Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021)

Süleyman Yalçın; Bülent Acar; Selahattin Şen; Selçuk Kılıç; Barış Sareyyüpoğlu

doi:10.33988/auvfd.1671839

Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021)

Abstract

This molecular microbiological study aimed to investigate the genotype characterization of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) strains circulating in Türkiye. A total of 114 B. anthracis strains [82 from animal isolates, 28 from human isolates, 3 Refik Saydam Culture Collection (RSKK) strains, and 1 Max Sterne vaccine strain] from 2010 to 2021 were included in the study. The Multiple-locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) was performed using MLVA 31-loci. A total of 70 genotypes were revealed, including 4 different clusters (A, C1, C2, and C3), and there was 1 genotype in cluster A, 8 genotypes in cluster C1, 40 genotypes in cluster C2, and 21 genotypes in cluster C3. The C2 cluster was determined to be the most dominant cluster (68.4%) among all strains. The G18 (Genotype 18 contained 20 strains from 13 provinces in 4 geographical regions) was revealed to be the most common among the genotypes in the C2 cluster. It was observed that the same genotype can be found from different origins, in different cities, and in different years. The investigation of the temporal and spatial distribution of B. anthracis genotypes throughout a country could determine the possible origin of the cases. Furthermore, it has been shown that the discriminatory power of the MLVA-31 method is higher than that of the previous MLVA-25 method. Identifying and monitoring the local, regional, and international genetic characterization of B. anthracis is essential in combating potential anthrax outbreaks, which can be a public health issue.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary Epidemiology, Veterinary Microbiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Süleyman Yalçın ^*
0000-0003-1434-2717
Türkiye

Bülent Acar This is me
0009-0008-2042-5512
Türkiye

Selahattin Şen This is me
0000-0003-0841-0103
Türkiye

Selçuk Kılıç
0000-0002-4993-650X
Türkiye

Barış Sareyyüpoğlu
0000-0002-2212-2610
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 7, 2025

Publication Date

October 1, 2025

Submission Date

April 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 72 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1671839

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA35PM99SX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yalçın, S., Acar, B., Şen, S., Kılıç, S., & Sareyyüpoğlu, B. (2025). Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 72(4), 517-527. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1671839

AMA

1.Yalçın S, Acar B, Şen S, Kılıç S, Sareyyüpoğlu B. Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2025;72(4):517-527. doi:10.33988/auvfd.1671839

Chicago

Yalçın, Süleyman, Bülent Acar, Selahattin Şen, Selçuk Kılıç, and Barış Sareyyüpoğlu. 2025. “Phylogeographic Distribution of Bacillus Anthracis Strains from Humans and Animals in Türkiye: Genotyping Based on MLVA-31 Loci Analysis (2010–2021)”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72 (4): 517-27. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1671839.

EndNote

Yalçın S, Acar B, Şen S, Kılıç S, Sareyyüpoğlu B (October 1, 2025) Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72 4 517–527.

IEEE

[1]S. Yalçın, B. Acar, S. Şen, S. Kılıç, and B. Sareyyüpoğlu, “Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021)”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 517–527, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.33988/auvfd.1671839.

ISNAD

Yalçın, Süleyman - Acar, Bülent - Şen, Selahattin - Kılıç, Selçuk - Sareyyüpoğlu, Barış. “Phylogeographic Distribution of Bacillus Anthracis Strains from Humans and Animals in Türkiye: Genotyping Based on MLVA-31 Loci Analysis (2010–2021)”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 72/4 (October 1, 2025): 517-527. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1671839.

JAMA

1.Yalçın S, Acar B, Şen S, Kılıç S, Sareyyüpoğlu B. Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2025;72:517–527.

MLA

Yalçın, Süleyman, et al. “Phylogeographic Distribution of Bacillus Anthracis Strains from Humans and Animals in Türkiye: Genotyping Based on MLVA-31 Loci Analysis (2010–2021)”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 72, no. 4, Oct. 2025, pp. 517-2, doi:10.33988/auvfd.1671839.

Vancouver

1.Süleyman Yalçın, Bülent Acar, Selahattin Şen, Selçuk Kılıç, Barış Sareyyüpoğlu. Phylogeographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis strains from humans and animals in Türkiye: Genotyping based on MLVA-31 loci analysis (2010–2021). Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2025 Oct. 1;72(4):517-2. doi:10.33988/auvfd.1671839