Case Report
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An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 4, 390 - 395, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1731084

Abstract

Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy (FB) continues to be widely used in the evaluation of airway and lung pathologies. Anesthetic management of flexible bronchoscopy is more complicated in neonates and infants than in adults. In this case, we aim to present an alternative method to facilitate the difficult bronchoscopy procedure in an infant. A 35-day-old infant with persistent atelectasis underwent a flexible bronchoscopy procedure for diagnosis and treatment. A three-way tap was used as an adapter between the airway and the suction cannula to prevent the rapid development of desaturation during the second bronchoscopy, after the first bronchoscopy procedure was interrupted due to the patient developing hypoxemia. The open direction of the three-way tap was switched to the direction of the aspiration cannula when aspiration was needed and ventilation was continued at all other times, reducing the time loss due to equipment change. The most common complication of bronchoscopy is hypoxemia, and patients under two years of age are particularly prone to hypoxemia. This is physiologically due to limited oxygen reserves and high oxygen consumption. Therefore, hypoxemia during pediatric bronchoscopy is a difficult complication to manage even for the most experienced anesthesiologist. An organized teamwork is important in the prevention of complications due to the selection of appropriate equipment and shared use of the airway. With this three-way tap, the time to desaturation in pediatric patients can be prolonged and time can be saved for successful completion of the bronchoscopy procedure. It is an alternative method in centers with limited equipment.

Ethical Statement

Case report

Supporting Institution

None

Thanks

none

References

  • Schramm D, Freitag N, Nicolai T, et al. Pediatric Airway Endoscopy: Recommendations of the Society for Pediatric Pneumology. Respir Int Rev Thorac Dis. 2021;100(11):1128-1145.
  • Özaslan MM, Kartal Öztürk G, Barlik M, et al. Experience of flexible bronchoscopy in the pediatric pulmonary diseases clinic. Tuberk ve Toraks. 2024;72(1):82-90.
  • Goudra B, Sundararaman L, Chandar P, Green M. Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy-An Update. J Clin Med. 2024;13(21):6471.
  • Yavuz S, Sherif A, Saif S, et al. Indications, Efficacy, and Complications of Pediatric Bronchoscopy: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Center. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e40888.
  • Hamouda S, Oueslati A, Belhadj I, Khalsi F, Tinsa F, Boussetta K. Flexible bronchoscopy contribution in the approach of diagnosis and treatment of children’s respiratory diseases: the experience of a unique pediatric unit in Tunisia. Afr Health Sci. 2016;16(1):51-60.
  • Carlens J, Fuge J, Price T, et al. Complications and risk factors in pediatric bronchoscopy in a tertiary pediatric respiratory center. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2018;53(5):619-627.
  • Ferraro VA, Baraldi E, Stabinger D, Zamunaro A, Zanconato S, Carraro S. Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy: A single-center report. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021;56(8):2634-2641.
  • Faro A, Wood RE, Schechter MS, et al. Official American Thoracic Society technical standards: flexible airway endoscopy in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(9):1066-1080.
  • Goussard P, Retief F, Burke J, Malherbe A, Janson J. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2021;8:20499361211037168.
  • Ke L qin, Shi M jie, Zhang F zhou, Wu H jun, Wu L, Tang L fang. The clinical application of flexible bronchoscopy in a neonatal intensive care unit. Front Pediatr. 2022;10.
  • Londino AV, Jagannathan N. Anesthesia in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pediatric Bronchoscopy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2019;52(6):1037-1048.
  • Singh S, Trivedi S, Chawla V, Bhardwaj A. Novel use of flexible video ureteroscope in airway management: A case series. Indian J Anaesth. 2022;66(7):530.

Pediatrik Fleksible Bronkoskopi İşleminde Hipoksemiye Yönelik Alternatif Bir Çözüm Yöntemi

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 4, 390 - 395, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1731084

Abstract

Pediatrik fleksible bronkoskopi (FB) havayolu ve akciğer patolojilerinin değerlendirilmesinde günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Yenidoğan ve infantlarda erişkinlere göre fleksible bronkoskopi işleminin anestezi yönetimi daha komplikedir. Biz de bu vakada bir infantta zorlu bronkoskopi işlemini kolaylaştıracak alternatif bir yöntem sunmayı amaçlıyoruz. 35 günlük persistan atelektazisi olan bir infant hastada tanı ve tedavi için fleksible bronkoskopi işlemi uygulanmıştır. İlk yapılan bronkoskopi işleminin hastada hipoksemi gelişmesi sebebiyle yarıda kalması sonucunda ikinci kez yapılan bronkoskopide desatürasyonun hızla gelişmesini önlemeye yönelik olarak, üç yollu bir musluk, hava yolu ve aspirasyon kanülü arasında bir adaptör olarak kullanılmıştır. Üç yollu musluğun açık yönü aspirasyon ihtiyacı olduğunda aspirasyon kanülü yönüne çevrilerek diğer tüm zamanlarda ventilasyon devam ettirilerek ekipman değişimiyle oluşacak zaman kayıpları azaltılmış oldu. Bronkoskopi işleminin en sık gelişen komplikasyonu hipoksemidir ve özellikle iki yaş altı hastalar hipoksemiye daha yatkındır. Bu fizyolojik olarak oksijen rezervlerinin sınırlı, oksijen tüketimlerinin fazla olmasına bağlıdır. Bu nedenle pediatrik bronkoskopi esnasında gelişen hipoksemi en deneyimli anestezistler için bile yönetmesi zor bir komplikasyondur. Komplikasyonların önlenmesinde uygun ekipmanın seçimi ve hava yolunun ortak kullanımı nedeniyle organize bir ekip çalışması önemlidir. Üç yollu muslukla oluşturduğumuz bu yöntemle pediyatrik hasta grubunda desatürasyon gelişme süresi uzatılabilir ve bronkoskopi işlemi başarılı bir şekilde tamamlanması için zaman kazanılmış olur. Sınırlı ekipmanın olduğu merkezlerde alternatif bir yöntemdir.

Ethical Statement

vaka raporu

Supporting Institution

yok

Thanks

yok

References

  • Schramm D, Freitag N, Nicolai T, et al. Pediatric Airway Endoscopy: Recommendations of the Society for Pediatric Pneumology. Respir Int Rev Thorac Dis. 2021;100(11):1128-1145.
  • Özaslan MM, Kartal Öztürk G, Barlik M, et al. Experience of flexible bronchoscopy in the pediatric pulmonary diseases clinic. Tuberk ve Toraks. 2024;72(1):82-90.
  • Goudra B, Sundararaman L, Chandar P, Green M. Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy-An Update. J Clin Med. 2024;13(21):6471.
  • Yavuz S, Sherif A, Saif S, et al. Indications, Efficacy, and Complications of Pediatric Bronchoscopy: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Center. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e40888.
  • Hamouda S, Oueslati A, Belhadj I, Khalsi F, Tinsa F, Boussetta K. Flexible bronchoscopy contribution in the approach of diagnosis and treatment of children’s respiratory diseases: the experience of a unique pediatric unit in Tunisia. Afr Health Sci. 2016;16(1):51-60.
  • Carlens J, Fuge J, Price T, et al. Complications and risk factors in pediatric bronchoscopy in a tertiary pediatric respiratory center. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2018;53(5):619-627.
  • Ferraro VA, Baraldi E, Stabinger D, Zamunaro A, Zanconato S, Carraro S. Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy: A single-center report. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021;56(8):2634-2641.
  • Faro A, Wood RE, Schechter MS, et al. Official American Thoracic Society technical standards: flexible airway endoscopy in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(9):1066-1080.
  • Goussard P, Retief F, Burke J, Malherbe A, Janson J. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and management of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2021;8:20499361211037168.
  • Ke L qin, Shi M jie, Zhang F zhou, Wu H jun, Wu L, Tang L fang. The clinical application of flexible bronchoscopy in a neonatal intensive care unit. Front Pediatr. 2022;10.
  • Londino AV, Jagannathan N. Anesthesia in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pediatric Bronchoscopy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2019;52(6):1037-1048.
  • Singh S, Trivedi S, Chawla V, Bhardwaj A. Novel use of flexible video ureteroscope in airway management: A case series. Indian J Anaesth. 2022;66(7):530.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pediatric Surgery, Anaesthesiology, Health Management
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Oya Olcay Özdeş 0000-0002-5436-3654

Ömer Faruk Bilin 0009-0001-1863-9342

Aytaç Altaş 0009-0004-9360-9524

Zekine Begeç 0000-0002-9506-1871

Submission Date June 30, 2025
Acceptance Date December 15, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 78 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özdeş, O. O., Bilin, Ö. F., Altaş, A., Begeç, Z. (2025). An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 78(4), 390-395. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1731084
AMA Özdeş OO, Bilin ÖF, Altaş A, Begeç Z. An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. December 2025;78(4):390-395. doi:10.65092/autfm.1731084
Chicago Özdeş, Oya Olcay, Ömer Faruk Bilin, Aytaç Altaş, and Zekine Begeç. “An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78, no. 4 (December 2025): 390-95. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1731084.
EndNote Özdeş OO, Bilin ÖF, Altaş A, Begeç Z (December 1, 2025) An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78 4 390–395.
IEEE O. O. Özdeş, Ö. F. Bilin, A. Altaş, and Z. Begeç, “An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 390–395, 2025, doi: 10.65092/autfm.1731084.
ISNAD Özdeş, Oya Olcay et al. “An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78/4 (December2025), 390-395. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1731084.
JAMA Özdeş OO, Bilin ÖF, Altaş A, Begeç Z. An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78:390–395.
MLA Özdeş, Oya Olcay et al. “An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 4, 2025, pp. 390-5, doi:10.65092/autfm.1731084.
Vancouver Özdeş OO, Bilin ÖF, Altaş A, Begeç Z. An Alternative Method for Hypoxemia in Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy Procedure. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78(4):390-5.