Eylem Araştırması Aracılığıyla Grup Süpervizyonu Aşamalarını Belirginleştirmek

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, klinik süpervizyon alanında yürütülen grup süpervizyonu sürecinin aşamalarını belirginleştirmektir. Araştırmada eylem araştırması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Buna göre araştırmada odak alanı belirleme, verileri toplama, verileri analiz etme ve yorumlama ile eylem planı oluşturma döngüsü takip edilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinin Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Programında öğrenim gören dört yüksek lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veriler; gözlemlerden, görüşmelerden, geçerlik komitesi toplantı tutanaklarından, araştırmacı ve katılımcı günlüklerinden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, Ayrıştırıcı Süpervizyon Modeli’nin Katılımlı Grup Süpervizyonu formatında takip edildiği 14 oturumluk grup süpervizyonu sürecinin başlangıç, geçiş, çalışma ve sonlandırma olmak üzere dört aşamadan oluştuğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular, başlangıç aşaması olan ilk aşamada gruba aidiyet ve güven sorunu yaşama, yetersizlik, belirsizlik ve kaygı temelli dinamikler olduğunu açığa çıkarmıştır. Araştırma bulguları grup süpervizyonu sürecinin ikinci aşamasının geçiş aşaması olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular geçiş aşamasını belirleyen grup dinamiklerinin memnuniyetsizlik, çatışma, gruplaşma, rekabet ve direnç temelli dinamikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Grup süpervizyonu sürecinin üçüncü aşamasının çalışma aşamasını kapsadığını ortaya koyan bulgular, bu aşamadaki dinamiklerin ise gruba aidiyet ve güven duymak, gelişime odaklanmak, akran desteği almaya ve vermeye yönelmek temelli olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular, grup süpervizyonu sürecinin son aşamasının sonlandırma aşaması olduğunu, bu aşamayı belirleyen grup dinamiklerinin ise rahatlama ve hüzün gibi ikili duygular yaşama, öz değerlendirmede bulunma, bireyleşme ve süpervizöre bağımlılık temelinde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma sonuçları süreçte ortaya çıkan dinamiklerle baş etmede süpervizörün öğretmen, psikolojik danışman, müşavir rolleri sergilemesinin ve akran katılımını sağlamanın işlevsel olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları grup süpervizyonu sürecinin aşamalarının eylem araştırması yöntemine dayalı olarak belirginleştirilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

• klinik süpervizyon
• sistematik süpervizyon süreci
• ayrıştırıcı süpervizyon modeli
• katılımlı grup süpervizyonu
• grup süpervizyonu
• grup süpervizyonu aşamaları
• grup süpervizyonu dinamikleri
• eylem araştırması

Clarifying the Stages of Group Supervision through Action Research

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify the stages of group supervision carried out in the field of clinical supervision. We used the action research design in the study. Accordingly, we followed a cycle of defining the focus area, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting the data, and developing an action plan. The participants consisted of four graduate supervisees studying in a state university's Counseling and Guidance Program in Turkey. We obtained the data from observations, interviews, validation committee meetings reports, and the researcher's and participants' journals. The study results revealed that the 14-session group supervision, in which the Discrimination Model was followed in the Participative Group Supervision format, consisted of four stages: beginning, transition, working, and termination. The results revealed that there were dynamics based on the problem of belonging to and trusting in the group, incompetence, uncertainty, and anxiety in the first stage, which was the beginning stage. The study showed that the second stage of the group supervision process was the transition stage and that the group dynamics that defined this stage were the dynamics based on dissatisfaction, conflict, grouping, competition, and resistance. The results, which revealed that the third stage of the group supervision process involved the working stage, showed that the dynamics at this stage were based on having a sense of belonging to and trust in the group, focusing on development, and tending to receive and provide peer support. The results revealed that the final stage of the group supervision process was the termination stage and that the group dynamics that defined this stage were based on having dual feelings such as relaxation and sadness, self-evaluation, individualization, and dependence on the supervisor. The study results revealed that the supervisor exhibiting the roles of teacher, counselor, and consultant and ensuring peer participation could be functional in coping with the dynamics that emerged in the process. Furthermore, the study results showed that the stages of the group supervision process could be clarified based on the action research method.

Keywords

• Clinical supervision
• systematic supervision process
• discrimination model
• participative group supervision
• group supervision
• group supervision stages
• group supervision dynamics
• action research

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