Şam keçilerinde laktasyonun farklı dönemlerinde süt verimi ve süt kalitesi özellikleri: Konsantre ve meraya dayalı besleme sistemleri

Abstract

Bu çalışma, farklı besleme sistemlerindeki Şam keçilerinin laktasyonun farklı dönemlerinde süt verimi ve süt kalite
özelliklerinin araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Keçiler konsantre yeme ve meraya dayalı olarak iki farklı besleme sistemine
ayrılmıştır. Besleme sistemlerinin, laktasyon süresi üzerine etkisi önemsiz olurken laktasyon süt verimi üzerinde önemli farklılığa
sebep olmuştur. Besleme sistemleri arasında pH, süt kompozisyonu (yağ, laktoz, kuru madde), somatik hücre sayısı ve laktasyonun
erken dönemleri hariç malondialdehit düzeyleri benzer olurken, aynı parametreler üzerinde laktasyon dönemlerinin etkisi önemli
olmuştur. Sütteki Kalsiyum seviyeleri erken laktasyon dönemlerinde besleme sistemleri bakımından farklılık göstermiştir. Ayrıca
laktasyon dönemleri arasında da farklılık meydana gelmiştir. Sütte bulunan diğer mineral maddelerin de laktasyonla beraber azaldığı
tespit edilmiştir. Yağ asidi kompozisyonu besleme sistemlerinden büyük oranda etkilenirken, tüm yağ asitleri laktasyon dönemlerine
göre önemli düzeyde farklılık göstermişlerdir. Meraya dayalı besleme sistemindeki keçilere ait sütler daha düşük toplam doymuş yağ
asidi oranı, aterojenik indeks, trombojenik indeks ve koku indeks değerine sahip olmuştur. Süt yağ asidi kompozisyonu bakımından
meraya dayalı beslenen keçilerden elde edilen süt konsantre yeme dayalı beslenen gruba göre daha sağlıklı bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde
erken laktasyon döneminde üretilen süt, geç laktasyon döneminde üretilene göre daha sağlıklı olmuştur.

Keywords

• Besleme sistemi,laktasyon dönemi,süt kalitesi,süt verimi,Şam keçisi

Milk yield and quality traits in different lactation stages of Damascus goats: Concentrate and pasture based feeding systems

Abstract

This study aimed to survey milk yield, lactation stages and milk quality traits of Damascus goats reared under
different feeding systems. Goats were divided according to feeding systems as pasture based and concentrate based. Feeding systems
were found to have significant effect on lactation milk yield but not on lactation duration. Although differences between feeding
systems were not found significant on pH, milk composition factors (fat, lactose, dry matter), somatic cell count and malondialdehyde
(except for early lactation stage) for each lactation stage, significant effects were detected on same parameters among lactation stages.
Calcium levels at early lactation stage in milk differed either between feeding systems or among lactation stages. Also, other minerals
were found to decrease with lactation. While most of the fatty acids were affected in any of the lactation stages by the feeding system,
all of them were significantly altered by lactation stages. Pastured goats had a lower percentage of total saturated fatty acids, atherogenic
index, thrombogenic index and odour index ratios. In accordance with milk fatty acid composition, compared to the milk obtained from
goats fed with concentrate, the milk obtained from the goats that pastured was healthier and early lactation stage was found to produce
healthier milk than late lactation stage.

Keywords

• Damascus goat,feeding system,lactation stage,milk quality,milk yield

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