
pre-treatment of shale gas wastewater is on a great importance making their
reuse possible in extraction studies. On the other hand, shale gas wastewater contains
the high amounts of total dissolved solids, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and
organic matter and it must be treated before being discharged. In this review,
shale gas extraction methods, the properties and treatment methods of the
wastewater produced during extraction were examined. The treatability of shale
gas wastewater by evaporation with the mechanical vapor compression, membrane
distillation, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, advanced chemical treatment
methods, and biological treatment methods have been investigated.

Keywords

Shale gas extraction, shale gas wastewater, membrane processes, advanced treatment processes, biologic treatment

Kaya Gazı Ekstraksiyonu Ve Kaya Gazı Atıksuyunun Arıtımı

Abstract

Günümüzde kaya gazı yeni bir
enerji kaynağı olarak ele alınmakta ve kaya gazı ekstraksiyonuna yönelik
araştırmalar tüm dünyada hız kesmeden devam etmektedir. Düşey ve yatay sondajın
birlikte kullanıldığı ekstraksiyon çalışmalarında kaya gazının açığa
çıkarılabilmesi için kaya formlarına yüksek hacimlerde basınçlı su enjekte
edilmektedir.  Kaya formlarına enjekte
edilen suyun geri çekilmesi ile kullanılan suyun yaklaşık %10’u ila %80’i
atıksu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Oluşacak atıksu hacmini minimize edebilmek
için kaya gazı atıksuyunun ön arıtımı yapılarak ekstraksiyon çalışmalarında
yeniden kullanımı son derece önemlidir. 
Diğer yandan kaya gazı atıksuyu yüksek miktarlarda toplam çözünmüş katı
madde, ağır metal, hidrokarbon ve organik madde içerir ve bu nedenle atıksuyun
deşarj edilmeden önce arıtılması gerekmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında kaya
gazı ekstraksiyonunda kullanılan yöntemler ve ekstraksiyon esnasında üretilen
atıksuyun özellikleri ve arıtım metodları irdelenmiştir. Kaya gazı atıksuyunun
mekanik buhar kompresyonu ile buharlaştırılması, membran distilasyonu, ters ozmos,
ileri ozmos, ileri kimyasal arıtma yöntemleri ve biyolojik arıtma yöntemleri
ile arıtılabilirliği araştırılmıştır.  

Keywords

Kaya gazı ekstraksiyonu, kaya gazı atıksuyu, membran prosesler, ileri arıtma prosesleri, biyolojik arıtma

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