Rusya'nın Tataristan Cumhuriyeti'nde bal arılarında nosemosis yaygınlığını etkileyen arıcılık uygulamasıyla ilgili faktörler

Abstract

Tarımda tozlaşma hizmetlerinin sağlanması ve bal arısı popülasyonlarının korunması için etkili yönetim stratejilerinin uygulanması için patojen ve zararlıların yaygınlığını ve bunların oluşumunu etkileyen faktörleri anlamak gerekir. Nosemosis, Nosema spp. mikrosporidian parazitlerinin neden olduğu, bağırsak hasarına, yetersiz beslenmeye, ishale ve bal arılarının ölümüne yol açan ve en sonunda koloni çöküş bozukluğuna yol açan bir hastalıktır. Nosemosis, arı sağlığı ve genel kovan verimliliği üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi nedeniyle dünya çapındaki arıcılar için önemli bir endişe kaynağı olmuştur. Nosema apis ve N. ceranae PCR pozitifliği için potansiyel risk faktörleri olarak aşağıdaki faktörleri değerlendirmek için çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon kullanıldı: ilçe, kışlama tipi, bal arısı cinsi, kovan materyali, varroa, daha önce bildirilen askozferoz veya nosemoz, koloni gücü, kışın besleme, amitraz, fluvalinat veya timol kullanımı. Bulgularımız, yalnızca timol kullanımı için değişken sayımının verilere iyi uyduğunu, N. ceranae enfeksiyonunun gerçek gözlemlenen yaygınlığının timol kullanan bal arısı popülasyonunda, timol kullanmayan popülasyona göre önemli ölçüde daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Mevcut çalışmada timol kullanan ve N. ceranae enfeksiyonu azalmış ancak ortadan kaldırılmamış bal arısı popülasyonları, arıcılık uygulamasında muhtemelen önleyici, kontrolsüz ve aşırı akarisit kullanımıyla karşı karşıya kalmıştır.

Keywords

• Apis mellifera
• bal arısı paraziti
• multinomial lojistik regresyon
• Nosema spp
• nosemosis
• timol kullanımı

Beekeeping practice-related factors that impact nosemosis prevalence in honey bees in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

Abstract

To ensure pollination services for agriculture and implement effective management strategies to protect honey bee populations, it is necessary to understand the prevalence of pathogens and pests and the factors that impact their occurrence. The aim of this study is to investigate potential links of nosemosis prevalence in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the following factors as potential risk factors for Nosema apis and N. ceranae PCR positivity: district, wintering type, honey bee breed, hive material, varroosis, ascosferosis or nosemosis observed in the previous year, colony strength, feeding in winter, and amitraz, fluvalinate, or thymol usage. Our results show that only the variable counting for thymol usage fits the data well, where the actual observed prevalence of N. ceranae infection is significantly higher in honey bee populations that use thymol compared to those that do not. Honey bee populations with thymol usage in the current study with decreased, but not eliminated, N. ceranae infection, possibly faced preventive, uncontrolled, and excessive use of miticide in beekeeping practice.

Keywords

• Apis mellifera
• multinomial logistic regression
• Nosema spp
• nosemosis
• thymol usage

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