Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının Erzurum İli Üzerindeki Yansıması

Abstract

Dijital teknolojinin dünyamızı sarıp sarmaladığı bir süreçte bağımlılık düzeyine varan, özellikle de gençler arasında hızla yayılan sosyal medya bağımlılığı bu araştırmanın temel konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Erzurum’un en fazla nüfuslu üç merkez ilçesinde (Yakutiye, Palandöken, Aziziye) ikamet eden ve en az bir sosyal medya platformunda hesabı olan örneklem grubumuzun sosyal medya bağımlılık seviyesinin hangi düzeyde olduğu incelenmiştir. Araştırmamızın kuramsal temelini, Young tarafından geliştirilen İnternete dayalı bağımlılık ölçeği (1996) ve Bergen Facebook Bağımlılık Ölçeği (2012) baz alınarak düzenlenen anket metodolojisi oluşturmaktadır. Genel tarama modeline göre yürütülen araştırmamızda 4 alt boyuttan (Yoksunluk, İşlevsellikte Bozulma, Kontrol Güçlüğü ve Sosyal İzolasyon) yola çıkılarak konumuzla bağlantılı 30 soru belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarında dikkat çekici gözlem ve değerlendirilmelere yer verilmiştir. Eğitim durumuna göre yapılan karşılaştırmalarda, ilkokul ve ortaokul mezunlarının sosyal medya bağımlılığının, diğer eğitim kategorisindekilere oranla daha fazla olduğu anlaşılırken, medeni durumu bekar olanların evli ve boşanmış gruba oranla, sosyal medya bağımlılık oranının daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Sosyal Medya
• Bağımlılık
• İnternet

The Reflection of Social Media Addiction on Erzurum Province

Abstract

Social media addiction, which reaches the level of addiction in a process where digital technology embraces our world, and is spreading rapidly, especially among young people, constitutes the main subject of this study. In the study, the social media addiction level of our sample group, who lives in three most populated central districts of Erzurum (Yakutiye, Palandöken, Aziziye) and has an account on at least one social media platform, was examined. The theoretical basis of our research is the survey methodology based on the Internet-based addiction scale (1996) developed by Young and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (2012). In our study conducted according to the general screening model, 30 questions related to our topic were determined based on 4 sub-dimensions (Deprivation, Deterioration in Functioning, Control Difficulty and Social Isolation). Remarkable observations and evaluations were included in the results of the study. In the comparisons made according to education status, it was observed that social media addiction of primary and secondary school graduates was higher than those in other education categories, while it was observed that social media addiction rates of single marital status were higher than married and divorced groups.

Keywords

• Social Media
• Addiction
• Internet
• Digitalization
• New Media

References

1. Al-Menayes, J. (2014). “The relationship between mobile media usage and academic performance in university students”. New Media and Mass Communication, 25, 2224-3267.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association. (2017). What Is Addiction?
3. Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S. & Pallesen, S. (2012). “Development of a facebook addiction scale”. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501-517,
4. Bányai, F., Zsila, Á., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Andreassen, C. S. & Demetrovics. Z. (2017). “Problematic Social Media Use: Results from a Large-Scale Nationally Representative Adolescent Sample”. PLOS ONE, 12 (1).
5. Bettinardi-Angres, K. & Angres, D.H. (2010). “Understanding the disease of addiction”. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 1(2), 31–37,
6. Bianchi, A. & Phillips, J. G. (2005). “Psychological Predictors of Problem Mobile Phone Use”. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 39-51.
7. Cavaglion, G. (2009). “Cyber-porn dependence: Voices of distress in an Italian Internet self-help community”. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7(2), 295-310.
8. Çam, E. & İşbulan, O. (2011). “A new addiction for teacher candidates: Social networks”. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11 (3), 14-19.

9. Davis, C. & Carter, J. C. (2009). “Compulsive overeating as an addiction disorder”. A review of theory and evidence, 53 (1), 1-8,
10. Egger, O. & Rauterberg, M. (1996). Internet Behaviour and Addiction. Work & Organisational Psychology Unit (IfAP), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurih.
11. Fidan, H. (2016). “Development and Validation of the Mobile Addiction Scale: The Components Model Approach”. The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3(3), 452–469.
12. Griffiths, M. D. & Hunt, N. (1998). “Dependence on computer games by adolescents”. Psychological Reports, 82, 475-480,
13. Griffiths, M. D. (2005). “A “Components” Model of Addiction Within a Biopsychosocial Framework”. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
14. Griffiths, M. D. (2012). “Internet sex addiction: A review of empirical research”. Addiction Research & Theory, 20(2), 111-124.
15. Griffiths, M. D., Binder, J. F. & Kuss, D. J. (2013). “Internet Addiction İn Students: Prevalence And Risk Factors”. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959-966.
16. Griffiths, M.D. (1995). “Technological addictions”. Clinical Psychology Forum, 76, 14-19.
17. Johnson, M. (2014). Personalıty And Executıve Functıonıng As Explanatory Varıables In Medıa Technology Use And Responsıveness To Medıa Technology, A thesis submitted to the College of Life and Environmental Sciences. The University of Birmingham for the degree.
18. Kaur, J., Agarwal, N. & Bhatia, M. S. (2009). “Exercise Addiction”. Delhi Psychiatry Journal, 12(1), 107–109.
19. Kırık, A. M., Arslan, A., Çetinkaya, A. & Gül, M. (2015). “A Quantitative Research on the Level of Social Media Addiction among Young People in Turkey”. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3(3), 108-122.
20. Lee, Z. W., Cheung, C.M. & Thadani, D.R. (2012). An Investigation into the Problematic Use of Facebook. In System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference, 1768–1776.
21. Malik, S. & Khan, M. (2015). “Impact of facebook addiction on narcissistic behavior and self-esteem among students”. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 65(3), 260–263.
22. McIlwraith, R., Jacobvitz, R. S., Kubey, R., & Alexander, A. (1991). “Television Addiction: Theories and Data Behind the Ubiquitous Metaphor”. American Behavioral Scientist, 35(2), 104-121.
23. Naughton, J. (1999). A Brief History of the Future: The Origins of the Internet. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson
24. O’Guinn, T.C. & Faber, R. J. (1989). “Compulsive Buying: A Phenomenological Exploration”. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 147-157,
25. Saaid, S. A., Al-Rashid, N. A. A. & Abdullah, Z. (2014). “The impact of addiction to twitter among university students”. Future Information Technology, New York: Springer, 231-236. Şahin, C. (2018). “Social Media Addiction Scale - Student Form: The Reliability and Validity Study”. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 17(1), 169-182.
26. Şahin, I. (2008). “From the Social-Cognitive Career Theory Perspective: A College of Education Faculty Model for Explaining their Intention to Use Educational Technology”. Journal of Educational Computing Research (JECR), 38(1), 51-66.
27. Tezcanlı K. B., Altıntoprak A. E., Kayahan, B., Aktan, C., Coşkunol, H. & Kosova, B. (2013). “Investigating the Effect of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Polymorphism Upon Alcoholism Tendency İn Turkish Alcohol Dependents”. Anadolu Psıkıyatrı Dergısı-Anatolıan Journal of Psychıatry, 14, 1-9.
28. Turel, O. & Serenko, A. (2012). “The Benefits And Dangers Of Enjoyment With Social Networking Websites”. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(5), 512–528.
29. Tüzer, V. (2011). “İnternet, Siberseks ve Sadakatsizlik”. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 100-116.
30. van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S. & Valkenurg, P.M. (2016). “The social media disorder scale”. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478-487.
31. Walker, M. B. (1998). “Some problems with the concept of "gambling addiction": should theories of addiction be generalized to include excessive gambling?”. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 5, 179-200,
32. Wegmann, E., Stodt, B. & Brand, M. (2015). “Addictive Use of Social Networking Sites Can Be Explained By The İnteraction of İnternet Use Expectancies, İnternet Literacy, and Psychopathological Symptoms”. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(3), 155-162.
33. Widyanto, L. & Griffiths, M.D. (2006). “Internet addiction: A critical review”. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4, 31-51,
34. Xu, H., Tan, B.C.Y. (2012). Why do I keep checking facebook: Effects of message characteristics on the formation of social network services addiction. Thirty Third International Conference on Information Systems,1-12, Orlando.
35. Young A.W., Calder, A. J., Keane, J., Manes, F. & Antoun, N. (2000). “Impaired recognition and experience of disgust following brain injury”. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 1077–1078.
36. Young KS, Yue XD, Ying L. (2011). Internet Addiction: A Handbook And Guide To Evaluation And Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, 3-18.
37. Young, K. (2007). “Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Internet Addicts: Treatment Outcomes and Implications”. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 671-679.
38. Young, K. S. (1998a). “Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder”. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244,
39. Young, K. S. (2004). “Internet Addiction: A New Clinical Phenomenon and Its Consequences”. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402-415.