Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Nefret Söylemlerinin Savaş Dönemi Propaganda Afişlerindeki Görselleştirmesi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 4, 30 - 37, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/Arttime.2023.1255441

Öz

Propaganda afişleri, I. ve II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında ulusal gurur ve dayanışmanın korunmasında son derece etkili olurken, aynı zamanda savaş zamanı uygulamaları için kültürel normlar oluşturmuştur. Bu makale, Birinci ve İkinci Dünya Savaşları sırasında propaganda afişlerinin görsel etkisini, ırkçı unsurlar içeren afişlere odaklanarak incelemektedir. Tasarım unsurları ve ilkeleri, izleyiciye bir mesajın iletilmesini desteklemek için kullanılan renk, tipografi, kompozisyon, hiyerarşi gibi grafik tasarımın temel bileşenleridir. Makale, bu afişlerin görsel ve metinsel bileşenlerini analiz ederek, toplumun düşman algısını şekillendirmede ve yabancı düşmanı tutumları körüklemede önemli bir etkiye sahip olduklarını savunmaktadır. Afişler, izleyicilerden güçlü tepkiler almak için duygu yüklü dil ve imgeler kullanarak hükümetlerin mesajlarını kitlelere iletmeleri için güçlü bir araç görevi görmüştür. Araştırma aynı zamanda bu posterlerin zararlı stereotipleri sürdürme ve tüm insan gruplarının insanlıktan çıkarılmasına katkıda bulunma biçimlerini de vurgulamaktadır. Bu posterlerin yaratıldığı ve yayıldığı tarihsel ve kültürel bağlamları inceleyen makale, görsel propagandanın gücü ve toplumsal tutum ve inançlar üzerindeki kalıcı etkisi konusunda dikkatli olunması gerektiğinin altını çiziyor. Araştırma sürecinde birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan yararlanılmış, tarihsel yöntem ve metin analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2009). Basics design 08: Design thinking. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2012). Tipografinin temelleri. Literatür Yayınları.
  • Arntson, A. E. (2011). Graphic design basics. Cengage Learning.
  • Banta, M. (1987). Imaging American women. In Imaging American women. Columbia University Press.
  • Becer, E. (2015). İletişim ve grafik tasarım. Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Bektaş, D. (1992). Çağdaş grafik tasarımın gelişimi. Yapı Kredi Yayıncılık.
  • Imperial War Museums (n.d.). Retrieved from https ://ww w.iwm .org. uk/co llect ions/ item/ objec t/167 86/. Date of access 28.12.2022.
  • WWII propaganda: The influence of racism (n.d.). Artifacts [Journal].
  • Retrieved from https ://ar tifac tsjou rnal. misso uri.e du/20 12/03 /wwii -prop agand a-the -infl uence -of-r acism /. Date of access 05.01.2023.
  • Eken, B. (2018). Teknoloji ile Birlikte Dönüşen Afişin İncelenmesi Ve Kamusal Ekranlarda Etkileşimli Afiş Uygulamaları (Yayımlanmamış Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Ertan, G., & Sansarcı, E. (2017). Görsel sanatlarda anlam ve algı. Alternatif Yayıncılık.
  • US propaganda Japanese Enemy (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved from https ://co mmons .wiki media .org/ wiki/ File:US_p ropag anda_ Japan ese_e nemy/ . Date of access 05.01.2023.
  • Fuse (n.d.). Victoria State government. Retrieved from https ://fu se.ed ucati on.vi c.gov .au/R esour ce/La nding Page? Objec tId=8 7f28d b0-fc 6e-41 ba-81 4c-8c f8eef 48b0e . Date of access: 08.01.2023.
  • Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved from https ://ar tsand cultu re.go ogle. com/ a sset/ an-an tisem itic- poste r-ent itled -behi nd-th e-ene my-po wersthe- j ew-br uno-h anich /-AHo uFMhT tW_Vw /. Date of access 28.12.2022.
  • Heller, S. (2015). The education of a graphic designer. Simon and Schuster.
  • Heller, S., & Chwast, S. (1988). Graphic Style: From Victorian to post-modern. Abrams.
  • Herf, J. (2008). The Jewish enemy: Nazi propaganda during World War II and the holocaust. Harvard University Press.
  • Hopps, H. “Destroy This Mad Brute - Enlist - US Army,” exhibits: The Sheridan libraries and museums. Retrieved from https ://ex hibit s.lib rary. jhu.e du/it ems/s how/4 06. Date of access 28.12.2022.
  • Ingrey, K. (2013). Careless talk costs lives: Beth Derbyshire’s public art in the London underground. Public Art Dialogue, 3(1), 40–55. [CrossRef]
  • Knutson, A. C. (1997). Breasts, brawn and selling a war: American World War I propaganda posters, 1917–1918. University of Pittsburgh.
  • Limited, A. (n.d.). German anti-Semitic poster. Der ist Schuld am Kriege!’ translates to ‘The debt is at war’. 1943 world war 2 poster depicts a stock photo - Alamy. Get creative with stock photos and videos from Alamy. Retrieved from https ://ww w.ala my.co m/ger man-a nti-s emiti c-pos ter-d er-is t-sch uld-a m-kri ege!-tra nslat es-to -imag e6973 8924. html/ . Date of Access: 28.12.2022.
  • Mahaney (2002). World War II homefront. OAH Magazine of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 16(3), 41–46.
  • Miles, H. (2012). WWII propaganda: The influence of racism. Artifact.
  • Opara, E., & Cantwell, J. (2013). Color Works-Best PracticesforGraphic designer. Rockport Publishers.
  • Price, S. (2018). 3B3: WWI propaganda poster fluidity. Proceedings of the armıstıce & aftermath: a michigan tech. symposium on WWI (pp. 28–29).
  • Samara, T. (2007). Design elements: A graphic style manual. Rockport publishers. Theoretical, methodological, and ethical discussion. Design Issues, 17(1), 5–17.
  • Sontag, S. (1970) [Posters]. Advertisement, art, political artifact, commodity. Art of Revolution, 96.
  • Tchakarian, A. (2018). French resistance fighter dies aged 101. BBC NEWS. Retrieved from https ://ww w.bbc .com/ news/ world -euro pe-45 08186 8/. Date of access 15.11.2022.
  • TDK. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. Propaganda. Retrieved from https:// sozluk.gov.tr/. Date of access 22.01.2023.
  • Weitz, M. C. (2000). Art in the service of propaganda: The poster war in France during World War II. Religion and the Arts, 4(1), 43–75. [CrossRef]
  • Yam (2017). Huffington post. These anti-Japanese signs from World War II are A warning against bigotry today. Retrieved from https ://ww w.huf fpost .com/ entry /pear l-har bor-j apane se-am erica ns_n_ 5a283 fb8e4 b02d3 bfc37 b9f6. Date of access 11.01.2023.

THE VISUALIZATION OF HATE SPEECHES IN WARTIME PROPAGANDA POSTERS

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 4, 30 - 37, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/Arttime.2023.1255441

Öz

Propaganda posters were extremely influential in maintaining national pride and solidarity during World War I and II while also establishing cultural norms for wartime practices. This article explores the visual impact of propaganda posters during World War I and World War II, with a focus on those that included racist elements. Design elements and principles are key components of graphic design that are used to support conveying a message to the viewer, such as; colour, typography, composition, hierarchy. By analysing the visual and textual components of these posters, the article argues that they had a significant impact on shaping society's perception of the enemy and fuelling xenophobic attitudes. The posters served as a powerful tool for governments to convey their messages to the masses, using emotionally charged language and images to elicit strong reactions from viewers. The research also highlights the ways in which these posters perpetuated harmful stereotypes and contributed to the dehumanization of entire groups of people. By examining the historical and cultural contexts in which these posters were created and disseminated, the article underscores the need to be mindful of the power of visual propaganda and its lasting impact on social attitudes and beliefs. In the research process, primary and secondary sources were utilized and historical method and text analysis method were used.

Kaynakça

  • Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2009). Basics design 08: Design thinking. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Ambrose, G., & Harris, P. (2012). Tipografinin temelleri. Literatür Yayınları.
  • Arntson, A. E. (2011). Graphic design basics. Cengage Learning.
  • Banta, M. (1987). Imaging American women. In Imaging American women. Columbia University Press.
  • Becer, E. (2015). İletişim ve grafik tasarım. Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Bektaş, D. (1992). Çağdaş grafik tasarımın gelişimi. Yapı Kredi Yayıncılık.
  • Imperial War Museums (n.d.). Retrieved from https ://ww w.iwm .org. uk/co llect ions/ item/ objec t/167 86/. Date of access 28.12.2022.
  • WWII propaganda: The influence of racism (n.d.). Artifacts [Journal].
  • Retrieved from https ://ar tifac tsjou rnal. misso uri.e du/20 12/03 /wwii -prop agand a-the -infl uence -of-r acism /. Date of access 05.01.2023.
  • Eken, B. (2018). Teknoloji ile Birlikte Dönüşen Afişin İncelenmesi Ve Kamusal Ekranlarda Etkileşimli Afiş Uygulamaları (Yayımlanmamış Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Ertan, G., & Sansarcı, E. (2017). Görsel sanatlarda anlam ve algı. Alternatif Yayıncılık.
  • US propaganda Japanese Enemy (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved from https ://co mmons .wiki media .org/ wiki/ File:US_p ropag anda_ Japan ese_e nemy/ . Date of access 05.01.2023.
  • Fuse (n.d.). Victoria State government. Retrieved from https ://fu se.ed ucati on.vi c.gov .au/R esour ce/La nding Page? Objec tId=8 7f28d b0-fc 6e-41 ba-81 4c-8c f8eef 48b0e . Date of access: 08.01.2023.
  • Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved from https ://ar tsand cultu re.go ogle. com/ a sset/ an-an tisem itic- poste r-ent itled -behi nd-th e-ene my-po wersthe- j ew-br uno-h anich /-AHo uFMhT tW_Vw /. Date of access 28.12.2022.
  • Heller, S. (2015). The education of a graphic designer. Simon and Schuster.
  • Heller, S., & Chwast, S. (1988). Graphic Style: From Victorian to post-modern. Abrams.
  • Herf, J. (2008). The Jewish enemy: Nazi propaganda during World War II and the holocaust. Harvard University Press.
  • Hopps, H. “Destroy This Mad Brute - Enlist - US Army,” exhibits: The Sheridan libraries and museums. Retrieved from https ://ex hibit s.lib rary. jhu.e du/it ems/s how/4 06. Date of access 28.12.2022.
  • Ingrey, K. (2013). Careless talk costs lives: Beth Derbyshire’s public art in the London underground. Public Art Dialogue, 3(1), 40–55. [CrossRef]
  • Knutson, A. C. (1997). Breasts, brawn and selling a war: American World War I propaganda posters, 1917–1918. University of Pittsburgh.
  • Limited, A. (n.d.). German anti-Semitic poster. Der ist Schuld am Kriege!’ translates to ‘The debt is at war’. 1943 world war 2 poster depicts a stock photo - Alamy. Get creative with stock photos and videos from Alamy. Retrieved from https ://ww w.ala my.co m/ger man-a nti-s emiti c-pos ter-d er-is t-sch uld-a m-kri ege!-tra nslat es-to -imag e6973 8924. html/ . Date of Access: 28.12.2022.
  • Mahaney (2002). World War II homefront. OAH Magazine of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 16(3), 41–46.
  • Miles, H. (2012). WWII propaganda: The influence of racism. Artifact.
  • Opara, E., & Cantwell, J. (2013). Color Works-Best PracticesforGraphic designer. Rockport Publishers.
  • Price, S. (2018). 3B3: WWI propaganda poster fluidity. Proceedings of the armıstıce & aftermath: a michigan tech. symposium on WWI (pp. 28–29).
  • Samara, T. (2007). Design elements: A graphic style manual. Rockport publishers. Theoretical, methodological, and ethical discussion. Design Issues, 17(1), 5–17.
  • Sontag, S. (1970) [Posters]. Advertisement, art, political artifact, commodity. Art of Revolution, 96.
  • Tchakarian, A. (2018). French resistance fighter dies aged 101. BBC NEWS. Retrieved from https ://ww w.bbc .com/ news/ world -euro pe-45 08186 8/. Date of access 15.11.2022.
  • TDK. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. Propaganda. Retrieved from https:// sozluk.gov.tr/. Date of access 22.01.2023.
  • Weitz, M. C. (2000). Art in the service of propaganda: The poster war in France during World War II. Religion and the Arts, 4(1), 43–75. [CrossRef]
  • Yam (2017). Huffington post. These anti-Japanese signs from World War II are A warning against bigotry today. Retrieved from https ://ww w.huf fpost .com/ entry /pear l-har bor-j apane se-am erica ns_n_ 5a283 fb8e4 b02d3 bfc37 b9f6. Date of access 11.01.2023.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Görsel Sanatlar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Begüm Eken 0000-0002-1870-6672

Deniz Yeşim Taluğ

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Eken, B., & Taluğ, D. Y. (2023). THE VISUALIZATION OF HATE SPEECHES IN WARTIME PROPAGANDA POSTERS. Art Time(4), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.5152/Arttime.2023.1255441