Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia

Nur Saidah Said; Fedik Abdul Rantam; Suwarno Suwarno; Jola Rahmahani; Hani Plumeriastuti; Mohammad Anam Al-Arif; Wiwiek Tyasningsih; Suryo Kuncorojakti; Maryono Maryono; Deka Uli Fahrodi; Firdausy Kurnia Maulana; Zayyin Dinana

doi:10.33988/auvfd.1934646

Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that causes substantial economic losses worldwide. The re-emergence of FMD in Indonesia in 2022 after more than three decades of disease-free status has made continuous molecular surveillance essential for monitoring circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains and supporting effective control strategies. This study aimed to isolate FMDV serotype O from clinically affected cattle in East Java and to molecularly characterize the circulating field strains. A total of 29 clinical samples were collected from cattle with typical FMD lesions in four affected regencies in East Java in 2025. Virus isolation was performed using BHK-21 cell cultures, and viral infectivity was determined by the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay. Viral RNA extracted from culture-positive isolates was analyzed by serotype O-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the VP3 gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Infectious FMDV was successfully isolated from 18 of 29 samples (62.1%), with viral titers ranging from 5.7×105 to 3.7×107 TCID50/mL. All cytopathic effect-positive isolates were confirmed as FMDV serotype O by VP3-specific RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the representative isolates clustered within the O/ME-SA topotype, belonged to the Ind-2001e lineage, and were closely related to viruses associated with Indonesia's 2022 FMD outbreak. These findings provide updated molecular epidemiological evidence that the Ind-2001e lineage continues to circulate in East Java, and they highlight the importance of sustained molecular surveillance to monitor viral evolution and to support evidence-based FMD control and vaccine strain selection.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Veterinary Virology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nur Saidah Said ^*
0009-0001-4637-5137
Indonesia

Fedik Abdul Rantam This is me
0000-0001-8182-1465
Indonesia

Suwarno Suwarno This is me
0000-0002-4997-5242
Indonesia

Jola Rahmahani This is me
0000-0001-9103-3200
Indonesia

Hani Plumeriastuti This is me
0000-0002-4540-811X
Indonesia

Mohammad Anam Al-Arif This is me
0000-0002-5220-9311
Indonesia

Wiwiek Tyasningsih This is me
0009-0005-4932-7463
Indonesia

Suryo Kuncorojakti This is me
0000-0001-5170-9982
Indonesia

Maryono Maryono This is me
0009-0001-7156-6488
Indonesia

Deka Uli Fahrodi This is me
0009-0004-0086-9504
Indonesia

Firdausy Kurnia Maulana This is me
0000-0002-8276-6151
Indonesia

Zayyin Dinana This is me
0000-0003-1189-4153
Indonesia

Early Pub Date

August 23, 2026

Publication Date

October 1, 2026

Submission Date

April 20, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 12, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 73 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1934646

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA57LM93RC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Said, N. S., Rantam, F. A., Suwarno, S., Rahmahani, J., Plumeriastuti, H., Al-Arif, M. A., Tyasningsih, W., Kuncorojakti, S., Maryono, M., Fahrodi, D. U., Maulana, F. K., & Dinana, Z. (2026). Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 73(4), 418-428. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1934646

AMA

1.Said NS, Rantam FA, Suwarno S, et al. Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2026;73(4):418-428. doi:10.33988/auvfd.1934646

Chicago

Said, Nur Saidah, Fedik Abdul Rantam, Suwarno Suwarno, et al. 2026. “Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Circulating in Cattle in East Java, Indonesia”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 73 (4): 418-28. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1934646.

EndNote

Said NS, Rantam FA, Suwarno S, Rahmahani J, Plumeriastuti H, Al-Arif MA, Tyasningsih W, Kuncorojakti S, Maryono M, Fahrodi DU, Maulana FK, Dinana Z (October 1, 2026) Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 73 4 418–428.

IEEE

[1]N. S. Said et al., “Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia”, Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 418–428, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.33988/auvfd.1934646.

ISNAD

Said, Nur Saidah - Rantam, Fedik Abdul - Suwarno, Suwarno - Rahmahani, Jola - Plumeriastuti, Hani - Al-Arif, Mohammad Anam - Tyasningsih, Wiwiek et al. “Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Circulating in Cattle in East Java, Indonesia”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 73/4 (October 1, 2026): 418-428. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1934646.

JAMA

1.Said NS, Rantam FA, Suwarno S, Rahmahani J, Plumeriastuti H, Al-Arif MA, Tyasningsih W, Kuncorojakti S, Maryono M, Fahrodi DU, Maulana FK, Dinana Z. Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2026;73:418–428.

MLA

Said, Nur Saidah, et al. “Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Serotype O Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Circulating in Cattle in East Java, Indonesia”. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 73, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 418-2, doi:10.33988/auvfd.1934646.

Vancouver

1.Nur Saidah Said, Fedik Abdul Rantam, Suwarno Suwarno, Jola Rahmahani, Hani Plumeriastuti, Mohammad Anam Al-Arif, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Suryo Kuncorojakti, Maryono Maryono, Deka Uli Fahrodi, Firdausy Kurnia Maulana, Zayyin Dinana. Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2026 Oct. 1;73(4):418-2. doi:10.33988/auvfd.1934646